ASTM C125-2009a Standard Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates.pdf

1、Designation: C125 09aStandard Terminology Relating toConcrete and Concrete Aggregates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C125; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This standard is a compilation of general terminologyrelated to

3、 hydraulic cement concrete, concrete aggregates, andother materials used in or with hydraulic cement concrete.1.2 Other terminology under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC09 is included in two specialized standards. Terms relating toconstituents of concrete aggregates are defined in DescriptiveNomencla

4、ture C294. Terms relating to constituents of aggre-gates for radiation-shielding concrete are defined in Descrip-tive Nomenclature C638.1.3 Related terminology for hydraulic cement is included inTerminology C219. Additional related terminology can befound in ACI 116R.1.4 When a term is used in an AS

5、TM standard for whichCommittee C09 is responsible, it is included herein only if usedin more than one Committee C09 standard.1.5 Definitions that are adopted from those published byother ASTM committees or other standards organizations areidentified with the ASTM designation (for example, Terminol-o

6、gy C219) or with the abbreviation of the name of the otherorganization.1.6 A definition in this standard is a statement of themeaning of a word or word group expressed in a singlesentence with additional information included in notes ordiscussion.NOTE 1The subcommittee responsible for this standard

7、will reviewdefinitions on a five-year basis to determine if the definition is stillappropriate as stated. Revisions will be made when determined necessary.The year shown in parentheses at the end of a definition indicates the yearthe definition or revision to the definition was approved. A letter R

8、and ayear indicate when the definition was reviewed. No date indicates the termhas not yet been reviewed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydra

9、ulic-CementConcreteC219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Con-crete AggregatesC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification

10、 for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC638 Descriptive Nomenclature of Constituents of Aggre-gates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Meth

11、od)C1074 Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by theMaturity MethodC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggr

12、egates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.91 on Terminology.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2009. Published February 2010. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C125 09. DOI:10.1520/C0125-09a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w

13、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive

14、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 American Concrete Institute Publications:3308 Practice for Curing Concrete116R Cement and Concrete Terminology3. Terms and Their Definitionsabsorption, nthe process by which a liquid is drawn into andtends to fill permeable pores in

15、a porous solid body; also, theincrease in mass of a porous solid body resulting from thepenetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONIn the case of concrete and concrete aggregates, unlessotherwise stated, the liquid involved is water, the increase in mass isthat which does no

16、t include water adhering to the outside surface, theincrease in mass is expressed as a percentage of the dry mass of thebody and the body is considered to be “dry” when it has been treatedby an appropriate process to remove uncombined water, such as dryingto constant mass at a temperature between 10

17、0 and 110 C.admixture, na material other than water, aggregates, hy-draulic cementitious material, and fiber reinforcement that isused as an ingredient of a cementitious mixture to modify itsfreshly mixed, setting, or hardened properties and that isadded to the batch before or during its mixing. (R

18、2008)accelerating admixture, nadmixture that accelerates thesetting and early strength development of concrete. (C494/C494M)air-entraining admixture, nadmixture that causes the de-velopment of a system of microscopic air bubbles inconcrete or mortar during mixing.chemical admixture, na nonpozzolanic

19、 admixture in theform of a liquid, suspension, or water-soluble solid.mineral admixture, ndeprecated term.DISCUSSIONThis term has been used to refer to different types ofwater insoluble, finely divided materials such as pozzolanic materials,cementitious materials, and aggregate. These materials are

20、not similar,and it is not useful to group them under a single term. The name of thespecific material should be used, for example, use “pozzolan,” “groundgranulated blast-furnace slag,” or “finely divided aggregate,” as isappropriate.retarding admixture, nadmixture that retards the setting ofconcrete

21、. (C494/C494M)water-reducing admixture, nadmixture that either in-creases the slump of freshly mixed mortar or concretewithout increasing the water content or that maintains theslump with a reduced amount of water due to factors otherthan air entrainment.water-reducing admixture, high-range, na wate

22、r-reducingadmixture capable of producing at least 12 % reduction ofwater content when tested in accordance with SpecificationC494/C494M and meeting the other relevant requirementsof Specification C494/C494M.aggregate, ngranular material, such as sand, gravel, crushedstone, or iron blast-furnace slag

23、, used with a cementingmedium to form hydraulic-cement concrete or mortar. (R2008)coarse aggregate, n(1) aggregate predominantly retainedon the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve; or (2) that portion of anaggregate retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied und

24、erdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specification.fine aggregate, n(1) aggregate passing the

25、 9.5-mm (38-in.)sieve and almost entirely passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieveand predominantly retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve; or(2) that portion of an aggregate passing the 4.75-mm (No. 4)sieve and retained on the 75-m (No. 200) sieve.DISCUSSIONThe definitions are alternatives to be applied und

26、erdiffering circumstances. Definition (1) is applied to an entire aggregateeither in a natural condition or after processing. Definition (2) is appliedto a portion of an aggregate. Requirements for properties and gradingshould be stated in the specifications.heavyweight aggregate, nsee high-density

27、aggregate.high-density aggregate, naggregate with relative densitygreater than 3.3, such as: barite, magnetite, limonite, il-menite, iron, or steel.lightweight aggregate, nsee low-density aggregate.low-density aggregate, naggregate with bulk density lessthan 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3), such as: pumice, s

28、coria,volcanic cinders, tuff, and diatomite; expanded or sinteredclay, shale, slate, diatomaceous shale, perlite, vermiculite, orslag; and end products of coal or coke combustion.normal-density aggregate, naggregate that is neither highnor low density.DISCUSSIONThis term refers to aggregate with rel

29、ative densitytypically ranging between 2.4 and 3.0, or with bulk density typicallyranging between 1120 kg/m3(70 lb/ft3) and 1920 kg/m3(120 lb/ft3).normalweight aggregate, nsee normal-density aggregate.air content, nthe volume of air voids in cement paste,mortar, or concrete, exclusive of pore space

30、in aggregateparticles, usually expressed as a percentage of total volumeof the paste, mortar, or concrete. (R 2008)air-cooled blast-furnace slagsee blast-furnace slag, air-cooled.air voidsee void, air.blast-furnace slag, nthe nonmetallic product, consistingessentially of silicates and aluminosilicat

31、es of calcium andother bases, that is developed in a molten condition simul-taneously with iron in a blast furnace. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, air-cooled , nthe material resulting fromsolidification of molten blast-furnace slag under atmosphericconditions; subsequent cooling may be accelerated by a

32、ppli-cation of water to the solidified surface. (R 2008)blast-furnace slag, granulated, nthe glassy, granular mate-rial formed when molten blast-furnace slag is rapidly chilled,as by immersion in water. (R 2008)bleeding, nthe autogenous flow of mixing water within, orits emergence from, newly placed

33、 concrete or mortar causedby the settlement of the solid materials within the mass, alsocalled water gain. (R 2008)bulk density, nof aggregate, the mass of a unit volume ofbulk aggregate material (the unit volume includes thevolume of the individual particles and the volume of the3Available from Ame

34、rican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.C125 09a2voids between the particles). (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis term replaces the deprecated term unit weightofaggregate.bulk specific gravity, nthe ratio of the mass of a volume ofa material (includi

35、ng the permeable and impermeable voidsin the material, but excluding the voids between particles ofthe material) at a stated temperature to the mass of an equalvolume of distilled water at a stated temperature. (R 2008)bulk specific gravity (saturated surface dry), nthe ratio ofthe mass of a volume

36、of a material including the mass ofwater within the pores in the material (but excluding thevoids between particles) at a stated temperature, to the massof an equal volume of distilled water at a stated temperature.(R 2008)cellular concretesee concrete, cellular.cement, hydraulic, na cement that set

37、s and hardens bychemical reaction with water and is capable of doing sounder water. (R 2008)cementitious material (hydraulic), nan inorganic materialor a mixture of inorganic materials that sets and developsstrength by chemical reaction with water by formation ofhydrates and is capable of doing so u

38、nder water. (R 2008)cementitious mixture, na mixture (mortar, concrete, orgrout) containing hydraulic cement. (R 2008)concrete, na composite material that consists essentially ofa binding medium within which are embedded particles orfragments of aggregate; in hydraulic-cement concrete, thebinder is

39、formed from a mixture of hydraulic cement andwater. (R 2008)concrete, cellular, na lightweight hydraulic-cement con-crete having a homogeneous void or cell structure attainedusing gas-forming chemicals or foaming agents. (R 2008)concrete, fresh, nconcrete which possesses enough of itsoriginal workab

40、ility so that it can be placed and consolidatedby the intended methods. (R 2008)concrete, hardened, nconcrete that has developed sufficientstrength to serve some defined purpose or resist a stipulatedloading without failure. (R 2008)concrete, roller-compacted, RCC, nconcrete compactedwhile fresh by

41、a roller, often a vibratory roller. (R 2008)concrete, self-consolidating, SCC, nconcrete that can flowaround reinforcement and consolidate under its own weightwithout additional effort and without exceeding specifiedlimits of segregation. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONProject specifications shall indicate the a

42、cceptable seg-regation based upon a specified test method. Although there currentlyare no ASTM test methods approved to define specified limits ofsegregation, they are under development; also, there are industrymethods available to specifiers.consistency, nof fresh concrete, mortar, or grout, the re

43、lativemobility or ability to flow. (R 2008)DISCUSSIONThis characteristic of fresh cementitious mixtures isdifficult to quantify and empirical test methods have been adopted toprovide indicators of consistency. For example, the slump test de-scribed in Test Method C143/C143M is used for concrete, the

44、 flowtable method described in Test Method C109/C109M is used formortar, and the flow cone method described in Test Method C939 isused for grout.consolidation, nof cementitious mixtures, the process ofincreasing the density of a fresh cementitious mixture in aform, mold, or container by reducing the

45、 volume of voids.(2009)DISCUSSIONExcept for self-consolidating concrete, consolidationis accomplished by inputting mechanical energy, typically by rodding,tamping, tapping, vibration, or some combination of these actions.Specific apparatus and methods for consolidation are defined in therelevant C09

46、 Standards.crushed gravelsee gravel, crushed.crushed stonesee stone, crushed.curing, naction taken to maintain moisture and temperatureconditions in a freshly-placed cementitious mixture to allowhydraulic cement hydration and (if applicable) pozzolanicreactions to occur so that the potential propert

47、ies of themixture may develop (see ACI 308). (R 2008)curing compound, na liquid that, when applied as a coatingto the surface of newly-placed concrete, forms a membranethat retards the evaporation of water and, in the case of whitepigmented compounds, reflects heat (see also curing). (R2008)D-cracki

48、ng, nin concrete, a series of cracks near to androughly parallel to features such as joints, edges, andstructural cracks.density, nmass per unit volume (preferred over deprecatedterm unit weight).elongated piece (of aggregate), na particle of aggregate forwhich the ratio of the length to width of it

49、s circumscribingrectangular prism is greater than a specified value (see alsoflat piece (of aggregate).entrained airsee void, air.entrapped airsee void, air.expanded blast-furnace slag, nthe lightweight cellularmaterial obtained by controlled processing of molten blast-furnace slag with water or water and other agents, such assteam or compressed air or both.fibers, nslender filaments, which may be discrete or in theform of bundles, networks, or strands of natural or manu-factured materials, which can be distribute