ASTM C1232-2015a Standard Terminology of Masonry《砌体的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: C1232 15C1232 15aStandard Terminology ofMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates th

2、e year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with manufactured masonryunits and masonry constructed with manufactur

3、ed masonry units. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standardsdeveloped by Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to

4、 clay masonry units, inparticular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62, C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088, C1167, C1261,C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to concrete mason

5、ry unitsin particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90, C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634 and to Test MethodsC140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of terms associated with the standards specific to autoclaved aerated concretemasonry units in p

6、articular to Practice C1692 and to Specifications C1386, C1691, and C1693.1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay and concrete roofingtile units in particular to Specifications C1167 and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, and

7、C1570.1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, see Terminology C1180.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall TileC55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC56

8、 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime Brick)C90 Specification for Loadbear

9、ing Concrete Masonry UnitsC126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Construction of Catch Basins and ManholesC140 Test Methods f

10、or Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry UnitsC410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426

11、Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry UnitsC530 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Screen Tile1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.08 onTerminology.Cur

12、rent edition approved June 1, 2015Sept. 1, 2015. Published June 2015September 2015. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20122015 asC1232 12.C1232 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1232-15.10.1520/C1232-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM

13、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made

14、to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Sum

15、mary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Prefaced Concrete and

16、Calcium Silicate Masonry UnitsC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving BrickC936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsC1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or ShaleC1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminology of Mortar and G

17、rout for Unit MasonryC1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential FireplacesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete UnitsC1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specification for Concrete Gr

18、id Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall UnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Wall Construction Units (Withdrawn 2013)3C1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)C1491 Specification for Concrete Roof PaversC1492 S

19、pecification for Concrete Roof TileC1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tile

20、s (Air Permeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete Masonry LintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing BrickC1691 Specification for Unreinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry UnitsC1692 Practice for Construction and Testing of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Ma

21、sonryC1693 Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)3. Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to manufactured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufacturedmasonry units. They are generic as used by ASTM Committees C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1) the nonvertical sur

22、faces of a manufactured masonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined by mortaror other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfaces of a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or other methods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline deposit of water-soluble compounds in the pores of masonry.e

23、fflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe in situ exposed surface(s) of a manufactured masonry unit.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be exposed to view.free

24、ze thaw resistance, nthe ability of masonry to maintain integrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezing andthawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit. Indentations not exceeding 38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog, sometimescalled a pane

25、l or panel frog. Indentations exceeding 38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finished faces of manufactured masonry units for production or constructionpurposes.height, nvertical dimension of the face of a unit when the unit is positioned as a stret

26、cher.length, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when the unit is positioned as a stretcher.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of manufactured masonry units laid with mortar, grout, or other methods of joining.nominal dimension, ndimension that is greater than the specified dimension

27、 by the thickness of a mortar joint. It is usuallyexpressed as a whole number.permeable unit pavement system, npavement with a wearing surface made fromconsisting of clay or concrete paving units thatallows infiltration for the flow of water to an open-graded aggregate bed, base, or through the wear

28、ing surface to a bed, base,subbase, or combinations thereof.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.C1232 15a2DISCUSSIONPermeable unit pavement systems are utilized to reduce stormwater runoff. Permeable The system can also be designed for water storage

29、or harvesting.Permeable unit pavements have wearing surfaces with a high initial water infiltrationthat allow water flow through open spaces or joints to drain waterinto open-graded bedding and base materials. The open spaces in the wearing surface are designed to enable sufficient infiltration rate

30、s to handle runofffrom designated storm types water. The base and subbase are typically constructed with open-graded aggregates, but can be designed with othermaterials that allow sufficient drainage or storage that can accommodate a design storm (for example, 1 year, 24 hour event).With unit pavers

31、 the open spaces can be achieved with exposed coring, a specially-shaped perimeter configuration, or wider joints, or combinationsthereof. Permeable pavement systems can also be made with standard units and a laying pattern or joint width that permits sufficient water entry.score, na channel formed

32、for appearance purposes on the finished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. Shell can either be an end shell or a face shell.specified dimensions, ndimensions to which masonry units or constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)dimensio

33、ns may differ from the specified dimensions by permissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of a manufactured masonry unit.DISCUSSIONSurface features include coatings, colors, textures, relief, or combinations of these. A masonry unit may have different surface feature

34、s on individualfaces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles to the face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.unit, facing, nmanufactured masonry unit designed for use where one or more faces will be exposed and for which thespecification includes requirements on color, finish, a

35、nd other properties affecting appearance.unit, hollow masonry, nunit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, or deepfrogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.unit, manufactured masonry, na manmade noncomb

36、ustible building product intended to be laid by hand and joined by mortar,grout, or other methods of joining.unit, permeable paving, na manufactured masonry unit for pavement applications configured to achieve a minimum percentageof open area in the wearing surface of the pavement by coring, a speci

37、ally-shaped perimeter, or larger spacer lugs, orcombinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable paving units may be specified under C902 for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick, C936 for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units,C1272 for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick, or C1319 for Concrete Grid Paving

38、 Units. Permeable pavement systems can also be made with standardunits and a laying pattern that permits sufficient water entry.unit, solid masonry, nunit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, or deepfrogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sect

39、ional area measured in the same plane.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units that have been installed in masonry.3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Units:absorption, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonry unit during immersion at prescribed conditions expressed in relationto

40、the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in standards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86F (15.5 to 30C) water or 5 h in boilingwater. (Different time intervals are specified for structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorptions a

41、re termed cold water absorption andboiling water absorption.Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factor in classifying these products into durability grades. Absorptions are indicatorsof the extent of firing during manufacture as well as being indicators of durability.absorp

42、tion, initial rate of, na measure of the suction of water upward into a dry brick from a bed face during one minute ofexposure.C1232 15a3DISCUSSIONInitial rate of absorption (IRA) is a distinct property that offers different information from absorption. It is expressed as grams of water picked up in

43、one minute by a net area of 30 in.2 (194 cm2).Initial rate of absorption is one factor influencing the quality of bond between brick and mortar. It is used in brick standards to recommendconstruction practices for enhancing mortar to brick bonding.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or sh

44、ale, usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or fired in a kiln;brick is a ceramic product.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting or other purposes where appearance properties such as texture or color are notimportant (formerly called common brick); see Specification C62 and Specifi

45、cation C652.brick, chemical-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in chemical environments where resistance to thermal shock may be aconsideration, usually used in conjunction with chemical-resistant mortars; see Specification C279.brick, facing, nbrick for general purposes where appearance properties

46、such as color, texture, and chippage are important; seeSpecification C216 and Specification C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced from selected clays and are available in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.brick, firebox, nbrick intended for use as the lining in the fireb

47、oxes of residential fireplaces; see Specification C1261.brick, floor, nbrick with physical properties related to resistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, or absorption, orcombinations of these, used as finished floor surfaces in industrial applications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIO

48、NOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrial applications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meet the requirements inSpecification C410 are typically smooth and dense.brick, paving, nbrick made to provide the wearing surface of highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios,

49、 and similarapplications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasive-resistant brick intended for use in drainage structures; see Specification C32.brick, specially-shaped, na brick manufactured to a basic shape of other than a rectangular prism.cells/core holes, ncontinuous openings or perforations within extruded clay products.DISCUSSIONThe extent of permissible openings is specified for each product as the percentage of gross area in the normal bedding surface plane that must be net(solid) area