ASTM C1372-2014a Standard Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units《干铸拼装式挡土墙部件的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: C1372 14aStandard Specification forDry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers dry-cast segmental retainingwall units of concrete, machinemade from hydraulic cement,water, and suitable mineral a

3、ggregates with or without theinclusion of other materials. The units are intended for use inthe construction of mortarless segmental retaining walls.NOTE 1When particular features are desired, such as densityclassification, higher compressive strength, surface texture, finish, color,or other special

4、 features, such properties should be specified separately bythe purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to availability of unitshaving the desired features.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in

5、tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referen

6、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for ConcreteMasonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydr

7、aulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete andMortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Du

8、ra-bility of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units andRelated Concrete Units3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this specification.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 Dry-cast, adjmanufacturing concrete products usinglow frequency, high amplitude vibration to consolidate co

9、n-crete of stiff or extremely dry consistency in a form.3.2.2 segmental retaining wall unit, nunit manufacturedof concrete for the construction of dry-stacked earth retainingwalls.3.2.3 segmental retaining wall unit, dry-cast, na segmen-tal retaining wall unit manufactured of concrete using adry-cas

10、t process.4. Materials4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to thefollowing applicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland CementsSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement con-forming to Specification C150, modified as follows:4.1.2.1 LimestoneLimestone, with a minimum 8

11、5 % Cal-cium Carbonate (CaCO3) content, shall be permitted to beadded to the cement, provided these requirements of Specifi-cation C150 as modified are met:(1) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(2) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent,22 % max.(3) Limitation on Loss of Ignition7 %.4.

12、1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C595.4.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Blast Furnace Slag CementSpecification C989.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followingspecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily a

13、pply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of C15.03 on ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsCurrent edition ap

14、proved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1372 14. DOI:10.1520/C1372-14A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandard

15、s volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Other ConstituentsAir-entrainin

16、g agents, coloringpigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, andother constituents shall be previously established as suitable foruse in segmental retaining wall units and shall conform toapplicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test orexperience to be not detrimental to the du

17、rability of thesegmental retaining wall units or any material customarily usedin segmental retaining wall construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the work site, the units shallconform to the physical requirements of Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 8.2.All units shal

18、l be sound and free of cracksor other defects that interfere with the proper placement of theunits or significantly impair the strength or permanence of theconstruction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method ofmanufacture or minor chipping resulting from customarymethods of handling in shipmen

19、t and delivery are not groundsfor rejection.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listedin Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compres-sive strength of three units shall equal or exceed the specifiedcompressive strength, and the following single unit strengthrequirements

20、shall apply.5.1.1.1 When the specified compressive strength is less than5000 psi, no single unit net area compressive strength testresult shall be less than the specified compressive strengthminus 500 psi.5.1.1.2 When the specified compressive strength is 5000 psior greater, no single unit net area

21、compressive strength testresult shall be less than 90 % of the specified compressivestrength.5.2 Freeze-Thaw DurabilityIn areas where repeated freez-ing and thawing under saturated conditions occur, freeze-thawdurability shall be demonstrated by test or by proven fieldperformance that the segmental

22、retaining wall units haveadequate durability for the intended use. When testing isrequired by the specifier to demonstrate freeze-thaw durability,the units shall be tested in accordance with 8.3.5.2.1 Specimens shall comply with either of the following:(1) the weight loss of each of five test specim

23、ens at theconclusion of 100 cycles shall not exceed1%ofitsinitialweight; or (2) the weight loss of each of four of the five testspecimens at the conclusion of 150 cycles shall not exceed1.5 % of its initial weight.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, height, and l

24、ength shalldiffer by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specifiedstandard dimensions.NOTE 2The term “width” refers to the horizontal dimension of theunit measured perpendicular to the face of the wall from the exposedsurface of the unit to the back of the unit. The term “height” refers to theve

25、rtical dimension of the unit as placed in the wall. The term “length”refers to the horizontal dimension of the unit measured parallel to therunning length of the wall.6.1.1 Dimensional tolerance requirements for width shall bewaived for architectural surfaces.NOTE 3Split-faced surfaces are the most

26、common surfaces used toprovide an architectural appearance to segmental retaining walls.However, other means could be used to obtain similar architectural effectslike tumbling, grinding, and slumping.7. Finish and Appearance7.1 No more than 5 % of the units in the shipment shallexhibit one or more o

27、f the characteristics described in 7.1.1through 7.1.4 and 7.2.7.1.1 Units with dimensions not meeting the requirementsof 6.1.7.1.2 Units with finished face(s) containing chips larger than1 in. (25.4 mm) in any direction.7.1.3 Units with finished face(s) containing cracks widerthan 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)

28、and longer than 25 % of the nominalheight of the unit.7.1.4 Units that are broken.NOTE 4Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such assplit-face and tumbled units, should not be evaluated for conformance ofsuch features to the requirements of 7.1.2.7.2 Where units are to be used in

29、 exposed wall construction,the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, except as permitted in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3, or otherimperfections when viewed from a distance of not less than 20ft (6.1 m) under diffused lighting.7.3 The color and texture of units shall be specified by

30、thepurchaser. The finished surface that will be exposed in placeshall conform to an approved sample consisting of not less thanfour units, representing the range of texture and color permit-ted.NOTE 5Segmental retaining wall units are produced using a widevariety of natural aggregates and other mate

31、rials.As such, slight variationsinherent from natural materials should be expected. Since specifying unitsand approving samples can take place several months prior to productionTABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity ClassificationOven-Dry Density of Concretelb/

32、ft3(kg/m3)Maximum Water Absorptionlb/ft3(kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strengthlb/in.2(MPa)Average of Three Units Average of Three Units Individual Units Average of Three Units Individual UnitsLightweight Less than 105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)Medium Weight 105 to less tha

33、n 125 15 (240) 17 (272) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)(1680 to 2000)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)AConsult manufacturers for available densities.C1372 14a2of actual units for a project, slight variations in appearance from theapproved sample are to be expected.8.

34、 Sampling and Testing8.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample units at theplace of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.8.2 Compressive strength, absorption, density, and dimen-sional tolerances shall be based on tests of segment

35、al retainingwall units of any configuration or dimensions made with thesame materials, concrete mix design, manufacturing process,and curing method, conducted in accordance with Test Meth-ods C140 and within 12 months of production of the units.8.3 When required, freeze-thaw durability shall be base

36、d ontests of segmental retaining wall units of any configuration ordimension made with the same materials, concrete mix design,manufacturing process, and curing method, conducted inaccordance with Test Method C1262 and within 24 months ofproduction of the units.9. Compliance9.1 If a sample fails to

37、conform to the specifiedrequirements, the manufacturer shall be permitted to removeunits from the shipment. A new sample shall be selected by thepurchaser from remaining units from the shipment with asimilar configuration and dimension and tested at the expenseof the manufacturer. If the second samp

38、le meets the specifiedrequirements, the remaining portion of the shipment repre-sented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If thesecond sample fails to meet the specified requirements, theremaining portion of the shipment represented by the samplefails to meet the specified requirements.

39、NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: (1) if the results of the tests show thatthe units do not conform to the requirements of this specification, the costis typically borne by the seller; (2) if the results of the tests show that the

40、units conform to the specification requirements, the cost is typically borneby the purchaser.10. Keywords10.1 absorption; aggregates; cementitious materials; com-pressive strength; concrete masonry units; density classifica-tion; dimensions; durabilitySUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified t

41、he location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1372 14) that may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2014.)(1) Revised Section 8 to add a 12-month frequency for C140tests.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last i

42、ssue (C1372 11)that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2014.)(1) Subsection 5.1 and Section 7 were revised related to finishand appearance of units.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin t

43、his standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must

44、be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of there

45、sponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,

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