1、Designation: C1353/C1353M 15C1353/C1353M 15aStandard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to FootTraffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1353/C1353M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of
2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the establishment of an index of ab
3、rasion resistance by determination of loss of volume resultingfrom abrasion of dimension stone as described in Terminology C119 and is based on Guide G195.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may
4、not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe formula for calculation of the result of this test method relies on the use of SI units; all measurements
5、of weight in this test method shall be recorded in SI units.1.2.2 ExceptionAs the equipment used in this test method was designed and initially fabricated using dimensions ininch-pound units, the values of equipment dimensions stated in SI units have been given as exact conversions to the nearest 0.
6、1mm.1.3 This test method uses a rotary platform abraser to determine the loss in volume of dimension stone caused by abrasion undercontrolled conditions.1.4 This test method is useful in indicating the differences in abrasion resistance between the various dimension stones. Thistest method provides
7、one element in comparing stones of the same type.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of reg
8、ulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C97 Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension StoneC119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC121 Test Method for Water Absorption of SlateC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Sampling and P
9、reparationG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a Rotary Platform Abraser3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 abraserwear testing instrument to evaluate abrasion resistance, also referred to as an abrader.3.1.2 abrasion cyclein abrasion testing, one or more mov
10、ements of the abradant across a material surface, or the materialsurface across the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position. In the case of the rotary platform test method, it consistsof one complete rotation of the specimen.3.1.3 index of abrasion resistance, na number calculated f
11、rom the weight loss of a specimen subjected to a given number ofrevolutions against a standard bonded abrasive wheel.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test Methods.Current edition approved
12、Feb. 15, 2015May 1, 2015. Published April 2015July 2015. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 asC1353 09C13531. 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1353_C1353M-15.10.1520/C1353_C1353M-15A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Se
13、rvice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previ
14、ous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM Int
15、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.4 resurfaceprocedure of cleaning and refreshing the running surface of an abrasive wheel prior to or during use in testing.3.1.5 sample, na geometrically regular block of stone.3.1.6 test specimen, na
16、 flat prism of specified size and shape cut from the submitted sample.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A specimen is abraded using rotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressure and abrasive action. The testspecimen is mounted on a turntable platform and turns on a vertical axis, against
17、the sliding rotation of two abrading wheels. Oneabrading wheel rubs the specimen outward toward the periphery and the other, inward toward the center. The resulting abrasionmarks form a pattern of crossed arcs over an area of approximately 5 in.2 30 cm2. Resistance to abrasion is evaluated bydetermi
18、nation of the loss of volume due to abrasion and calculation of an index of abrasion resistance.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of dimension stone and may be related to end-useperformance, or used to comparatively rank material perform
19、ance, or both. The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion, asmeasured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance asexperienced in the actual use of the material. Calculation of predicted life should not be based on specific ab
20、rasion data alone.5.2 The resistance of dimension stone to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions; type of abradant; pressurebetween the specimen and abradant; mounting of the specimen; and type, kind, or amount of finishing materials.5.3 Abrasion tests utilizing the rotary pl
21、atform abraser may be subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during thecourse of specific tests. Depending on abradant type and test specimen, the abrading wheel surface may change (that is, becomeclogged) due to pick-up of finishing or other materials from test specimens. To reduce thi
22、s variation, the abrading wheels mayrequire resurfacing.6. Apparatus6.1 Rotary Platform Abraser, consisting of the elements described in 6.1.1 6.1.5 (see Fig. 1).6.1.1 A removable specimen turntable platform, which includes a rubber pad, clamp plate, centrally located threaded post andnut. The turnt
23、able shall be motor driven and mounted so as to produce a circular surface travel of a flat specimen in the plane ofits surface. The specimen platform shall rotate with no visible wobble. This can be checked with a dial indicator at the top outeredge of the platform to make sure it runs true within
24、0.02 in. 0.5 mm.6.1.2 A motor capable of rotating the turntable platform at a speed of either 72 6 2 r/min or 60 6 2 r/min.6.1.3 A pair of pivoted arms to which the abrasive wheels and accessory weights or counterweights are attached.6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pickup nozzle to remove d
25、ebris and abrasive particles from the specimen surfaceduring testing. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzle shall be adjustable, and the nozzle will have two 38 in. 8 mm openings.One opening shall be positioned between the two wheels and over the wear path and the other placed diametrically opposit
26、e, withFIG. 1 Rotary Platform AbraserC1353/C1353M 15a23 in. 76.2 mm distance between the axes of the two openings. The vacuum suction force at the surface of the specimen shall besufficient to remove debris and abrasive particles.6.1.5 A counter to record the number of abrasion cycles (revolutions)
27、made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Wheels3, which are attached to the free end of the pivoted arms and are able to rotate freely about horizontalspindles.6.2.1 The wheels shall be 12 in. 12.7 mm thick and have an external diameter of 2 in. 51.9 mm when new, and in no caseless than 134 in. 4
28、4.4 mm.The abrasive wheels shall be vitrified based, consisting of hard particles embedded in a binder material.H-22 Calibrade wheels are the required grade of abrasive for this test method.6.2.2 The internal faces of the abrasive wheels shall be 2116 in. 52.4 mm apart and the hypothetical line thro
29、ugh the twospindles shall be 34 in. 19.1 mm away from the central axis of the turntable (see Fig. 2). The wheels should be spaced equallyon both sides from the wheel-mounting flange to the center of the specimen holder. The distance from the inside of the wheelmounting flange to the center of the sp
30、ecimen holder shall be 112 in. 38.9 mm.6.2.3 When resting on the specimen, the wheels will have a peripheral engagement with the surface of the specimen, thedirection of travel of the periphery of the wheels and of the specimen at the contacting portions being at acute angles, and the anglesof trave
31、l of one wheel periphery being opposite to that of the other. Motion of the abrasive wheels, in opposite directions, isprovided by rotation of the specimen and the associated friction therefrom.6.3 Accessory Weights3, to be attached to the pivoted arms to provide a force of 2.2 lb 1000 g, when the w
32、heel is pressedagainst the specimen, exclusive of the mass of the wheel itself. Accessory weight references are per arm (not combined), andinclude the mass of the pivoted arm.6.4 Auxiliary Apparatus:6.4.1 Wheel refacer3, with a diamond tool for resurfacing vitrified wheels or correcting out of round
33、 wheels.6.4.2 A soft bristle brush, to remove loose particles from the surface of the specimen after testing.6.5 Balance, with a capacity of 1 lb 500 g and capable of reading to two decimal places.6.6 Desiccator containing a drying agent of sufficient size to contain samples to be tested.6.7 Diamond
34、 saw (cut-off) with diamond-edged blade, cooled and flushed with water.6.8 Electrically powered drill with tungsten carbide or diamond bit capable of drilling a 14 in. 6.5 mm hole (see 7.3) throughthe specimen. Drill may be cooled and flushed with water if required.6.9 A ventilated drying oven.3 The
35、 sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is Taber Industries, 455 Bryant Street, North Tonawanda, NY, 14120. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration
36、 at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee,1 which you may attend.FIG. 2 Diagrammatic Arrangement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-upC1353/C1353M 15a37. Test Specimens7.1 Three test specimens are required. Each test specimen shall meet the following conditions.7.2 Specimen DimensionsA sl
37、ab 4 in. 100 mm square with a 14 in. 6.5 mm hole in the center. If the mass of the specimenexceeds the capacity of the balance, cut off the corners to give a minimum radius of 2 in. 50 mm and a maximum radius of 238in. 60 mm.7.3 Specimen ThicknessThe standard material thickness that can be evaluated
38、 with the rotary platform abraser is 14 in. 6.5mm or less. For materials thicker than 14 in. 6.5 mm but less than 12 in. 13 mm, an extension nut such as type S-213 orequivalent may be used (requires 38 in. 9.5 mm center hole). Alternatively, an arm height extension kit3 will permit testing ofspecime
39、ns up to 1.5 in. 40 mm in thickness (requires 12 in. 13 mm center hole).7.4 The upper surface of the specimens shall be flat with either a finish as required for the test or ground and smoothed with120 mesh grit. Rough surfaces, such as thermal, bush-hammered, gang-sawn, and cleft finishes, are not
40、suitable for testing inaccordance with this test method.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting, preparing, and conditioning test specimens.8. Procedure8.1 Determine the bulk specific gravity () of the specimens in accordance with Test Methods C97 or C121 for slate. Bulksp
41、ecific gravity testing shall be performed, using a modified specimen geometry, on the same specimens to be used for the abrasionresistance tests.8.2 Condition the specimens by drying in an oven at a temperature of 140F64F 60C62C for 48 h. Cool in a desiccator.The test specimens shall remain in the d
42、esiccator until tested. Tests should not begin unless the relative humidity is 45 to 55 %and the temperature is at 7264F 2263C.8.3 Weigh the test specimens (wo) to the nearest 0.01 g.8.4 Place the test specimen on the table of the abraser with the surface to be tested uppermost and secure in place.8
43、.5 Perform test work in a controlled environment, space, or room.8.6 Set the vacuum cleaner-extractor to 90 to 100 % capacity. Lower and adjust the vacuum pick-up nozzle so the orifice is adistance of 116 to 18 in. 1 to 2 mm above the test surface.NOTE 2Ensure that the vacuum suction force will remo
44、ve the abraded particles. Wear debris left on the specimen surface may influence the results.8.7 Preparation of Vitrified Abrading WheelsVitrified wheels do not require resurfacing unless the abrading surface becomesclogged, chipped or out of round. A wheel refacer shall be used to correct any of th
45、ese conditions.8.8 Mount the accessory weight to provide a load of 2.2 lb 1000 g on each abrasive wheel and gently lower the wheels ontothe surface of the test specimen.8.9 Start the rotary platform abraser and subject the test specimen to abrasion for 1000 revolutions. Gently brush the abrasivewhee
46、ls while the test specimen is rotating to assist in the removal of loose dust and prevent clogging the abrasive wheels.NOTE 3The preferred number of revolutions is 1000 regardless of the stone type. Some stones may wear through before 1000 revolutions. For thesestones, the equipment should be stoppe
47、d when the wear has reduced the thickness by 70 to 80 %. Stop the test if the abrasive wheels become excessivelyworn. If the test is stopped before 1000 revolutions are completed, state the reason in the test report.8.10 Remove the specimen carefully from the table, brush clean the dust and abrasive
48、 grains, and weigh (w1).9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the index of abrasion resistance as follows:Iw 5 36.75wo 2 w133 n1000where:Iw = index of abrasion resistance,wo = initial weight of test specimen, gw1 = weight of test specimen after 1000 revolutions, g = bulk specific gravity, andn = number of rev
49、olutions actually run during the test.NOTE 4The formula for determining Iw requires the use of SI units. Attempting to use this formula with inch-pound units will result in erroneousvalues for Iw.NOTE 5Test results from hard and coarse-grained stones such as granite should be viewed with caution. Hard stones may both polish and abrade,thus resulting in an increase in the indicated value of Iw. Coarse-grained stones may exhibit a wider than normal variation of Iw results in additio
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