1、Designation: C 134 95 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forSize, Dimensional Measurements, and Bulk Density ofRefractory Brick and Insulating Firebrick1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 134; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for measuring size,dimensional measu
3、rement, bulk density, warpage, and square-ness of rectangular dense refractory brick and rectangularinsulating firebrick. More precise determination of bulk densityof refractory brick can be made by Test Methods C20. Stackheight is generally determined only for dense refractories.NOTE 1Test Methods
4、C 830 and Test Method C 914 are also used todetermine bulk density of refractory brick, by different procedures.1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:SectionsSize and Bulk Density 4 through 7Warpage of Refractory Brick 8 through 10Squareness of Refractory Brick 11 through 141.3 The valu
5、es stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with
6、its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorp-tion, Apparent S
7、pecific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofBurned Refractory Brick and Shapes by Boiling WaterC 830 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Liquid Absorp-tion, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density ofRefractory Shapes by Vacuum PressureC 914 Test Method for Bulk Density and Volume of SolidRefractories by
8、 Wax Immersion3. Significance and Use3.1 Refractory brick are used as modular units in furnaceconstruction and should not deviate significantly from theintended configuration with respect to size, bulk density, flatsurfaces, and right angles. These test methods are particularlysuited for use under f
9、ield conditions and provide a means todetermine whether the brick meets the requirements considerednecessary to assure a satisfactory refractory construction.SIZE AND BULK DENSITY4. Apparatus4.1 Rule, steel, hook, 12 in. (305 mm) in length, graduatedin 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions, for use in measuri
10、ng individualbrick. The rule has a rigid hardened steel hook consisting of aright-angled piece on one end to fix the zero point of the scaleagainst one face of the brick. The hook is about14 in. (6 mm)in width and extends about14 in. beyond the back face or,preferably, the edge of the rule.4.2 Rule,
11、 stiff steel, hook, 36 in. (914 mm) in length,graduated from each end in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions, for usein measuring stack height and the larger individual brick. The36-in. rule has the same design as the 12-in (305-mm) rule.NOTE 2Check the hook rules periodically to determine that they havenot
12、 become worn or distorted in use. Other measuring equipment may beused, provided the results are at least as accurate as those obtained withthe hook rule.4.3 Weighing Scale, having a capacity of 20 lb (9 kg) ormore and a sensitivity under load of at least 0.01 lb (4.5 g).5. Sampling5.1 A sample cons
13、ists of ten brick selected at random.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 onRefractories and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on PhysicalProperties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1938. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 1999 as C 134 95 (1999).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright
15、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Preparation of SpecimensRemove any blisters or finsfrom the specimens by lightly rubbing them together. Omit thisstep in the case of insulating firebrick.6. Procedure6.1 Length and WidthMeasur
16、e the length and width ofeach of the ten specimens across the middle of each of the facesof largest area to the nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm). Make andrecord the individual measurements of the two opposite facesof each specimen.6.2 ThicknessDetermine the thickness of insulating fire-brick and record in
17、the same manner as the length and width,as indicated in 6.1. Make the thickness measurements at thecenters of the longer sides of the brick. Determine the thicknessof dense refractory brick in the same manner or, when requiredby specification, calculate the average thickness from the stackheight det
18、ermined as in 6.3.6.3 Stack HeightStack the ten specimens vertically on aplane surface with their faces of largest area together to form asmooth column, without regard to the position of any brandmarks on the specimens. Measure the height of the stack to thenearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) from the plane s
19、urface to the top ofthe stack at the center of each side. Record the individualmeasurements of the four sides of the stack.6.4 WeightDry at 230F (110C), cool, and weigh each ofthe specimens to the nearest 0.01 lb (4.5 g), and record theweight.7. Calculation and Report7.1 SizeReport the individual me
20、asurements and the cal-culated average for the two individual measurements forlength, width, and thickness for each specimen.7.2 Stack Height and Average ThicknessReport the indi-vidual measurements and the calculated stack height as theaverage of the individual measurements of the four sides of the
21、stack if required. Report “average thickness by stack height” asthe average stack height divided by ten. For bricks over 312 in.(89 mm) in thickness, report the average thickness of theindividual specimens.7.3 Bulk DensityCalculate and report the bulk density foreach specimen, using Eq 1 or Eq 2 as
22、appropriate and theaverage dimensions obtained in accordance with 7.1 and theweight obtained in accordance with 6.4.lb/ft3!B 5d 3 1728/l 3 w 3 t! (1)orB 5 d/l 3 w 3 t! (2)where:B = bulk density, lb/ft3(g/cc),d = dry weight, lb (g),l = length, in. (mm),w = width, in. (mm), andt = thickness, in. (mm).
23、WARPAGE OF REFRACTORY BRICK8. Apparatus8.1 Steel Straightedge, stiff, having sufficient length to spanthe diagonal of the largest shape to be measured, and graduatedin 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions.8.2 Measuring Wedges, two, steel, 2.5-in. (64-mm) long by0.5 in. (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one en
24、d, and taperedfrom a line 0.5 in. from one end to zero thickness at the otherend. The wedge shall be graduated and numbered along theslope to show the thickness of the wedge between base AB andslope AC in 0.02-in. (0.5-mm) divisions (Fig. 1).8.2.1 Similar Wedges, of equivalent size and slope (that i
25、s,rising 1 mm vertically for each 4 mm horizontally), andgraduated along the slope to show the thickness of the wedgebetween base AB and the slope AC in SI units may beemployed in conjunction with a straightedge calibrated in SIunits.9. Procedure9.1 Measuring a Concave Surface:9.1.1 Measure and reco
26、rd the length of the diagonal of aconcave surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with thegraduated straightedge. Place the straightedge across the di-agonal. Insert the wedge (Fig. 2) at the point of maximumwarpage, and record the maximum obtainable reading to thenearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).9.1.2 Repea
27、t the procedure in 9.1.1 for the other diagonal.9.2 Measuring a Convex Surface:9.2.1 Measure and record the length of the diagonal of aconvex surface to the nearest 0.1 in. (3 mm) with a caliper orhook rule. Place the straightedge across the diagonal, and insertone wedge at each end of the straighte
28、dge (Fig. 3). Adjust thewedges so that equal readings are obtained on each, makingcertain that the straightedge is in contact with the brick surfaceat the point of maximum convexity. Record the reading to thenearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).9.2.2 Repeat the procedure in 9.2.1 for the other diagonal.9.2.3 A
29、lternatively, set the shape on its convex surface, on aplane surface, and insert one wedge at each end of a diagonalNOTESI Equivalents (Dimensions are in inchs.)in. mm0.52.51364FIG. 1 Measuring WedgeC 134 95 (2005)2until each wedge is in contact with the diagonal (Fig. 4).Adjustuntil equal readings
30、are obtained on each wedge, makingcertain that contact is maintained at the vertices of the diagonaland at the point of maximum convexity. Record the reading tothe nearest 0.02 in. (0.5 mm).9.2.4 Repeat the procedure in 9.2.3 for the other diagonal.10. Calculation and Report10.1 Calculate the percen
31、t warpage for each of the diagonalpositions using Eq 3:W 5 R/D! 3 100 (3)where:W = warpage, %,R = wedge reading, in. (mm), andD = length of diagonal, in. (mm).10.2 Consider the larger of the warpage figures as that of thespecimen. Report the warpage values for the individual speci-mens to two signif
32、icant figures.SQUARENESS OF REFRACTORY BRICK11. Apparatus11.1 Metal Plate, 24 by 24 by 1-in. (610 by 610 by 25 mm)thick, with one surface ground to a flatness of 60.005 in. (0.13mm), or an equivalent abrasion-resistant flat surface.11.2 Precision Square, 12 by 9 in. (305 by 229 mm).11.3 Measuring We
33、dge, steel, 2.5 in. (64 mm) long by 0.5in. (13 mm) wide by 0.5 in. thick at one end, and tapered froma line 0.5 in. at one end to zero thickness at the other end. Thewedge shall be graduated and numbered along the slope toshow the thickness of the wedge between base AB and slopeAC in 0.02 in. (0.5 m
34、m) divisions (Fig. 1).12. Procedure12.1 Place the test specimen on the metal plate so that itrests securely on a width face (Fig. 5).12.2 Abut the square at about midpoint of the long dimen-sion.12.3 Insert the steel wedge at the point of maximumdeparture between the square and brick surface (Fig. 5
35、).12.4 Read and record the deviation to the nearest 0.02 in.(0.5 mm).12.5 Repeat the procedures in 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4 for theopposite vertical face and each end.12.6 Reposition the specimen to rest securely on a thicknessface.12.7 Repeat the procedures in 12.2, 12.3, and 12.4 for bothmajor vertica
36、l faces and each end.13. Report13.1 Report the following:13.1.1 Brick brand and nominal size.13.1.2 Individual deviation obtained from each measuredface for each specimen in the sampling.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Precision:14.1.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was conducted by
37、six laboratories on ten specimensusing two replications and two duplicate runs on the samespecimen. The specimens were stiff mud extruded and pressedsuper duty brick.14.1.2 RepeatabilityThe maximum permissible differencedue to test error between two test results obtained by oneoperator on the same m
38、aterial is given by the repeatabilityinterval and the relative repeatability interval (coefficient ofvariation). The 95% repeatbility intervals are given in Table 1.Two test results that do not differ by more than the repeatabilityinterval will be considered the same, and, conversely, two testresult
39、s that do differ by more than the repeatability interval willbe considered different.14.1.3 ReproducibilityThe maximum permissible differ-ence due to test error between two test results obtained by twooperators in different laboratories on the same type of materialusing the same type of test equipme
40、nt is given by thereproducibility interval and relative reproducibility interval(coefficient of variation). The 95% reproducibility intervals aregiven in Table 1. Two test results that do not differ by morethan the reproducibility interval will be considered the sameand, conversely, two test results
41、 that do differ by more than thereproducibility interval will be considered different.14.2 BiasNo justifiable bias statement is possible sincethe true values of the properties of the reference material arenot defined.FIG. 2 Method of Measuring Warpage of a Concave SurfaceFIG. 3 Method of Measuring W
42、arpage of a Convex SurfaceFIG. 4 Alternative Method of Measuring Warpage of a ConvexSurfaceC 134 95 (2005)315. Keywords15.1 bulk density; dimension; insulating firebrick; refracto-ries; size; squareness; warpageASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserte
43、d in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by th
44、e responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
45、careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Internat
46、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through t
47、he ASTM website(www.astm.org).AWidth faceBThickness faceCEnd faceFIG. 5 Method of Measuring SquarenessTABLE 1 Precision StatisticsPrecision Data Relative Precision DataAttribute Average,in.Std.DeviationwithinLab SrStd. DeviationbetweenLab SRRepeat-abilityIntervalReproduc-ibilityInterval RWithinLab V
48、rBetweenLab VRRelativeRepeatability,%rRelativeReproducibility,%RLength 8.941 0.007 0.01 0.017 0.028 0.072 0.11 0.199 0.308Width 4.356 0.007 0.011 0.017 0.027 0.135 0.227 0.38 0.631Thickness 2.96 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.020 0.25 0.56 0.69Diagonal Warpage 0.265 0.079 0.124 0.22 0.348 30.099 52.529 84.27
49、7 147.08Squareness of Width 0.022 0.011 0.015 0.035 0.043 69.39 84.731 194.29 237.247Squareness MaxDeviation Midpoint ofLength0.04 0.018 0.019 0.053 0.056 50.043 53.23 140.121 149.045Squareness MaxDeviation Midpoint ofThickness0.032 0.012 0.012 0.032 0.039 36.413 44.168 101.96 123.67Squareness MaxDeviation Midpoint ofWidth0.034 0.01 0.011 0.027 0.034 29.549 36.674 82.736 99.8910 High Stack Oriented 29.83 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.1 0.05 0.12 0.14 0.3510 High Stack Random 29.83 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.9 0.07 0.11 0.19 0.30Bulk Density Poundsper Cubic Foot138.036 0.427 0.
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