ASTM C1232-2017 Standard Terminology for Masonry《砌体的标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation: C1232 15aC1232 17Standard Terminology offorMasonry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1232; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates

2、 the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with manufactured masonryunits and masonry constructed with manufac

3、tured masonry units. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standardsdeveloped by Committee C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units.1.2 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific

4、 to clay masonry units, inparticular to Specifications C32, C34, C56, C62, C126, C212, C216, C279, C410, C530, C652, C902, C1088, C1167, C1261,C1272, and C1405, and to Test Methods C67.1.3 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to concrete ma

5、sonry unitsin particular to Specifications C55, C73, C90, C129, C139, C744, C1319, C1372, C1491, C1623, and C1634 and to Test MethodsC140, C426, and C1262.1.4 This standard incorporates terms and definition of terms associated with the standards specific to autoclaved aerated concretemasonry units i

6、n particular to Practice C1692 and to Specifications C1386, C1691, and C1693.1.5 This standard incorporates terms and definitions of terms associated with the standards specific to clay and concrete roofingtile units in particular to Specifications C1167 and C1492 and to Test Methods C1568, C1569, a

7、nd C1570.1.6 For terminology specific to mortar and grout, see Terminology C1180.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides a

8、nd Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C32 Specification for Sewer and Manhole Brick (Made From Clay or Shale)C34 Specification for Structural Clay Loadbearing Wall TileC55 Specification for Conc

9、rete Building BrickC56 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing TileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay TileC73 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lime Brick)C90 Spec

10、ification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC126 Specification for Ceramic Glazed Structural Clay Facing Tile, Facing Brick, and Solid Masonry UnitsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC139 Specification for Concrete Masonry Units for Construction of Catch Basins and Manho

11、lesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made from Clay or Shale)C279 Specification for Chemical-Resistant Masonry Units1 This terminology is under

12、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.08 onTerminology.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015June 1, 2017. Published September 2015July 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2015 asC123

13、2 15.C1232 15a. DOI: 10.1520/C1232-15A.10.1520/C1232-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This

14、document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions

15、 as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un

16、ited States1C410 Specification for Industrial Floor BrickC426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry UnitsC530 Specification for Structural Clay Nonloadbearing Screen TileC652 Specification for Hollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay or Shale)C744 Specification for Pre

17、faced Concrete and Calcium Silicate Masonry UnitsC902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving BrickC936 Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving UnitsC1088 Specification for Thin Veneer Brick Units Made From Clay or ShaleC1167 Specification for Clay Roof TilesC1180 Terminol

18、ogy of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1261 Specification for Firebox Brick for Residential FireplacesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete UnitsC1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving BrickC1319 Specificat

19、ion for Concrete Grid Paving UnitsC1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall UnitsC1386 Specification for Precast Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Wall Construction Units (Withdrawn 2013)3C1405 Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)C1491 Specification for Concrete

20、 Roof PaversC1492 Specification for Concrete Roof TileC1568 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Mechanical Uplift Resistance Method)C1569 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete and Clay Roof Tiles (Wind Tunnel Method)C1570 Test Method for Wind Resistance of Concrete

21、 and Clay Roof Tiles (Air Permeability Method)C1623 Specification for Manufactured Concrete Masonry LintelsC1634 Specification for Concrete Facing BrickC1691 Specification for Unreinforced Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) Masonry UnitsC1692 Practice for Construction and Testing of Autoclaved Aerate

22、d Concrete (AAC) MasonryC1693 Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC)3. Terminology3.1 Generic DefinitionsThe definitions apply to manufactured masonry units and masonry constructed with manufacturedmasonry units. They are generic as used by ASTM Committees C12 and C15.bed surface, n(1)

23、the nonvertical surfaces of a manufactured masonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be joined by mortaror other methods. (2) the in situ nonvertical surfaces of a manufactured masonry unit joined by mortar or other methods.cryptoflorescence, ncrystalline deposit of water-soluble compounds in the

24、 pores of masonry.efflorescence, ncrystalline deposit, usually white, of water-soluble compounds on the surface of masonry.face, exposed, nthe in situ exposed surface(s) of a manufactured masonry unit.face, finished, nany surface(s) of a manufactured masonry unit intended by the manufacturer to be e

25、xposed to view.freeze thaw resistance, nthe ability of masonry to maintain integrity under the forces caused by cyclic action of freezing andthawing in the presence of moisture.frog, nan indentation in a bed surface of a masonry unit. Indentations not exceeding 38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a frog, som

26、etimescalled a panel or panel frog. Indentations exceeding 38 in. (9.5 mm) are termed a deep frog.groove, na channel formed on surfaces other than finished faces of manufactured masonry units for production or constructionpurposes.height, nvertical dimension of the face of a unit when the unit is po

27、sitioned as a stretcher.length, nhorizontal dimension of the face of a unit when the unit is positioned as a stretcher.masonry, nthe type of construction made up of manufactured masonry units laid with mortar, grout, or other methods of joining.nominal dimension, ndimension that is greater than the

28、specified dimension by the thickness of a mortar joint. It is usuallyexpressed as a whole number.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.C1232 172permeable unit pavement system, npavement with a wearing surface consisting ofmade from clay or concrete pav

29、ing units thatallows for the flow infiltration of water through the wearing surface open-graded aggregate in the joints, cores, or other openings,to a bed, base, and subbase, or combinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable unit pavement systems are utilized to reduce stormwater runoff. The system can al

30、so be designed for water storage or harvesting. Permeableunit Permeable pavements have wearing surfaces that allow water flowwith high initial water infiltration through open spaces or joints filled withaggregates to drain water. The base and subbase are typically constructed with open-graded aggreg

31、ates, but can be designed with other materials thatallow sufficient drainage or storage that can accommodate a design storm water into open-graded bedding and base materials. The open spaces in thewearing surface are designed to enable sufficient infiltration rates to handle runoff from designated s

32、torm types (for example, 1 year, 24 hour event).With unit pavers the open spaces can be achieved with exposed coring, a specially-shaped perimeter configuration, or wider joints, or combinationsthereof. Permeable pavement systems can also be made with standard units and a laying pattern or joint wid

33、th that permits sufficient water entry.score, na channel formed for appearance purposes on the finished faces of a manufactured masonry unit.shell, nthe outer walls of a hollow masonry unit. Shell can either be an end shell or a face shell.specified dimensions, ndimensions to which masonry units or

34、constructions are required to conform. Actual (measured)dimensions may differ from the specified dimensions by permissible variations.surface feature, na quality or condition of the face of a manufactured masonry unit.DISCUSSIONSurface features include coatings, colors, textures, relief, or combinat

35、ions of these. A masonry unit may have different surface features on individualfaces.thickness, nthat dimension designed to lie at right angles to the face of the wall, floor, or other assembly.unit, facing, nmanufactured masonry unit designed for use where one or more faces will be exposed and for

36、which thespecification includes requirements on color, finish, and other properties affecting appearance.unit, hollow masonry, nunit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the surface containing cores, cells, or deepfrogs is less than 75 % of its gross cross-sectional area measured

37、in the same plane.unit, manufactured masonry, na manmade noncombustible building product intended to be laid by hand and joined by mortar,grout, or other methods of joining.unit, permeable paving, na manufactured masonry unit for pavement applications configured to achieve a minimum percentageof ope

38、n area in the wearing surface of the pavement by coring, a specially-shaped perimeter, or larger spacer lugs, orcombinations thereof.DISCUSSIONPermeable paving units may be specified under C902 for Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick, C936 for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units,C1272 for

39、 Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick, or C1319 for Concrete Grid Paving Units. Permeable pavement systems can also be made with standardunits and a laying pattern that permits sufficient water entry.unit, solid masonry, nunit whose net cross-sectional area in any plane parallel to the surface containing co

40、res, cells, or deepfrogs is 75 % or more of its gross cross-sectional area measured in the same plane.units placed in usage, nmanufactured masonry units that have been installed in masonry.3.2 Definitions Specific to Clay Masonry Units:absorption, nweight of water picked up by a clay masonry unit du

41、ring immersion at prescribed conditions expressed in relationto the dry weight of the unit.DISCUSSIONTwo conditions of immersion are designated in standards relating to brick: 24 h in room temperature (60 to 86F (15.5 to 30C) water or 5 h in boilingwater. (Different time intervals are specified for

42、structural tile and other products.) The resulting absorptions are termed cold water absorption andboiling water absorption.C1232 173Absorption values are used in brick and tile standards as one factor in classifying these products into durability grades. Absorptions are indicatorsof the extent of f

43、iring during manufacture as well as being indicators of durability.absorption, initial rate of, na measure of the suction of water upward into a dry brick from a bed face during one minute ofexposure.DISCUSSIONInitial rate of absorption (IRA) is a distinct property that offers different information

44、from absorption. It is expressed as grams of water picked up inone minute by a net area of 30 in.2 (194 cm2).Initial rate of absorption is one factor influencing the quality of bond between brick and mortar. It is used in brick standards to recommendconstruction practices for enhancing mortar to bri

45、ck bonding.brick, na solid or hollow masonry unit of clay or shale, usually formed into a rectangular prism, then burned or fired in a kiln;brick is a ceramic product.brick, building, nbrick for load-resisting or other purposes where appearance properties such as texture or color are notimportant (f

46、ormerly called common brick); see Specification C62 and Specification C652.brick, chemical-resistant, nbrick suitable for use in chemical environments where resistance to thermal shock may be aconsideration, usually used in conjunction with chemical-resistant mortars; see Specification C279.brick, f

47、acing, nbrick for general purposes where appearance properties such as color, texture, and chippage are important; seeSpecification C216 and Specification C652.DISCUSSIONFacing brick are produced from selected clays and are available in typical face sizes, various colors, and in various textures.bri

48、ck, firebox, nbrick intended for use as the lining in the fireboxes of residential fireplaces; see Specification C1261.brick, floor, nbrick with physical properties related to resistance to chemicals, thermal and mechanical shock, or absorption, orcombinations of these, used as finished floor surfac

49、es in industrial applications; see Specification C410.DISCUSSIONOther brick are used as flooring in non-industrial applications; see Specification C902. Floor brick manufactured to meet the requirements inSpecification C410 are typically smooth and dense.brick, paving, nbrick made to provide the wearing surface of highways, streets, driveways, walkways, patios, and similarapplications; see Specifications C902 and C1272.brick, sewer, nlow absorption, abrasive-resistant brick intended for use in drainage structures; see Specificatio