ASTM C1232-2010 Standard Terminology of Masonry《砖石工程的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: C1232 10Standard Terminology ofMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of

2、 last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and genericdefinitions of terms specifically associated with masonry andmasonry units. These generic terms and definitions are usedwithi

3、n the standards developed by Committee C12 on Mortarsand Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manu-factured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay masonryunits, in particular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C

4、62,C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C652, C902, C1088, C1167,C1261, C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma-sonry units in particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90,C129, C139, C744, C1

5、319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634and to Test Methods C140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of termsassociated with the standards specific to autoclaved aeratedconcrete masonry units in particular to Practice C1555 and toSpecification C1386.1.5 This standard inco

6、rporates terms and definitions ofterms associated with the standards specific to clay andconcrete roofing tile units in particular to Specifications C1167and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and C1570.1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, seeTerminology C1180.2. Referenced Documen

7、ts2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (MadeFrom Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC43 Terminology of Structural Clay Products3C55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC62

8、 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-LimeBrick)C90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC126 Specification for Ceramic Gla

9、zed Structural ClayFacing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete MasonryUnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Con-struction of Catch Basins and ManholesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related Uni

10、tsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of ConcreteMasonry Unit

11、sC652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow MasonryUnits Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and CalciumSilicate Masonry UnitsC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnitsC1088 Specification

12、 for Thin Veneer Brick Units MadeFrom Clay or ShaleC1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated Units3C1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential Fire-places1This terminology is under t

13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.08 on Terminology.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1232 09b. DOI:10.1520/C1232-1

14、0.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical st

15、andard is referencedon www.astm.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental

16、Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete UnitsC1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental RetainingWall UnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Con-crete (AAC) Wall Construction Units

17、C1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, BrickUnits)C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof PaversC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof TileC1555 Practice for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Masonry3C1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistan

18、ce Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete andClay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete MasonryLintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing Brick3.

19、 Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to masonryunits and assemblies. They are generic as used by ASTMCommittees C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1) the nonvertical surfaces of a manufacturedmasonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined bymortar or other methods. (2) the in sit

20、u nonvertical surfacesof a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or othermethods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline deposit of water-solublecompounds in the pores of masonry.efflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe

21、 in situ exposed surface(s) of a manu-factured masonry unit.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonryunit intended by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.facing unit, nmanufactured masonry unit designed for usewhere one or more faces will be exposed and for which thespecification

22、includes requirements on color, finish, andother properties affecting appearance.freeze thaw resistance, nthe ability of masonry to maintainintegrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezingand thawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit.I

23、ndentations not exceeding38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog,sometimes called a panel or panel frog. Indentations exceed-ing38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finishedfaces of manufactured masonry units for production orconstruction purposes.height,

24、 nvertical dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.hollow masonry unit, nunit whose net cross-sectional areain any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.lengt

25、h, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when theunit is positioned as a stretcher.manufactured masonry unit, na manmade noncombustiblebuilding product intended to be laid by hand and joined bymortar, grout, or other methods of joining.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of masonryunits

26、 laid with mortar, grout, or other methods of joining.nominal dimension, ndimension that is greater than thespecified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It isusually expressed as a whole number.permeable paving unit, na manufactured masonry unit forpavement applications configured to achi

27、eve a minimumpercentage of open area in the wearing surface of thepavement by coring, a specially-shaped perimeter, or largerspacer lugs, or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable paving units may be specified under C902for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick, C936 for Solid ConcreteInterloc

28、king Paving Units, or C1272 for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick.Permeable pavement systems can also be made with standard units anda laying pattern that permits sufficient water entry.permeable unit pavement system, npavement with a wear-ing surface made from clay or concrete units that allowsinfiltrat

29、ion of water to an open-graded aggregate bed, base,or subbase, or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable pavement systems are utilized to reducestormwater runoff. Permeable pavements have wearing surfaces with ahigh initial water infiltration through open spaces to drain water intoopen-graded bedd

30、ing and base materials. The open spaces in thewearing surface are designed to enable sufficient infiltration rates tohandle runoff from designated storm types (for example, 1 year, 24 hourevent).With unit pavers the open spaces can be achieved with exposedcoring, a specially-shaped perimeter configu

31、ration, or wider joints, orcombinations thereof. Permeable pavement systems can also be madewith standard units and a laying pattern that permits sufficient waterentry.score, na channel formed for appearance purposes on thefinished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a ho

32、llow masonry unit. Shell caneither be an end shell or a face shell.solid masonry unit, nunit whose net cross-sectional area inany plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, ordeep frogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional areameasured in the same plane.specified dimensions, ndim

33、ensions to which masonry unitsor constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions bypermissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of amanufactured masonry unit.DISCUSSIONSurface features include coatings, colors

34、, textures, re-lief, or combinations of these. A masonry unit may have differentsurface features on individual faces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles toC1232 102the face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units thathave been i

35、nstalled in masonry.3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Units:absorption, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonryunit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed inrelation to the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in stan-dards relating to

36、brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86F (15.5 to30C) water or5hinboiling water. (Different time intervals arespecified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorp-tions are termed cold water absorption and boiling water absorption.Absorption values are used in brick and tile sta

37、ndards as one factorin classifying these products into durability grades. Absorptions areindicators of the extent of firing during manufacture as well as beingindicators of durability.body color, nthe range of color obtained when materialsused to form the brick react to the effects of firing tempera

38、-ture and atmosphere.DISCUSSIONThere may be additives in the body to produce a desiredcolor. When no materials are added to the surface of the brick and theunit is not flashed when fired, the body color is also the through-bodycolor, a surface feature.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay o

39、r shale,usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or firedin a kiln; brick is a ceramic product.brick, acid-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in contact withchemicals, usually in conjunction with acid-resistant mor-tars; see Specification C279.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting o

40、r other purposeswhere appearance properties such as texture or color are notimportant (formerly called common brick); see SpecificationC62 and Specification C652.brick, facing, nbrick for general purposes where appearanceproperties such as color, texture, and chippage are important;see Specification

41、 C216 and Specification C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced from selected clays and areavailable in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.brick, floor, nbrick with physical properties related toresistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, orabsorption, or combina

42、tions of these, used as finished floorsurfaces in industrial applications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIONOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrialapplications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meetthe requirements in Specification C410 are typically smooth and dense.br

43、ick, paving, nbrick made to provide the wearing surfaceof highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, andsimilar applications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasive-resistant brick in-tended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.brick, speciall

44、y-shaped, na brick manufactured to a basicshape of other than a rectangular prism.cells/core holes, ncontinuous openings or perforationswithin extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible openings is specified for eachproduct as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surfac

45、eplane that must be net (solid) area. Core hole is generally used for brickwhile cell is used for structural tile. Cells are distinguished from coreholes by being larger in size.As an illustration, cells must be larger than1 in.2(645 mm2) under Specification C34, and 112 in.2(968 mm2)under Specifica

46、tion C652.clay, nan earthy or stony mineral aggregate consistingessentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, plastic whensufficiently pulverized and wetted, rigid when dry, andvitreous when fired to a sufficiently high temperature.coated finish, nthe surface color and texture resulting fromthe appli

47、cation of mineral particles to the finished faces inthe manufacturing process.DISCUSSIONCoatings include sand, engobes, and glazes, and thesemay be applied alone or in bed finish, nthe texture resulting when faces are alteredby more or less parallel scratches or scarfs in manufacture.coring, vthe pr

48、ocess of perforating structural clay products,generally performed during extrusion by supporting cores(rods) within the shaping cap of the extruder.end-construction tile, ntile designed to receive its compres-sive stress parallel to the axes of the cell.engobe, na slip, other than a glaze, that is n

49、ot imperviousand is applied as a coating to a ceramic body to function asa glaze undercoat or to impart color, texture, opacity, or othercharacteristics.extrusion, nshaping of brick by pushing plastic clay or shalethrough a die opening that forms the peripheral dimensionsof the brick.DISCUSSIONThe column of extrudate is then cut into sections toprovide the third dimension of the brick. Water is added to the clay orshale in sufficient quantities to permit laminar flow through theextrusion machine. The consisten