1、Designation: C1403 14C1403 15Standard Test Method forRate of Water Absorption of Masonry Mortars1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1403; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a standardized laboratory procedure for determining the relative water absorption by capillaryuptake (wickin
3、g) characteristics of masonry mortars. This test method is not applicable for determining the effectiveness of waterrepellent coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Inch-pound units are given in par
4、entheses for temperature specification and are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the a
5、pplicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydrauli
6、c Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC778 Specification for SandC1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC1384 Specification for Ad
7、mixtures for Masonry MortarsC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C1180.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a laboratory procedure for determining the relative water a
8、bsorption properties over time ofmortars used for masonry construction. Because the specimens are made under laboratory conditions and do not take into accountthe effect of the masonry substrate or field mixing procedures, this method is not intended for field use. Data generated from thistest metho
9、d may be useful for determining the relative effectiveness of water repellent admixtures or the effect of other admixturesor mortar components on the water repellency of a mortar. However, use caution in interpreting the results. While the resistanceof masonry to water penetration may be related to
10、the water absorption of the mortar, it also depends on other factors, such as theworkmanship, extent of bond, and the properties of the masonry units and mortar.NOTE 1This test method is specified in Specification C1384 for demonstrating compliance of mortar admixtures classified as Water Repellent.
11、 In thiscompliance testing, the admixed mortar is compared to a reference mortar made with the same mortar materials except that it does not include theadmixture. For quality control testing of water repellent preblended dry mortar mixes, the reference mortar is not typically available since the wat
12、errepellent additive is added during the manufacturing process prior to bagging the final product. In these cases, the procedure in Annex A1 can be usedto determine the relative resistance of the mortar to absorption by capillary uptake.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、C12 on Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C12.02on Research and Methods of Test.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014July 1, 2015. Published January 2015July 2015. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asC1403 13.C1
14、403 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1403-14.10.1520/C1403-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document
15、is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appro
16、priate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
17、es15. Apparatus5.1 BalanceA balance readable and accurate to 0.1 g.5.2 Uptake ContainerA watertight container with a minimum cross sectional area that is at least 50 % greater than the totalarea of the specimens test surface(s) and a minimum depth of 75 mm. Provide a cover for the container to minim
18、ize evaporation.5.2.1 Use specimen supports that allow a minimum of 3 mm clearance from the bottom of the container and that cover amaximum of 10 % of the area of the specimens test surface. Use supports made of a material that does not float in water and thatdoes not rust, expand, or contract as a
19、result of water exposure.5.2.2 The container shall be flat so that when a specimen is set on the supports the water level as specified in 7.4 shall not varyby more than 1 mm from one end of the specimen to the opposite end.5.3 Specimen MoldsMetal nominal 50-mm cube specimen molds with removable plas
20、tic water tight disposable liners. Theplastic liners shall be rigid enough to retain their shape when free standing and filled with mortar.NOTE 2For this test method, actual specimen dimensions are measured and used to calculate absorption per a unit area; therefore, 2-in. cube specimenmolds can be
21、used interchangeably with 50-mm cube specimen molds.5.4 SpoonA metal spoon approximately 230 mm in length and with a bowl approximately 100 mm in length.5.5 StraightedgeA steel straightedge not less than 150 mm long and approximately 1.5 to 3.0 mm thick.5.6 TamperA tamper made of a nonabsorptive, no
22、nabrasive, nonbrittle material such as a rubber compound having a ShoreA durometer hardness of 80 6 10, or seasoned oak wood rendered nonabsorptive by immersion for 15 minutes in paraffin atapproximately 200C (392F), and having a cross section of 13 by 25 mm and a convenient length of 127 to 152 mm.
23、 The tampingface of the tamper shall be flat and at right angles to the length of the tamper.5.7 Trowel, having a steel blade 100 to 150 mm in length, with straight edges.5.8 Tapping StickA hardwood rod, having a diameter of 16 mm and a length of 150 mm.5.9 Timing DeviceA suitable timing device capa
24、ble of indicating elapsed time up to 24 h to the nearest 1 min.5.10 CalipersSuitable calipers with parallel jaws for measuring the dimensions of the hardened specimens to the nearest 0.5mm.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 Prepare mortar according to Practice C305, adjusting the water as necessary to obtai
25、n a flow of 110 6 5 as determined byTest Method C1437. Record the flow. If an admixture is being added to the mortar, the dosage rate, time of addition, and mixingsequence shall follow the manufacturers recommendation. If there is no manufacturers recommendation, add a liquid admixturewith the water
26、 and add a dry admixture with the cementitious components. Record the type and amount of each material by weightused in the mortar. In addition, record the type and amount by weight or volume of any admixture used and when it was addedto the mix. If applicable, record the kind of mortar (cement-lime
27、, mortar cement, or masonry cement), the type (O, N, S, or M),and whether the mortar is made to the proportion or property specification of Specification C270.6.1.1 To test the behavior of mortar components independent of the qualities of the masonry sand use a blend of equal parts byweight of grade
28、d standard sand and standard 20 - 30 sand conforming to Specification C778.6.2 Prepare 50-mm cube specimens according to Test Method C109/C109M except the mortar shall be the mortar prepared in6.1 and the molds shall be as specified in 5.3. Make a minimum of three replicate specimens from each morta
29、r batch.6.3 Immediately upon completion of casting, place the test specimens in a moist closet or moist room conforming to therequirements of Specification C511. Keep all test specimens in their molds and in the moist closet or moist room for 24 6 1 h withtheir upper surfaces exposed to the moist ai
30、r but protected from dripping water.6.4 At 24 6 1 h from the time of mixing remove the specimens from the molds. Mark the side of each specimen indicatingwhich surface is top, as cast. Cure the specimens in a moisture tight plastic bag at 24 6 8C (75 6 15F) until placing in the ovenin accordance wit
31、h 6.5.6.5 Unless another age is specified, at the age of 28 days 6 12 h from the time of casting, remove the specimens from the plasticbag and dry in a ventilated oven at 110 6 5C (230 6 9F) for not less than 24 h and until two successive weighings at intervalsof 2 h show an increment of loss not gr
32、eater than 0.2 % of the last previously determined weight of the specimen. Remove thespecimens from the oven and cool in ambient conditions (24 6 8C (75 6 15F) and a relative humidity of less than 80 % fora minimum of 2 h and until the specimens reach ambient temperature. Begin testing within 24 h a
33、fter reaching ambienttemperature.7. Procedure7.1 Calculate the area of the test surface for each specimen from the length and width of the test surface. The test surface isthe top face of the cube, as cast. Using calipers, measure the length of the cube test surface to the nearest 0.5 mm at three lo
34、cationsC1403 152along its height and record as L1 the average length in millimetres to the nearest 0.5 mm. Using calipers, measure the width ofthe cube test surface to the nearest 0.5 mm at three locations along its height and record as L2 the average width in millimetresto the nearest 0.5 mm.7.2 Re
35、cord as W0 the initial weight in grams to the nearest 0.1 g of each individual specimen immediately prior to testing.7.3 Place the uptake container on a flat level surface. Place all specimens in the uptake container(s) with their top faces, as cast,in contact with the specimen supports as illustrat
36、ed in Fig. 1. Provide a minimum space of 12 mm between specimens and 25 mmbetween specimens and the wall of the uptake container.7.4 Add room temperature (24 6 8C (75 6 15F) water to the uptake container(s) so that the specimens are partially immersedin 3.0 6 0.5 mm of water. When adding water make
37、sure not to splash water onto the specimens. Cover the uptake container(s)to minimize evaporation.7.5 Monitor the specimens during the first 1 min and after 5 6 1 min to make sure the water level is adequate during the initialabsorption phase. Add water as necessary to maintain the immersion depth a
38、s specified in 7.4. When adding water make sure notto splash water onto the specimens. Cover the uptake container(s) to minimize evaporation.7.6 At 0.25 h 6 0.5 min, 1 h 6 2 min, 4 h 6 10 min, and 24 h 6 15 min, measure the weight in grams to the nearest 0.1 gof each specimen and record as WT where
39、T is the measurement time in hours. Wipe off surface water from each specimen witha damp cloth prior to each weighing (see Note 3). Complete the wipe within 10 s of removal from contact with the water andcomplete weighing within 1 minute.NOTE 3The wipe-off cloth should be damp enough so it does not
40、wick water off the specimen surface but not so damp that it is dripping water.Experience has shown that the cloth may need to be wrung out every 8 to 12 cubes to keep it from getting too wet.7.7 After each weighing, replace the specimens into the uptake container(s) and add water as necessary to mai
41、ntain theimmersion depth specified in 7.4. When adding water, make sure not to splash water onto the specimens. Re-cover the uptakecontainer(s).8. Calculation8.1 Calculate and record as AT the water absorption in grams/100 cm2, at each time period, T, for each specimen, as follows:AT 5WT 2W0!310 000
42、/L13L2! (1)where:WT = the weight of the specimen at time T in grams to the nearest 0.1 g,W0 = the initial weight of the specimen in grams to the nearest 0.1 g,L1 = the average length of the test surface of the mortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm, andL2 = the average width of the test su
43、rface of the mortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm.8.2 Calculate and record as, AT (avg), the average AT for each set of three or more replicate specimens at each time interval.9. Report9.1 Report the mortar mixture, as follows:9.1.1 The type and amount of each material by weight used in
44、the mortar,9.1.2 The type and amount by weight or volume of any admixture used in the mortar and when it was added to the mix,FIG. 1 Specimen Configuration During TestingC1403 1539.1.3 The actual flow of the mortar batch(es), and9.1.4 If applicable:9.1.4.1 The kind of mortar (cement-lime, mortar cem
45、ent, or masonry cement),9.1.4.2 The type (O, N, S, or M) used, and9.1.4.3 Whether the mortar was made to the proportion or property specification of Specification C270.9.2 Report the water absorption test results, as follows:9.2.1 For each specimen, report:9.2.1.1 L1, the average length of the test
46、surface of the mortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm,9.2.1.2 L2, the average width of the test surface of the mortar specimen cube in mm to the nearest 0.5 mm,9.2.1.3 W0, the initial weight of the specimen in g to the nearest 0.1 g,9.2.1.4 WT, the weight of the specimen at each time T in
47、g to the nearest 0.1 g, and9.2.1.5 AT, the water absorption of the specimen at each time T in g/100 cm2.9.2.2 For each set of three or more replicates, report:9.2.2.1 AT (avg), the average water absorption at each time T in g/100 cm2.9.3 Report the age of specimens when tested.10. Precision and Bias
48、10.1 A precision and bias statement is not available for this test method.11. Keywords11.1 absorption; absorption rate; masonry mortar; water repellentANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. TEST PROCEDURE FOR RELATIVE WATER ABSORPTION BY CAPILLARY UPTAKE OF MORTARS WHEN AREFERENCE MORTAR IS NOT AVAILABLEA1
49、.1 ScopeA1.1.1 This procedure can be used to determine the relative resistance of a mortar to absorption by capillary uptake (wicking)when a reference mortar is not available.A1.2 Significance and UseA1.2.1 In this procedure, the relative resistance of a mortar to absorption by capillary uptake is expressed as the amount of waterabsorption of the test specimen at any given test time versus the amount of water absorption of the test specimen at full saturation.This procedure can be used for quality control testing of water repellent preblended dr
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