1、Designation: C1314 16Standard Test Method forCompressive Strength of Masonry Prisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1314; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for masonry prismconstruction and testing, and procedures for determining thecompressive strength of masonry,
3、fmt, used to determinecompliance with the specified compressive strength ofmasonry, fm. When this test method is used for researchpurposes, the construction and test procedures within serve asa guideline and provide control parameters.1.2 This test method also covers procedures for determiningthe co
4、mpressive strength of prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This s
5、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.
6、1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and CoarseAggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC144
7、Specification for Aggregate for Masonry MortarC270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC476 Specification for Grout for MasonryC780 Test Method for Preconstruction and ConstructionEvaluation of Mortars for Plain and Reinforced UnitMasonryC1019 Test Method for Sampling and Testing GroutC1093 Pra
8、ctice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1532 Practice for Selection, Removal, and Shipment ofManufactured Masonry Units and Masonry Specimensfrom Existing ConstructionC1552 Practice for Capping Concrete
9、Masonry Units, Re-lated Units and Masonry Prisms for Compression TestingC1587 Practice for Preparation of Field Removed Manufac-tured Masonry Units and Masonry Specimens for TestingE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus,and Chord Modul
10、us3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, referto Terminologies C1180 and C1232.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 seta set consists of at least three prisms constructedof the same material and tested at the same age.3.3 Notations:
11、3.3.1 fmspecified compressive strength of masonry.3.3.2 fmtcompressive strength of masonry.3.3.3 hpprism height.3.3.4 tpleast actual lateral dimension of prism.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means of verifying thatmasonry materials used in construction result in masonry thatm
12、eets the specified compressive strength.4.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating com-pressive strength characteristics of in-place masonry construc-tion through testing of prisms obtained from that constructionwhen sampled in accordance with Practice C1532. Decisionsmade in preparing such
13、 field-removed prisms for testing,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.04 on Research.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 1995. Last previous ed
14、ition approved in 2014 as C1314 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1314-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A
15、Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1determining the net area, and interpreting the results ofcompression tests require professional judgment.4.3 If this test me
16、thod is used as a guideline for performingresearch to determine the effects of various prism constructionor test parameters on the compressive strength of masonry,deviations from this test method shall be reported. Suchresearch prisms shall not be used to verify compliance with aspecified compressiv
17、e strength of masonry.NOTE 1The testing laboratory performing this test method should beevaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.4.3.1 Appendix X2 includes guidance information for theresearcher on aspects of materials, construction, and analysis.5. Masonry Prism Construction5.1 Construct prisms
18、of units representative of those used inthe construction. If units have projections (see Note 2) thatproject12 in. (12.5 mm) or more, remove those projections bysaw cutting flush with the surface of the unit at the base of theprojection. The resulting units shall be a fully enclosed cell orcells tha
19、t will ensure a full bearing surface over the netcross-section of the prism. If saw cutting will not result in afully enclosed cell or cells, use full-size units, and, if grout isused, grout in accordance with 5.9.4. If prisms are used forfield quality control or assurance, record the location in th
20、estructure that corresponds to the set of prisms constructed.NOTE 2Examples of projections include flutes, ribs, and face shells ofopen-ended units.NOTE 3Building codes or project specifications may require a set ofprisms for a given square footage of construction. Recording the locationof the struc
21、ture that corresponds to a set of prisms allows the test resultsto be attributed to a particular portion of the structure.5.2 Construct a set of prisms for each combination ofmaterials and each test age at which the compressive strengthof masonry is to be determined.5.3 Build each prism in an opened
22、, moisture-tight bag largeenough to enclose and seal the completed prism. Constructprisms on a flat, level base. Construct prisms in a locationwhere they will remain undisturbed until transported fortesting.5.4 Construct prisms as shown in Fig. 1 with units laid instack bond in stretcher position. O
23、rient units in the prism as inthe corresponding construction. At the time of prismconstruction, the surfaces of the units shall be free of moisture.Where the corresponding construction is of multi-wythe ma-sonry having wythes composed of different units or mortar,build prisms representative of each
24、different wythe and testseparately.5.5 Build prisms with full-size or reduced length units. Anyrequired saw cutting shall be performed on units prior to prismconstruction. The moisture content(s) of units used to constructprisms shall be representative of those used in construction.Prisms composed o
25、f units that contain closed cells shall have atleast one complete cell with one full-width cross web on eitherend (see Fig. 2). Prisms composed of units without closed cellsshall have as symmetrical a cross section as possible. Theminimum length of prisms shall be 4 in. (100 mm).NOTE 4When using lar
26、ger masonry units, experience has shown thatreducing the length of these units prior to prism construction makes theirhandling and transportation easier. Thus, these reduced length unit prismsare less likely to be damaged and are more likely to be properly cappedand tested. Also, the smaller prism w
27、ill be less likely to be affected byplate bending effects during testing, as described in Note 11, and willtherefore provide a more accurate assessment of the strength of thematerials in the masonry prism. For these reasons, the use of reducedlength prisms is encouraged.5.6 Build masonry prisms with
28、 full mortar beds (mortar allwebs and face shells of hollow units). Use mortar representa-tive of that used in the corresponding construction. Use mortarjoint thickness and a method of positioning and aligning units,that are representative of the corresponding construction. Usemortar joints that are
29、 cut flush. For prisms to be grouted,remove mortar “fins” that protrude into the grout space.5.7 Build prisms a minimum of two units high with aheight-to-thickness ratio, hp/tp, between 1.3 and 5.0.5.8 Immediately following the construction of the prism,seal the moisture-tight bag around the prism.5
30、.9 Grouted Prisms.5.9.1 When prisms are fabricated for field quality control orassurance, build prisms at the same time as the correspondingconstruction, and grout prisms when the corresponding con-struction is being grouted. When prisms are used for otherpurposes, grout prisms not less than 4 h nor
31、 more than 48 hfollowing the construction of the prisms.NOTE 5Testing of prisms may be part of a projects field qualitycontrol or assurance program. These prisms are intended to be represen-tative of a constructed masonry element such as a wall, column, pilaster,or beam. They are built as companions
32、 to the masonry element at a jobsitewhere the masonry element is site-constructed, or within a factory or shopwhere the element is shop-built. Prisms may also be fabricated in aFIG. 1 Masonry Prism ConstructionC1314 162laboratory for research purposes.5.9.2 Where the corresponding construction is to
33、 be solidlygrouted, solidly grout the prisms. Use grout representative ofthat used in the corresponding construction. Before placinggrout, remove mortar droppings from the grout space. Usegrout consolidation and reconsolidation procedures represen-tative of those used in the construction. Place addi
34、tional groutinto the prisms as necessary after each consolidation. Screedoff excess and finish the grout so that it is level with the top ofthe prism and in contact with the units at the perimeter of thegrout space. Grouted prisms shall contain no reinforcement.5.9.3 Where the corresponding construc
35、tion is to be par-tially grouted, construct two sets of prisms; grout one set solidas described in 5.9.2 and leave the other set ungrouted.5.9.4 If open-end units or prisms containing grout betweensimilar wythes are to be grouted, use a rigid impermeablematerial as a form to confine the grout during
36、 placement on allends that are open (see Note 6). Brace forms to preventdisplacement during grouting. Grout as described in 5.9.2.NOTE 6Satisfactory performance of forming material has beenachieved using wood covered with plastic, steel plates, or pieces of rigidacrylic and strapped or clamped in pl
37、ace. Use of impermeable material ismore representative of actual construction, if grouted open ends are not incontact with webs of adjacent units.5.9.5 Immediately following the grouting operation, resealthe moisture-tight bag around the prism.5.10 Keep all prisms from freezing. Do not disturb or mo
38、veprisms for the first 48 h after construction and grouting. Keepprisms in the moisture-tight bags until 48 h prior to testing.5.11 Store an indicating maximum-minimum thermometerwith the sample and record the maximum and minimumtemperatures experienced during the initial 48-h period.6. Obtaining an
39、d Transporting Masonry Prisms6.1 For field-removed masonry specimens, select and re-move specimens in accordance with Practice C1532.6.2 Prior to transporting constructed prisms and field-removed masonry specimens, strap or clamp each prism orspecimen to prevent damage during handling and transporta
40、-tion. Secure prisms and specimens to prevent jarring,bouncing, or tipping over during transporting.6.3 Transport prisms and masonry specimens in accordancewith Practice C1532.6.4 For field-removed masonry specimens, after the speci-mens have been transported to the laboratory, obtain prismsfrom the
41、 masonry specimens using procedures outlined inPractice C1587.7. Curing7.1 After the initial 48 h of curing for constructed prisms,maintain the bagged prisms in an area with a temperature of75 6 15F (24 6 8C). Two days prior to testing, remove themoisture-tight bags and continue storing at a tempera
42、ture of75 6 15F (24 6 8C) and a relative humidity less than 80 %.7.2 For prisms obtained from field-removed masonry, storewithin the laboratory at a temperature of 75 6 15F (24 6 8C)and a relative humidity less than 80 % for at least two daysprior to testing.7.3 Prisms shall not be oven-dried or oth
43、erwise exposed totemperatures exceeding storage temperature requirements atany time prior to testing.7.4 Visible moisture shall not be present on the surface ofthe prisms at the time of testing. Extend storage time as neededto ensure dry surface conditions of the prisms at the time oftesting.7.5 Tes
44、t prisms at an age of 28 days or at the designated testages. Test a set of prisms at each age. Prism age shall bedetermined from the time of laying units for ungrouted prisms,and from the time of grouting for grouted prisms.8. Measurements and Determination of Net Area8.1 Measuring PrismsAs shown in
45、 Fig. 3, measure theFIG. 2 Reduction of Hollow Units Prior to Prism ConstructionFIG. 3 Prism Measurement LocationC1314 163length and width at the edges of the top and bottom faces of theprisms to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm). Determine the length andwidth by averaging the four measurements of each di
46、mension.Measure the height of the prism at the center of each face to thenearest 0.05 in. (1 mm). Determine the height by averaging thefour measurements.8.1.1 For prisms obtained from field-removed masonryspecimens, perform additional measurements as needed todocument the condition and dimensions of
47、 the specimen.NOTE 7Prisms obtained from field-removed masonry specimens willhave many different sizes, shapes, and configurations. These variations area result of differing bonding arrangements, mortaring or joining practices,presence of reinforcement and other accessories in conjunction with thema
48、sonry in service, and of techniques used to remove the specimens fromwall assemblies. These variations may create non-uniform prism dimen-sions along its length or in its cross-section. As such, additional measure-ments are often required to adequately document the condition of theprism and to commu
49、nicate that condition to readers of the test report.8.2 Net Cross-Sectional Area:8.2.1 Constructed PrismsTake the net cross-sectional areaof ungrouted prisms as the net cross-sectional area of masonryunits, determined from a representative sample of additionalunits tested in accordance with Test Methods C140 for concretemasonry and with Test Methods C67 for clay masonry. If cutunits are used for prism construction, determine the netcross-sectional area from additional units cut in a similarmanner. Determine net cross-sectional area of fully groutedprisms b
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