1、Designation: C 127 07Standard Test Method forDensity, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorptionof Coarse Aggregate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method cover
3、s the determination of the averagedensity of a quantity of coarse aggregate particles (not includ-ing the volume of voids between the particles), the relativedensity (specific gravity), and the absorption of the coarseaggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density(kg/m3(lb/ft3) is expressed
4、 as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relativedensity (specific gravity), a dimensionless quantity, is ex-pressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparentspecific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density aredetermined after drying the
5、aggregate. The SSD density, SSDrelative density, and absorption are determined after soakingthe aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of theessentially solid portion of a large number of aggregateparticles and provides an average value rep
6、resenting thesample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregateparticles as determined by this test method, and the bulkdensity of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between theparticles of aggregates.1.3 This test method is not intended
7、to be used withlightweight aggregates.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard for conducting the tests. The test results for densityshall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, asappropriate for the use to be made of the results.1.5 The text of this test meth
8、od references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. I
9、t is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 29/C 29M Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”)and Voids in AggregateC
10、125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC 566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Contentof Aggregate by Drying
11、C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate toTesting SizeD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road andBridge ConstructionE11 Specification for Wir
12、e Cloth and Sieves for TestingPurposes2.2 AASHTO Standard:AASHTO No. T 85 Specific Gravity and Absorption ofCoarse Aggregate33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 absorption, nthe increase in mass of aggregate dueto water penetration into the pores of the particles during a1This test method is under t
13、he jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originallyapproved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 127 04.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and Tra
15、nsportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pre
16、scribed period of time, but not including water adhering tothe outside surface of the particles, expressed as a percentageof the dry mass.3.1.2 oven-dry (OD), adjrelated to aggregate particles,the condition in which the aggregates have been dried byheating in an oven at 110 6 5 C for sufficient time
17、 to reach aconstant mass.3.1.3 saturated-surface-dry (SSD), adjrelated to aggre-gate particles, the condition in which the permeable pores ofaggregate particle are filled with water to the extent achievedby submerging in water for the prescribed period of time, butwithout free water on the surface o
18、f the particles.3.1.4 density, nthe mass per unit volume of a material,expressed as kilograms per cubic metre (pounds per cubicfoot).3.1.4.1 density (OD), nthe mass of oven dry aggregate perunit volume of aggregate particles, including the volume ofpermeable and impermeable pores within the particle
19、s, but notincluding the voids between the particles.3.1.4.2 density (SSD), nthe mass of saturated-surface-dryaggregate per unit volume of the aggregate particles, includingthe volume of impermeable pores and permeable, water-filledpores within the particles, but not including the voids betweenthe pa
20、rticles.3.1.4.3 apparent density, nthe mass per unit volume of theimpermeable portion of the aggregate particles.3.1.5 relative density (specific gravity), nthe ratio of thedensity of a material to the density of distilled water at a statedtemperature; the values are dimensionless.3.1.5.1 relative d
21、ensity (specific gravity) (OD), nthe ratioof the density (OD) of the aggregate to the density of distilledwater at a stated temperature.3.1.5.2 relative density (specific gravity) (SSD), nthe ratioof the density (SSD) of the aggregate to the density of distilledwater at a stated temperature.3.1.5.3
22、apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity),nthe ratio of the apparent density of aggregate to the densityof distilled water at a stated temperature.3.1.6 For definitions of other terms related to aggregates,see Terminology C 125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of aggregate is immers
23、ed in water for 24 6 4h to essentially fill the pores. It is then removed from the water,the water dried from the surface of the particles, and the massdetermined. Subsequently, the volume of the sample is deter-mined by the displacement of water method. Finally, thesample is oven-dried and the mass
24、 determined. Using the massvalues thus obtained and formulas in this test method, it ispossible to calculate density, relative density (specific gravity),and absorption.5. Significance and Use5.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristicgenerally used for calculation of the volume oc
25、cupied by theaggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, includingportland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and othermixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolutevolume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used inthe computation of voids in aggregate in Test Me
26、thod C 29/C 29M. Relative density (specific gravity) (SSD) is used if theaggregate is wet, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied.Conversely, the relative density (specific gravity) (OD) is usedfor computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to bedry.5.2 Apparent density and apparent re
27、lative density (apparentspecific gravity) pertain to the solid material making up theconstituent particles not including the pore space within theparticles which is accessible to water.5.3 Absorption values are used to calculate the change in themass of an aggregate due to water absorbed in the pore
28、 spaceswithin the constituent particles, compared to the dry condition,when it is deemed that the aggregate has been in contact withwater long enough to satisfy most of the absorption potential.The laboratory standard for absorption is that obtained aftersubmerging dry aggregate for a prescribed per
29、iod of time.Aggregates mined from below the water table commonly havea moisture content greater than the absorption determined bythis test method, if used without opportunity to dry prior to use.Conversely, some aggregates which have not been continu-ously maintained in a moist condition until used
30、are likely tocontain an amount of absorbed moisture less than the 24-hsoaked condition. For an aggregate that has been in contactwith water and that has free moisture on the particle surfaces,the percentage of free moisture is determined by deducting theabsorption from the total moisture content det
31、ermined by TestMethod C 566.5.4 The general procedures described in this test method aresuitable for determining the absorption of aggregates that havehad conditioning other than the 24-h soak, such as boilingwater or vacuum saturation. The values obtained for absorptionby other test methods will be
32、 different than the values obtainedby the prescribed soaking, as will the relative density (specificgravity) (SSD).5.5 The pores in lightweight aggregates are not necessarilyfilled with water after immersion for 24 h. In fact, theabsorption potential for many such aggregates is not satisfiedafter se
33、veral days immersion in water. Therefore, this testmethod is not intended for use with lightweight aggregate.6. Apparatus6.1 BalanceA device for determining mass that is sensi-tive, readable, and accurate to 0.05 % of the sample mass atany point within the range used for this test, or 0.5 g,whicheve
34、r is greater. The balance shall be equipped withsuitable apparatus for suspending the sample container in waterfrom the center of the platform or pan of the balance.6.2 Sample ContainerA wire basket of 3.35 mm (No. 6)or finer mesh, or a bucket of approximately equal breadth andheight, with a capacit
35、y of 4 to 7 L for 37.5-mm (112-in.)nominal maximum size aggregate or smaller, and a largercontainer as needed for testing larger maximum size aggregate.The container shall be constructed so as to prevent trapping airwhen the container is submerged.6.3 Water TankA watertight tank into which the sampl
36、econtainer is placed while suspended below the balance.6.4 SievesA 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve or other sizes asneeded (see 7.2-7.4), conforming to Specification E11.C1270726.5 OvenAn oven of sufficient size, capable of maintain-ing a uniform temperature of 110 6 5 C (230 6 9 F).7. Sampling7.1 Sample the
37、aggregate in accordance with Practice D75.7.2 Thoroughly mix the sample of aggregate and reduce it tothe approximate quantity needed using the applicable proce-dures in Practice C 702. Reject all material passing a 4.75-mm(No. 4) sieve by dry sieving and thoroughly washing to removedust or other coa
38、tings from the surface. If the coarse aggregatecontains a substantial quantity of material finer than the4.75-mm sieve (such as for Size No. 8 and 9 aggregates inClassification D 448), use the 2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve in placeof the 4.75-mm sieve. Alternatively, separate the material finerthan the 4.75
39、mm sieve and test the finer material according toTest Method C 128.NOTE 1If aggregates smaller than 4.75 mm (No. 4) are used in thesample, check to ensure that the size of the openings in the samplecontainer is smaller than the minimum size aggregate.7.3 The minimum mass of test sample to be used i
40、s given asfollows. Testing the coarse aggregate in several size fractions ispermitted. If the sample contains more than 15 % retained onthe 37.5-mm (112-in.) sieve, test the material larger than 37.5mm in one or more size fractions separately from the smallersize fractions. When an aggregate is test
41、ed in separate sizefractions, the minimum mass of test sample for each fractionshall be the difference between the masses prescribed for themaximum and minimum sizes of the fraction.Nominal Maximum Size,mm (in.)Minimum Mass of TestSample, kg (lb)12.5 (12) or less 2 (4.4)19.0 (34) 3 (6.6)25.0 (1) 4 (
42、8.8)37.5 (112)51)50 (2) 8 (18)63 (212) 12 (26)75 (3) 18 (40)90 (312) 25 (55)100 (4) 40 (88)125 (5) 75 (165)7.4 If the sample is tested in two or more size fractions,determine the grading of the sample in accordance with TestMethod C 136, including the sieves used for separating the sizefractions for
43、 the determinations in this method. In calculatingthe percentage of material in each size fraction, ignore thequantity of material finer than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve (or2.36-mm (No. 8) sieve when that sieve is used in accordancewith 7.2).NOTE 2When testing coarse aggregate of large nominal maximum
44、size requiring large test samples, it may be more convenient to perform thetest on two or more subsamples, and the values obtained combined for thecomputations described in Section 9.8. Procedure8.1 Dry the test sample in the oven to constant mass at atemperature of 110 6 5 C, cool in air at room te
45、mperature for1 to 3 h for test samples of 37.5-mm (112-in.) nominalmaximum size, or longer for larger sizes until the aggregate hascooled to a temperature that is comfortable to handle (approxi-mately 50 C). Subsequently immerse the aggregate in water atroom temperature for a period of 24 6 4h.8.2 W
46、here the absorption and relative density (specificgravity) values are to be used in proportioning concretemixtures in which the aggregates will be in their naturallymoist condition, the requirement in 8.1 for initial drying isoptional, and, if the surfaces of the particles in the sample havebeen kep
47、t continuously wet until tested, the requirement in 8.1for 24 6 4 h soaking is also optional.NOTE 3Values for absorption and relative density (specific gravity)(SSD) may be significantly higher for aggregate not oven dried beforesoaking than for the same aggregate treated in accordance with 8.1. Thi
48、sis especially true of particles larger than 75 mm since the water may notbe able to penetrate the pores to the center of the particle in the prescribedsoaking period.8.3 Remove the test sample from the water and roll it in alarge absorbent cloth until all visible films of water areremoved. Wipe the
49、 larger particles individually. A movingstream of air is permitted to assist in the drying operation. Takecare to avoid evaporation of water from aggregate pores duringthe surface-drying operation. Determine the mass of the testsample in the saturated surface-dry condition. Record this andall subsequent masses to the nearest 0.5 g or 0.05 % of thesample mass, whichever is greater.8.4 After determining the mass in air, immediately place thesaturated-surface-dry test sample in the sample container anddetermine its apparent mass in water at 23 6 2.0 C.
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