1、Designation: C1417 141C1417 15Standard Specification forManufacture of Reinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain,and Culvert Pipe for Direct Design1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorially revised title of 6.4 in March 2015.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the ma
3、nufacture and acceptance of precast concrete pipe designed to conform to the ownersdesign requirements and to ASCE 15 or an equivalent design specification.1.2 This specification is the companion to SI Specification C1417M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thisspecification.2. Reference
4、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Pl
5、ain and Deformed, for ConcreteC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC76 Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for
6、 Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Culve
7、rt, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinf
8、orced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 Other Standards:ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of Buried Precast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using Standard Installations(SIDD)3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinfo
9、rced Concrete43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.3.1.2 group of pipe sections, neach days production run of pipe sections of a single concrete strength for a specific project.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of A
10、STM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Oct. 1, 2015. Published February 2014October 2015. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 asC1417 13.C1417 141. DOI: 10
11、1520/C1417-14E01.10.1520/C1417-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American
12、Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 Alexander Bell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of
13、 an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as pub
14、lished by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.3 lot of pipe sections, ntotal of the number of groups of pipe sections of a single concrete strength produced for a specific
15、project.3.1.4 running average, naverage concrete compressive strength of all groups of pipe sections of a single concrete strengthproduced for a specific project, generally determined as each group is tested.4. Basis of Acceptance of Design4.1 Manufacturing Design DataThe manufacturer shall submit t
16、he following manufacturing design data for the concrete pipeto the owner for approval.4.1.1 Pipe wall thickness.4.1.2 Concrete strength.4.1.3 Reinforcement:4.1.3.1 Specification,4.1.3.2 Reinforcement Type 1, 2, or 3, where:Type 1: Smooth wire or plain barsType 2: Welded smooth wire reinforcement, 8
17、in. maximumspacing of longitudinalsType 3: Welded deformed wire reinforcement, deformed wire,deformed bars, or any reinforcement with stirrups,anchored thereto4.1.3.3 Design yield strength,4.1.3.4 Placement and design concrete cover,4.1.3.5 Cross-sectional diameters,4.1.3.6 Spacing,4.1.3.7 Cross-sec
18、tional area,4.1.3.8 Description of longitudinal members, and4.1.3.9 If stirrups are used, developable stirrup design stress, stirrup shape, placement, and anchorage details.4.1.4 Design factors and the assumed orientation angle.4.1.5 Pipe laying length and joint information.4.2 Approval of the manuf
19、acturing design data shall be based on its conformance to the owners design requirements and toASCE 15 or to an equivalent design specification.5. Basis of Acceptance of Concrete Pipe5.1 Acceptance of pipe shall be on the basis of concrete compression tests, materials tests, conformance to the manuf
20、acturingdesign data, conformance to this specification, and inspection of manufactured pipe for defects.5.2 When mutually agreed in writing by the owner and the manufacturer, a certification may be made the basis of acceptanceof the concrete pipe. This certification shall consist of a statement by t
21、he manufacturer that the concrete pipe conforms to themanufacturing design data and to this specification, and that the concrete and materials have been sampled and tested and conformto this specification.5.3 Age for AcceptancePipe shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the re
22、quirements of thisspecification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials; mineral aggregates; admixtures, ifused; and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act together.6.2 Cementitious Material:6.
23、2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constit
24、uent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989/C989M.6.2.3 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.4 Allowable Combinatio
25、ns of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only.6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only.6.2.4.3 Portland-pozzolan cement only.6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of p
26、ortland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement.C1417 1526.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash, or6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash.ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan
27、cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirement forgradation shall not apply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Speci
28、fication C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist o
29、f wire and welded wire conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M;or of bars conforming to Specifications A615/A615M, Grade 40 or 60, or A706/A706M, Grade 60. For helically wound cages only,weld shear tests are not required.6.6 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-pota
30、ble water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.6.7 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (T
31、ype I) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.7. Joints7.1 The joints shall be designed and the ends of the concrete pipe sections shall be formed so that the sections can be laidtogether to make a c
32、ontinuous line of pipe, compatible with the permissible variations given in Section 15.8. Manufacture8.1 MixtureThe aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious material,water, and admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such
33、quality that the pipe will conform to the test anddesign requirements of this specification.All concrete shall have a water-cementitious materials ratio not exceeding 0.53 by weight.Minimum concrete strength shall be 4000 psi.8.2 FinishPipe shall be substantially free of fractures, large or deep cra
34、cks, and surface roughness. The ends of the pipe shallbe normal to walls and center line of the pipe, within the limits of variations given in Section 15.9. Circumferential Reinforcement9.1 A line of circumferential reinforcement for any given total area may be composed of up to two layers for pipe
35、with wallthicknesses of less than 7 in. or three layers for pipe with wall thickness of 7 in. or greater. The layers shall not be separated bymore than the thickness of one longitudinal plus 14 in. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. If themultiple layers of a cage
36、contain circumferential splices, the individual layers shall be rotated so that the splices are staggered.Allother specification requirements, such as laps, welds, tolerances of placement in the wall of the pipe, and so forth, shall apply tothis method of fabricating a line of reinforcement. The des
37、ign shall be based on the centroid of the layers.9.2 Reinforcement placement and concrete cover shall conform to the approved manufacturing data. The nominal concretecover over the circumferential reinforcement shall not be less than 1 in. in pipe having a wall thickness of 212 in. or greater, andsh
38、all not be less than 34 in. in pipe having a wall thickness of less than 212 in. The location of the reinforcement shall be subjectto the permissible variations in dimensions given in Section 15. Requirements for placement and protective covering of theconcrete from the inner or outer surface of the
39、 pipe do not apply to that portion of a cage that is flared so as to extend into thebell or reduced in diameter so as to extend into the spigot.9.3 Where the wall reinforcement does not extend into the joint area, the maximum longitudinal distance to the lastcircumferential from the inside shoulder
40、of the bell or the shoulder of the spigot shall be 3 in., except that if this distance exceedsone half of the wall thickness, the pipe wall shall contain at least a total reinforcement area of the minimum specified area per linearfoot times the laying length of the pipe section. The minimum cover on
41、 the last circumferential near the spigot shoulder shall be12 in.9.4 Where reinforcement is in the bell or spigot, the minimum end-cover on the last circumferential shall be 12 in. in the bellor 14 in. in the spigot.9.5 The continuity of the circumferential reinforcing steel shall be maintained duri
42、ng the manufacture of the pipe, except when,as agreed upon by the owner, lift eyes or holes are provided in each pipe or the pipe is converted into a manhole tee.C1417 15310. Welds, Splices, and Development of Circumferential Reinforcement10.1 General:10.1.1 When pipe are not marked to show a specif
43、ic orientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shallbe considered to be at the point of the maximum flexural stress.10.1.2 When pipe are marked to show a specific orientation in the ground, any weld to, or splice of, a circumferential shall beconsidered to be at a distanc
44、e determined by the orientation angle closer to the point of maximum flexural stress than the markingindicates.10.1.3 Splices of smooth and deformed wire shall be welded and shall meet the requirements of 10.3 and 10.4.10.2 Notation:Awa = actual steel area of the individual circumferential wire, in.
45、2Awr = steel area required for the individual circumferential wire for flexure, in.2, either at the splice, for splices, or at the pointof maximum moment, for quadrant mat reinforcement.db = diameter of reinforcing wire or bar, in.f c = design compressive strength of concrete, lb/in.2.fy = design yi
46、eld strength of reinforcement, lb/in.2.Ld = development length of reinforcing wire or bar, in.s = spacing of wire to be developed or spliced, in.10.3 Welds:10.3.1 When splices are welded there shall be a minimum lap of 2 in. and a weld of sufficient length such that pull test ofrepresentative specim
47、ens shall develop at least 50 % of the minimum specified tensile strength of the steel. For butt-welded splicesin bars or wire, permitted only with helically wound cages, pull tests of representative specimens shall develop at least 75 % ofthe minimum specified tensile strength of the steel.10.4 Lap
48、ped Splices of Circumferential Reinforcement:10.4.1 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of deformed bars #6 or less are not welded, they shall be lapped not lessthan Ld, where:Ld 5db fy A wr33=f c Awa(1)or not less than:db fy66=f c(2)whichever is greater. Splices of larger than #6 bars
49、shall meet the requirements of ACI 318.10.4.2 If lapped splices of circumferentials consisting of welded smooth wire reinforcement or welded deformed wirereinforcement are not welded, the overlap measured between the outermost longitudinals on each side of the splice shall be no lessthan the spacing of the longitudinals plus 1 in. or Ld, where:Ld 50.27 Awr fys =f c(3)whichever is greater.10.4.3 At the option of the manufacturer, a more detailed analysis may be made and the following exception to the requirementsof 10.4.2 may be applied. I
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