1、Designation: C 1218/C 1218M 99 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forWater-Soluble Chloride in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1218/C 1218M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides procedures for the samplingand analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concre
3、te forchloride that is water soluble under the conditions of test.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-notes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pou
4、nd unitsare to be regarded separately as a standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety co
5、ncerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 42/C 42M Test Method for Obtaining
6、and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 823 Practice for Examination and Sampling of HardenedConcrete in ConstructionsC 1084 Te
7、st Method for Portland-Cement Content of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposesE 832 Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers3. Significance and Use3.1 Water-soluble chloride, when present in sufficie
8、ntamount, is capable of leading to initiation or acceleration of thecorrosion of metals, such as steel, embedded in or contacting acement system such as mortar, grout, or concrete. Thus, itsdetermination shall be required to evaluate the potential of acement system for undergoing such reactions or t
9、o investigatecement systems where such reaction has already occurred.However, it must be recognized that water-soluble chloridedetermined at some particular time in the life of a cementsystem is capable of being substantially different than that atanother time; for example, the service environment i
10、s capableof resulting in a higher water-soluble chloride content due tochanges in solubility or a lower one due to leaching.3.1.1 Test conditions are capable of affecting water-solublechloride determinations. Take caution when comparing resultsfrom this test method with those from other test methods
11、.3.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination ofchloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cementscontain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that are capable of suchinterference and produce erroneously high test results. Treat-ment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Me
12、thodsC114, is used to eliminate such interference.3.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is notavailable for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by useof this test method.34. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Equipment:4.1.1 The apparatus required for obtaining samples bycoring or sawing is d
13、escribed in Test Method C 42/C 42M.4.1.2 Use the following apparatus for sampling by drilling(pulverization):4.1.2.1 Rotary impact drill and drill or pulverizing bits.4.1.2.2 Spoon or other suitable means to collect withoutcontamination pulverized sample material produced by drill-ing.1This test met
14、hod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.69 on Miscellaneous Tests.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C
15、1218/C 1218M 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3For more information see “The Determination
16、of the Chloride Content ofConcrete,” by Brian B. Hope, John A. Page and John S. Poland, Cement andConcrete Research, Volume 15, Number 5, Pergamon Press, New York, September1985, pp. 863870.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United St
17、ates.4.1.2.3 Sample containers capable of maintaining samplesin an uncontaminated state.4.2 Sample Processing ApparatusThe apparatus requiredfor processing samples shall be chosen for its suitability for thepurposes of the investigation, and frequently includes a con-crete saw and one or more pulver
18、izers.4.2.1 Samples more than 25 mm 1 in. in maximumdimension shall be reduced in size by use of a jaw crusher orbroken into smaller pieces by hammering carefully to avoidloss of smaller pieces.4.2.2 Crush particles less than 25 mm 1 in. in maximumdimension using a rotating-puck grinding apparatus,
19、or byusing a disc pulverizer, or mortar and pestle operated to restrictto negligible levels the loss of fine particles.4.2.3 The 850-m No. 20 sieve shall comply with Speci-fication E11.4.3 The apparatus required for the chloride determinationstep is given as the reference test method for chloride in
20、 TestMethods C114.4.4 Glazed paper to minimize adherence of fine particles foruse as described in 7.1.5. Reagents5.1 The reagents required for the chloride determination aregiven in the reference test method for chloride of Test MethodsC114.6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample as required for the purpos
21、e of theinvestigation (Note 1).NOTE 1Because of the small nominal maximum size of the aggregatein a mortar, pieces of mortar having a mass of at least 10 g will be morerepresentative of a much larger volume of mortar than would anequivalently sized sample of concrete. Practice C 823 may be used as a
22、guide for sampling.6.1.1 Take concrete cores in accordance with Test MethodC 42/C 42M unless otherwise specified (Note 2):NOTE 2Concrete cores taken in accordance with Test Method C 42/C 42M may be cut longitudinally to provide a 12-mm 12-in. thick sectiongenerally representative of the core, or cut
23、 laterally into 12-mm 12-in.thick discs representative of the concrete core at various depths. Experi-ence has shown that the cooling water from core cutting will not dissolvea significant amount of the chloride.6.1.2 Powdered concrete obtained by use of a rotary impactdrill is frequently useful in
24、determining chloride concentrationwith depth in bridge decks and pavements. When the nominalmaximum coarse aggregate size is 25 mm 1 in. or more suchsamples are unrepresentative. The data must be used with careor several samples combined. Procedures for this method ofsampling are as follows:6.1.2.1
25、Using the rotary impact drill, drill perpendicular tothe concrete surface or parallel to the axis of a cored specimento a specified depth or a depth sufficient to obtain a represen-tative sample of at least 20 g of powdered material. To preventsample contamination, avoid contact of sample with hands
26、 andother sources of perspiration. Clean all sampling tools prior toeach sampling operation (Note 3). Do not use lubricants duringdrilling.NOTE 3Sampling tools may be cleaned with a brush, cloth, ethylalcohol rinse, water rinse, or other method that will not contaminate thesample.6.1.2.2 Transfer po
27、wdered sample into the sample containerusing a spoon or other suitable means.7. Sample Preparation7.1 Pulverize the sample so that all the material will pass a850-m No. 20 sieve. Thoroughly blend the material bytransferring it from one glazed paper to another at least tentimes.8. Procedure8.1 Select
28、 a sample having a mass of approximately 10 g.Weigh the sample to the nearest 0.01 g and place it into a250-mL beaker. Add 50 6 1 mL of reagent water meetingSpecification D 1193, cover with a watch glass, bring to a boiland boil for 5 min. Allow to stand 24 h. Filter by gravity orsuction through a f
29、ine-texture, Type II, Class G filter paper ofSpecification E 832. Transfer the filtrate to a 250-mL beaker.Add 3 6 0.1 mL of (1:1) nitric acid and add 3 6 0.1 mL ofhydrogen peroxide (30 % solution) to the filtrate. Cover thebeaker with a watch glass and allow to stand for 1 to 2 min.Heat the covered
30、 beaker rapidly to boiling. Do not allow to boilfor more than a few seconds. Remove from hot plate (Note 4).Proceed in accordance with the reference test method forchloride of Test Methods C114, starting with the procedurethat follows removal of the sample from the hot plate in TestMethods C114.NOTE
31、 4It is important to keep the beaker covered during heating anddigestion to prevent the loss of chloride by volatilization.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate percent chloride by mass of mortar or con-crete, by the reference test method for chloride given in TestMethods C114.9.2 Other useful measures of chl
32、oride concentration can beobtained as follows:9.2.1 For calculating kilograms of chloride per cubic meterpounds of chloride per cubic yard of concrete, multiplypercent chloride by D1/100 or D2/100,where:D1= oven-dry density as determined in the section onConcrete Density in Test Method C 1084, kg/m3
33、lb/yd3.D2= saturated-surface-dry density as determined in thesection on Concrete Density in Test Method C 1084,kg/m3lb/yd3.The report must state which density is used in the calcula-tion.9.2.2 For calculating percent chloride by mass of cement,multiply percent chloride by 100/P,where:P = percent cem
34、ent by mass in the mortar or concrete, asknown or determined in accordance with Test MethodC 1084.C 1218/C 1218M 99 (2008)210. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision4This precision statement is based onsamples passing a 600-m No. 30 sieve instead of an 850-mNo. 20 sieve and on a 1 min boil instead of a 5
35、min boil.NOTE 5It is the opinion of the committee that this difference inprocedure should not significantly influence the precision beyond what ispresented here.10.1.1 The single-laboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be 0.0013 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.5Therefore, results of
36、two properly conducted tests in the samelaboratory on the same material are not expected to differ bymore than 0.0037 %.10.1.2 The multilaboratory standard deviation has beenfound to be 0.0037 % chloride by mass of mortar or concrete.5Therefore, results of two properly conducted tests from twodiffer
37、ent laboratories on samples of the same material are notexpected to differ by more than 0.0106 %.5(Note 6).NOTE 6This precision statement applies to tests of samples preparedand ground by a single laboratory. Test results of concrete constructionwill vary depending upon the method of obtaining the s
38、ample and the sizeof the sample before it is crushed and reduced to pass the 850-m No. 20sieve or pulverized.10.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of water-soluble chloride is defined by theprocedure.11. Keywords11.1 chloride; chloride content; concrete; mortar; wat
39、er-soluble chlorideASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement
40、of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for
41、 additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known
42、to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM a
43、t the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: C09-1003.5These numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits as described inPractice C 670.C 1218/C 1218M 99 (2008)3
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