1、Designation:C123/C123M11 Designation: C123/C123M 12American Association StateHighway and Transportation StandardAASHTO No.: T 113Standard Test Method forLightweight Particles in Aggregate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C123/C123M; the number immediately following the designation
2、 indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agenci
3、es of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of lightweight particles in aggregate by means of sink-floatseparation in a heavy liquid of suitable specific gravity.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarde
4、d separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equival
5、entsare not used in the practice.NOTE 1Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnote
6、s which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the use
7、r of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC125 Terminology Relating to C
8、oncrete and Concrete AggregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeC1005
9、Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing ofHydraulic CementsD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction MaterialsE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesE100 Spec
10、ification for ASTM Hydrometers3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is used to determine conformance with provisions of Specification C33 pertaining to the amount oflightweight material in fine and c
11、oarse aggregates. A heavy liquid with a specific gravity of 2.0 is used to separate particles whichmay be classified as coal or lignite. Heavier liquids are to be used to check the percentages of other lightweight particles such aschert and shale having a specific gravity less than 2.40.1This test m
12、ethod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 onNormal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Aug.Feb. 1, 2011.2012. Published September 2011.March 2012. Originally approved in 1936. Last previous
13、 edition approved in 20042011 asC12304.C123/C123M11. DOI: 10.1520/C0123_C0123M-112.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary p
14、age on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends tha
15、t users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 The test method is
16、useful in identifying porous aggregate particles in research activities or in petrographic analyses.5. Apparatus5.1 BalancesFor determining the mass of fine aggregates, a balance having a capacity of not less than 500 g, sensitive to atleast 0.1 g: for determining the mass of coarse aggregate, a bal
17、ance having a capacity of not less than 5000 g, sensitive to at least1 g. Both balances shall conform to the accuracy criterion of the applicable sections of Specification C1005.5.2 Containers suitable for drying the aggregate sample, and containers suitable for holding the heavy liquid during thesi
18、nk-float separation.5.3 SkimmerA piece of 300-m (No. 50) sieve cloth, conforming to Specification E11, of suitable size and shape forseparating the floating particles from the heavy liquid.5.4 Hot Plate or Oven.5.5 Sieves, 300-m (No. 50) and 4.75-mm (No. 4) conforming to Specification E11.5.6 Specif
19、ic Gravity Measurement A hydrometer conforming to the physical requirement sections for individual hydrometersof Specification E100, or a suitable combination of graduated glassware and balance capable of measuring the liquid specificgravity within 60.01.6. Heavy Liquid6.1The heavy liquid shall cons
20、ist of one of the following (see6.1 The heavy liquid shall be able to achieve the required specific gravity and be readily removable from the sample. The heavyliquid shall consist of one of the following (see 6.1.4):6.1.1 A solution of zinc chloride in water (for a specific gravity up to about 2.0).
21、6.1.2A mixture of kerosene with 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane, proportioned to produce desired specific gravities. (1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane has a specific gravity of about 2.95) (see6.1.2 A solution of zinc bromide in water (for a specific gravity up to about 2.4).6.1.3 A mixture of heavy organic liquid
22、s proportioned to achieve the desired specific gravities. (see Note 2).6.1.3A solution of zinc bromide in water (for a specific gravity up to about 2.4).6.1.4 WarningThe chemicals listed in 6.1.2 are toxic, both by absorption through the skin and by inhalation. They shall beused only in a hood (pref
23、erably of the down-draft type) or out-of-doors, and care shall be taken to avoid inhalation or contact withthe eyes or skin. There is no particular hazard from the fumes of zinc-chloride solution (Chlorinated and brominated organiccompounds are highly toxic and extremely dangerous to use and emit to
24、xic fumes when heated. They shall be used only in a hood(preferably of the down-draft type) or out-of-doors, and care shall be taken to avoid inhalation or contact with the eyes or skin.They shall be handled only by personnel trained in their use. Storage of these chemicals shall be in a secured loc
25、ation. There isno particular hazard from the fumes of zinc-chloride solution (6.1.1) or zinc-bromide solution (6.1.36.1.2) but goggles and glovesshall be worn to prevent contact with the eyes or skin.6.2 The specific gravity of the heavy liquid shall be maintained within 60.01 of the specified value
26、 at all times during the test.NOTE21,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane is highly toxic and extremely dangerous to use and when heated emits highly toxic fumes of bromine, hydrogenbromide, and carbonyl bromide. It should be handled only by personnel trained and qualified in its use. Its storage should be in a s
27、ecured location.2Suggested liquids (and their specific gravities) include: tetrabromoethane (2.95), dibromoethane (2.70), 26 tetrachloroethane (1.63), dichloromethane(1.33).7. Sampling7.1 Secure a field sample of the aggregate in accordance with Practices D75 and D3665. Reduce the sample to test por
28、tion sizein accordance with Practice C702.7.2 Dry the test portion to constant mass at a temperature of 110 6 5 C 230 6 10 F before testing and sieve to remove theundersize material as specified in 8.1 and 8.2. The minimum size of the test specimen shall be as follows:Nominal Maximum Sizeof Aggregat
29、e(square-opening sieves)Minimum Mass ofSample, g lb4.75 mm or smaller (No. 4 or smaller) 200 0.59.5 mm (38 in.) 1 500 312.5 to 19.0 mm (12 to34 in.) 3 000 725to37.5mm (1to112 in.) 5 000 1150 mm or larger (2 in. or larger) 10 000 228. Procedure8.1 Fine AggregateAllow the dried test specimen of fine a
30、ggregate to cool to room temperature and then sieve over a 300-m(No. 50) sieve until less than 1 % of the retained material passes the sieve in 1 min of continuous sieving. Determine the mass ofthe material coarser than the 300-m (No. 50) sieve to the nearest 0.1 g, and bring this material to a satu
31、rated-surface-dry conditionby means of the procedure specified in Test Method C128 (see 8.1.1), then introduce it into the heavy liquid (see 6.1.4) in a suitablecontainer. The volume of liquid shall be at least three times the absolute volume of the aggregate. Pour the liquid, including thefloating
32、particles, into a second container, passing it through the skimmer, taking care that only the floating particles are pouredC123/C123M 122off with the liquid and that none of the fine aggregate that sinks is decanted onto the skimmer. Return to the first container the liquidthat has been collected in
33、 the second container and, after further agitation of the sample by stirring, repeat the decanting processjust described until the specimen is free of floating particles. Wash the decanted particles contained on the skimmer in anappropriate solvent to remove the heavy liquid. Alcohol is appropriate
34、for 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethanethe chlorinated and brominatedorganic compounds and water for the zinc-chloride and zinc-bromide solutions. After the decanted particles have been washed,allow them to dry (see 8.1.2). Brush the dry decanted particles from the skimmer onto the balance pan and determine th
35、e massto the nearest 0.1 g. If more precise determination is required, the decanted particles shall be dried to constant mass at 110 6 5C 230 6 10 F to determine the value of W1used for the calculation in 9.1 (see 8.1.3).8.1.1 If the absorption as determined in accordance with Test Method C128 is kn
36、own, the fine aggregate is permitted to beprepared for test by adding to a known mass of dry sand the amount of water it will absorb, mixing thoroughly, and permittingthe sand to stand in a covered pan for 30 min before use.8.1.2 Drying shall take place in the hood or out-of-doors if other than zinc
37、 chloride or zinc bromide is used. An oven or hotplate is permitted to be used to accelerate the drying providing that it is done in the hood or that the oven is forced-air ventilatedto the outside of the building and that a temperature of 115 C 240 F is not exceeded.8.1.3 Normally the discrepancy b
38、etween oven-dry mass and saturated-surface-dry mass of the decanted particles will notsignificantly affect the calculated percentage of light-weight particles.8.2 Coarse AggregateAllow the dried test specimen of coarse aggregate to cool to room temperature and sieve over a4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve. Dete
39、rmine the mass of the material coarser than the 4.75-m (No. 4) sieve to the nearest 1 g, and bring toa saturated-surface-dry condition by means of the procedure specified in Test Method C127; then introduce it into the heavy liquidin a suitable container. The volume of liquid shall be at least three
40、 times the absolute volume of the aggregate. Using the skimmer,remove the particles that float to the surface, and save them. Repeatedly agitate the remaining particles, and remove the floatingparticles until no additional particles rise to the surface. Wash the particles which are skimmed off in an
41、 appropriate solvent toremove the heavy liquid (see 8.1). After the heavy liquid has been removed, allow the particles to dry (see 8.1.2). Determine themass of the decanted particles to the nearest 1 g. If a more precise determination is required, dry the particles to constant massat 110 6 5 C 230 6
42、 10 F to determine the value of W1used for the calculation in 9.1 (see 8.1.3).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the percentage by mass of lightweight particles (particles floating on the heavy liquid) as follows:For fine aggregate:L5W1/W2!3100 (1)C0123_C0123M-12_1For coarse aggregate:C0123_C0123M-12_2wher
43、e:L = percentage by mass of lightweight particles,W1= dry mass of particles that float,W2= dry mass of portion of specimen coarser than 300-m (No. 50) sieve, andW3= dry mass of portion of specimen coarser than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identific
44、ation of the aggregate as to source, type and nominal maximum size,10.1.2 The mass of the test sample used,10.1.3 Type and specific gravity of heavy liquid used for the test, and10.1.4 Percentage by mass of lightweight particles rounded to nearest 0.1 %.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionNo interla
45、boratory or intralaboratory studies have been conducted using this test method to determine precisionindices. The committee is seeking pertinent data from users of the test method.11.2 BiasBias of the test method may be estimated by running separate specific gravity and absorption determinations oni
46、ndividual particles of the separate sink, or float fractions, or both.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; heavy liquid; lightweight particlesC123/C123M 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users o
47、f this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every fiv
48、e years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical c
49、ommittee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through
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