ASTM C1405-2007 Standard Specification for Glazed Brick (Single Fired Brick Units)《釉面砖的标准规范(一次烧成的砖块)》.pdf

1、Designation: C 1405 07Standard Specification forGlazed Brick (Single Fired, Brick Units)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick, having a ceramic glazefinish fused to the body during the same process as the unitbody firing, that are i

3、ntended for use in masonry and supplyingstructural or facing components, or both, to the structure. Thisspecification does not cover double-fired glazed brick. Somedouble-fired decorative glazes have physical properties whichvary from those of single-fired glazes due to the lowertemperatures used in

4、 applying the decorative coating.1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply atthe time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements of thisspecification is beyond the

5、scope of this specification.1.3 Glazed brick are prismatic units available in a variety ofsizes, textures, colors, and shapes. Glazed brick are manufac-tured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthysubstances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevatedtemperatures (firing). The heat

6、 treatment shall develop a firedbond between the particulate constituents to provide thestrength and durability requirements of this specification (seefiring, fired bond, glaze, and incipient fusion in TerminologyC43).1.4 Glazed brick are shaped during manufacture by mold-ing, pressing, or extrusion

7、, and the shaping method is a way todescribe the brick.1.5 Glazed brick are classified into one of two grades, one oftwo types, one of two classes, and one of three divisions.1.6 Opacity of the glaze is not required unless specified bythe purchaser.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and

8、footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of this standard.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1

9、.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Do

10、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forUnit MasonryE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials2.2 NFPA Standard:

11、NFPA No. 255 Test for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding Materials32.3 UL Standard:UL No. 723 Flammability Studies of Cellular Plastics andOther Building Materials Used for Interior Finishes42.4 ICBO Standard:UBC No. 42-1 Test Method for Fire Hazard Classificationof Building Material52.5 Fed

12、eral Standard:Federal Standard Test No. 141 Abrasion Resistance (TaberAbraser)63. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this specification are definedin accordance with Terminology C43.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direc

13、t responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1405 05a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM C

14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from Underwri

15、ters Laboratories (UL), 333 Pfingsten Rd., North-brook, IL 60062-2096, http:/.5Available from the International Conference of Building Officials, 5360 SouthWorkman Mill Road, Whittier, CA 90601.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail S

16、top: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Classification4.1 GradesGrades classify glazed brick accord

17、ing to theirpermissible variation in face dimension as follows. Whengrade is not specified, the requirements for Grade S govern.4.1.1 Grade S (Standard), units for use where standarddimensional tolerances are desired.4.1.2 Grade SS (Select Sized), units for use where a higherdegree of precision and

18、lower permissible variation in size aredesired.4.2 TypesTwo types of glazed brick are covered. Whentype is not specified, the requirements for Type I govern.4.2.1 Type I (Single-Faced Units), for general use whereonly one face is finished.4.2.2 Type II (Two-Faced Units), for use where two oppositefa

19、ces are finished.4.3 ClassesTwo classes of glazed brick are covered.When class is not specified, the requirements for Class Exteriorgovern.4.3.1 Class Exterior, for exterior applications.4.3.2 Class Interior, for interior applications.NOTE 1Special brick shapes may be desired by the purchaser that d

20、onot meet all of the requirements of this specification (see 8.2.1). Consultthe manufacturer for availability of special units and suitability for theintended purpose.4.4 DivisionsThree divisions of glazed brick are covered.Divisions identify the amount and placement of hollow spaces(cores, cells an

21、d deep frogs) in the cross section of the unit. Inthe Division nomenclature, H shall be understood to meanhollow, and V shall be understood to mean void.4.4.1 Division SolidBrick with void area less than orequal to 25 % of its gross cross sectional area, measured in anyplane parallel to the surface

22、containing the cores, cells, or deepfrogs.4.4.2 Division H40VBrick with void area greater than25 % but less than or equal to 40 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs.4.4.3 Division H60VBrick with void area greater

23、than40 % but less than or equal to 60 % of its gross cross sectionalarea, measured in any plane parallel to the surface containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs. The shell thicknesses shallcomply with the requirements in Table 1. See Fig. 1.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityGlazed brick shall con

24、form to the physicalproperties requirements for the class specified as prescribed inTable 2 or in 5.1.1 or 5.1.2. For the compressive strengthrequirements, test the unit with the compressive force perpen-dicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in thestretcher position.NOTE 2The physica

25、l property requirements for durability are basedupon correlation of these physical properties and freeze-thaw testing ofunits in standard production. They indicate durability. Conformance withthese property requirements provides a reasonable level of confidence asto durability in lieu of freeze-thaw

26、 testing.5.1.1 Strength and Absorption Requirements AlternateThe saturation coefficient requirement for Class Exterior doesnot apply, provided the average compressive strength of arandom sample of five brick equals or exceeds 8000 psi (55.2MPa) with no individual strength less than 7500 psi (51.8MPa

27、).Additionally, the 24-h cold water absorption of each unitshall not exceed 6.0 %.5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor cold water absorption (5.1.1) and absorption and saturationcoefficient (Table 2) for Class Exterior do not apply, provideda sample of five brick, meeting the st

28、rength requirements ofTable 2, passes the freezing and thawing test as described in theRating Section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures ofTest Methods C67.TABLE 1 Division H60VHollow Glazed Brick Minimum Thickness of Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Width of Unit Face Shell Type End S

29、hellsSolid Cored or Double Shell3 and 4 (76 and 102)34 (19.0) .34 (19.0)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (31.8) 112 (38.1) 1 (25.4)10 (254) 138 (34.9) 158 (41.3) 118 (28.6)12 (305) 112 (38.1) 2 (50.8) 118 (28.6)FIG. 1 Types of Hollow Glazed Brick UnitsC1405072NOTE 3The 50 cycle freezi

30、ng and thawing test is used as analternative only when units do not conform to either Table 2 requirementsfor maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to therequirements of the Strength and Absorption Alternate in 5.1.1.5.1.2.1 Class Exterior: Weight Loss RequirementNotgreater than 0.

31、5 % loss in dry weight of any individual unit.5.1.2.2 Class Exterior: Breakage RequirementNo indi-vidual unit separates into two or more significant pieces.5.1.2.3 Class Exterior: Cracking RequirementNo indi-vidual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the unitsleast dimension.5.2 StrengthW

32、hen glazed brick are required havingstrengths greater than prescribed by this specification, thepurchaser shall specify the desired average compressivestrength and the individual minimum compressive strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Determine results forIRA in accordance with Test Methods

33、 C67and furnish resultsat the request of the specifier or purchaser.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)IRA is not a qualifyingcondition or property of units in this specification. This property ismeasured in order to assist in mortar selection and material handling in theconstruction process.

34、6. Efflorescence6.1 When the brick are tested in accordance with TestMethods C 67, the rating for efflorescence shall be: “noteffloresced.”7. Properties of Glaze7.1 ImperviousnessWhen tested for imperviousness,12.1.1, no stain that can be seen from a distance of 5 ft (1.5 m)shall remain on or beneat

35、h the surface, except a slightdiscoloration in the depressions on matt, stippled, or mottledglazes and in the crevices formed into the unit face(s) provid-ing surface features.7.2 Resistance to FadingWhen tested for chemical resis-tance, 12.1.2, the color of the glaze shall not change from theapprov

36、ed sample.7.3 Resistance to CrazingWhen tested for crazing, 12.1.3,the glaze shall not craze, spall, or crack when subjected to onecycle of autoclaving.7.4 Flame Spread, Fuel Contribution, and Smoke DensityBody and finish shall withstand temperatures up to 1900F(878C) without distortion or melting a

37、nd rate “noncombus-tible.” When tested in accordance with the provisions of TestMethod E84, glazed brick shall measure 0 flame spread, 0 fuelcontribution, and 0 smoke density.NOTE 5This test method is similar to that specified in NFPANo. 255,UL No. 723, and UBC No. 42-1.7.5 Toxic FumesToxic fumes sh

38、all not be released fromthe body or glaze finish at temperatures up to 1900F (878C).No toxic fumes shall be released from the body or glaze finishwhen glazed brick are tested in accordance with Test MethodE84.7.6 Hardness and Abrasion ResistanceGlaze shall resistscratching by ordinary glass or steel

39、 and be rated above five onthe Mohs Hardness Scale. When tested for abrasion, underWear Index Method No. 6192 of Federal Standard Test No.141, using a Standard Taber Abraser Model CS-17 calibratedwheel and a 2.2 lb (1000 g) weight for 1000 wear cycles, theglazed face shall have a wear factor not in

40、excess of 15.7.7 OpacityWhen opacity of the glaze is specified, dis-coloration of the body shall not be visible through the glazewhen tested for opacity, 12.1.4.NOTE 6Opacity (7.7) is not a required property of clear and translu-cent glazes. The fading resistance (7.2) and hardness and abrasionresis

41、tance (7.6) properties are not required for metallic glazes. If thoseproperties are important for glazes, consult the manufacturer for avail-ability and suitability for the intended purpose.8. Appearance, Color, and Texture8.1 The body of the units shall be free of defects, deficien-cies, and other

42、imperfections that would interfere with theproper setting of the brick or significantly impair the strengthor performance of the construction.8.2 The color, color range, and texture shall be specified bythe purchaser. The stretcher face of the brick and the exposedface(s) of shapes shall have the sa

43、me general texture, colorrange, and glaze as the approved sample. The texture of theglazed surfaces shall conform to an approved sample of notless than four stretcher brick, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsample.8.2.1 Where brick are required

44、having faces glazed otherthan those identified by type (Section 4), the purchaser shallspecify faces to be glazed and the quantity of brick needed.NOTE 7Consult the manufacturer for the availability of specialty unitssuitable for the intended purposes.8.3 The face(s) to be glazed shall be covered wi

45、th a ceramicglaze of uniform quality. The glaze shall be free of chips,crazes, blisters, crawling, or other imperfections detractingfrom the appearance of the designated sample when viewedfrom a distance, at right angles to the sample, of 15 ft (4.57 m)for Class Exterior units and 5 ft (1.52 m) for

46、Class Interiorunits.8.4 Overspray of glazes onto adjacent faces of the unitsshall be regulated by the manufacturer. Residue resulting fromTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strength,psi (MPa), Gross AreaMaximumWaterAbsorption by24-h Cold, 7Maximum Saturation CoefficientAAver

47、age of 5BrickIndividual Individual Average of 5BrickIndividualClass Exterior 6000 (41.4) 5000 (34.8) 7.0 0.78 0.80Class Interior 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2)AThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24 h submersion in cold water to that after 5 h submersion in boiling water.C1405073the gl

48、azing operation shall not interfere with the proper settingof the units or significantly impair the strength or performanceof the construction.NOTE 8Consult the manufacturer for the extent of overspray commonin production. Should other limits on allowable overspray be desired, themanufacturer shall

49、be consulted for availability.8.5 The number of glazed brick in a delivery that are brokenor otherwise fail to meet the requirements for chippage andtolerances shall not exceed 5 %.8.6 After brick are handled by the purchaser, the manufac-turer or the manufacturers agent shall not be held responsiblefor compliance of brick with the requirements of this specifi-cation for chippage and tolerances.9. Size and Tolerances9.1 The dimensions of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. In a sample of ten brick selected to rep