ASTM C1233-2009 Standard Practice for Determining Equivalent Boron Contents of Nuclear Materials《核材料中当量硼含量测定的标准实施规范》.pdf

1、Designation: C 1233 09Standard Practice forDetermining Equivalent Boron Contents of NuclearMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1233; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard details a recommended practice for thecalculation of the Equivalent Boron Content (EBC) for nuclearmaterials. The

3、EBC is used to provide a measure of themacroscopic neutron absorption cross section of a nuclearmaterial. EBC factors for the natural elements are determinedfrom their atomic their masses and thermal neutron absorptioncross sections. This practice is illustrated by using EBC factorsthat are based on

4、 thermal neutron (2200 m/s) absorption crosssections. Other EBC factors may be used depending upon theactual neutron energy spectrum.1.2 The EBC is a characteristic of a homogeneous material.Characterization of inhomogeneous materials and calculationof neutron multiplication factors require techniqu

5、es that arebeyond the scope of this practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 696 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, andSpectrochemical Analysis of Nucl

6、ear-Grade Uranium Di-oxide Powders and PelletsC 698 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, andSpectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Mixed Oxides(U, Pu)O2)C 761 Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric,Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and Radiochemical Analysis ofUranium HexafluorideC 799 T

7、est Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric,Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and Radiochemical Analysis ofNuclear-Grade Uranyl Nitrate Solutions3. Methods For EBC Determination3.1 Agreement shall be reached between the buyer andseller as to which elements shall be analyzed for calculation oftheir EBC. It

8、is recommended that B, Cd, Dy, Eu, Sm, and Gdbe included in this calculation. Analytical methods for suchelements shall be those given in Test Methods C 696, C 698,C 761, and C 799 as applicable or as otherwise agreed uponbetween buyer and seller.3.2 The individual EBC values are calculated using th

9、e EBCfactors from Table 1 as follows:EBC of constituent =(EBC factor of constituent)(g of constituent/gofmaterial)where:EBC factor of constituent = (atomic mass of boron)(saofconstituent)/(atomic mass of constituent)(sa of boron), andsa = atomic neutron absorption cross section in barns.The EBC fact

10、ors been calculated using a value of 764 barnsfor the neutron absorption cross section (sa) of boron. Thisvalue may vary in nature according to the isotopic compositionof the elements. If an alternative value is chosen the EBCfactors must be recalculated using the chosen value.3.3 If the concentrati

11、on of any of the elements used in thecalculation is reported as “less than” values, these values shallbe used in calculating the EBC.3.4 A total EBC value, if required, is determined by thesummation of individual EBC values.3.5 Plutonium and uranium have not been included, as theyare fissionable ele

12、ments.3.6 Table 1 includes elements that may provide a negligiblecontribution to the total EBC. In particular, elements with bothsmall concentrations and very small EBC factors (less than2E-4) will generally provide a negligible contribution to theEBC of the material as a whole. Such elements should

13、 beexcluded from determinations of the total EBC.4. Keywords4.1 boron; neutron absorption; nuclear materials; nuclearpoisons1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on NuclearFuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.02 on Fuel andFertile Material Specific

14、ations.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1993. Last previous approved in 2003 as C 1233 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume

15、 information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 Equivalent Boron Content FactorsElement Neutron Absorption Cross SectionA(Barns) at 2200 m/s Atomic

16、 MassBEBC FactorAluminiumC0.231 26.98 1.21E-04Antimony 5.1D121.75 5.93E-04Argon 0.68 39.95 2.41E-04Arsenic 4.5 74.92 8.50E-04BariumC1.2D137.33 1.24E-04BerylliumC0.0076D9.01 1.19E-05BismuthC0.0338 208.98 2.29E-06Boron 764E10.81 1.00E+00Bromine 6.9 79.91 1.22E-03Cadmium 2520 112.41 3.17E-01CalciumC0.4

17、3 40.08 1.52E-04CarbonC0.0035 12.01 4.12E-06CeriumC0.63D140.12 6.36E-05Cesium 29 132.91 3.09E-03Chlorine 33.5 35.45 1.34E-02Chromium 3.07 52.00 8.35E-04Cobalt 37.2 58.93 8.93E-03Copper 3.78 63.54 8.42E-04Dysprosium 940 162.50 8.18E-02Erbium 159.2 167.26 1.35E-02Europium 4565 151.97 4.25E-01FluorineC

18、0.0096D19.00 7.15E-06Gadolinium 48890 157.25 4.40E+004Gallium 2.9 69.72 5.89E-04Germanium 2.3D72.59 4.48E-04Gold 98.65 196.97 7.09E-03Hafnium 104.1 178.49 8.25E-03HeliumC0.0073 4.00 2.58E-05Holmium 64.7 164.93 5.55E-03Hydrogen 0.33 1.01 4.62E-03Indium 193.8D114.82 2.39E-02Iodine 6.2 126.90 6.91E-04I

19、ridium 425.30 192.22 3.13E-02Iron 2.56D55.85 6.49E-04Krypton 25.00 83.80 4.22E-03Lanthanum 8.97D138.91 9.14E-04LeadC0.171 207.2 1.17E-05Lithium 70.6F6.94 1.44E-01Lutetium 76.4 174.97 6.18E-03MagnesiumC0.063 24.31 3.67E-05Manganese 13.3 54.94 3.43E-03Mercury 372.3 200.59 2.63E-02Molybdenum 2.55D95.94

20、 3.76E-04Neodymium 50.5D144.24 4.95E-03NeonC0.039 20.18 2.73E-05Nickel 4.49D58.69 1.08E-03NiobiumC1.15 92.91 1.75E-04Nitrogen 1.90 14.01 1.92E-03Osmium 16.00 190.20 1.19E-03OxygenC0.00019D16.00 1.68E-07Palladium 6.90 106.42 9.17E-04PhosphorusC0.172 30.97 7.86E-05Platinum 10.30 195.08 7.47E-04Potassi

21、um 2.1D39.10 7.60E-04Praseodymium 11.5 140.91 1.15E-03Rhenium 89.70 186.21 6.82E-03Rhodium 145.20 102.91 2.00E-02RubidiumC0.38 85.47 6.29E-05Ruthenium 2.56D101.07 3.58E-04Samarium 5670 150.36 5.34E-01Scandium 27.20 44.96 8.56E-03Selenium 11.70 78.96 2.10E-03SiliconC0.171 28.09 8.61E-05Silver 63.3 10

22、7.87 8.30E-03Sodium 0.53 22.99 3.26E-04Strontium 1.28D87.62 2.07E-04Sulfur 0.52 32.06 2.29E-04Tantalum 20.6 180.95 1.61E-03Tellurium 4.70 127.60 5.21E-04Terbium 23.4 158.92 2.08E-03Thallium 3.43 204.37 2.37E-04Thorium 7.37 232.04 4.49E-04Thulium 105 168.93 8.79E-03Tin 0.626D118.71 7.46E-05C1233092AS

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26、 on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or

27、 at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 ContinuedElement Neutron Absorption Cross SectionA(Barns) at 2200 m/s Atomic MassBEBC FactorTitanium 6.1 47.88 1.80E-03Tungsten 18.4 183.85 1.42E-03Vanadium 5.08 50.94 1.41E-0

28、3Xenon 23.90 131.29 2.58E-03Ytterbium 35.5 173.04 2.90E-03Yttrium 1.28 88.91 2.04E-04Zinc 1.11 65.39 2.40E-04Zirconium 0.185D91.22 2.87E-05ANeutron Cross Sections, Vol 1, Parts A and B, Academic Press, New York, 1981 and 1984, respectively.BHolden, N. E., and Martin, R. L., Pure and Applied Chemistr

29、y, Vol 56, p. 653, 1984.CWhen present in small concentrations, this element should be excluded from determinations of the total EBC.DIn the absence of other data, the neutron capture cross section for a Maxwellian flux is used.ECross section is primarily due to a single isotope, whose isotopic abund

30、ance is variable in nature. The value can vary between 733 and 779 barns depending uponthe source. See Holden, N. E., Neutron Capture Cross Section Standards for BNL-325, Fourth Ed., BNL-NCS-51388, January 1981.FCross section is primarily due to a single isotope, whose isotopic abundance is variable in nature. The value can vary between 69 and 72 barns depending upon thesource. See Holden, N. E., Neutron Capture Cross Section Standards for BNL-325, Fourth Ed., BNL-NCS-51388, January 1981.C1233093