ASTM C1422 C1422M-2010 Standard Specification for Chemically Strengthened Flat Glass《化学强化平板玻璃标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: C1422/C1422M 10Standard Specification forChemically Strengthened Flat Glass1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1422/C1422M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chemi-cally strengthened glass products that originate from flat glassand are used in g

3、eneral building construction, transportation,and other specialty applications, such as copy machine scan-ners, computer disks, and flat glass screens for televisionmonitors. Techniques such as ion implantation, dealkalization,etch-strengthening, and glaze coatings are specifically ex-cluded.1.2 Clas

4、sification of chemically strengthened glass productsis based on the laboratory measurements of surface compres-sion and case depth and not on the modulus of rupture (MOR).This specification does not purport to address end-use perfor-mance.1.3 A test method for the measurement of case depth andsurfac

5、e compression is included in Section 8.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two sys

6、tems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of

7、 regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsC978 Test Method for Photoelastic Determination of Re-sidual Stress in a Transparent Glass Matrix Using aPolarizing Microscope and Optical Retardation Compen-sation ProceduresC

8、1036 Specification for Flat GlassC1279 Test Method for Non-Destructive Photoelastic Mea-surement of Edge and Surface Stresses in Annealed,Heat-Strengthened, and Fully Tempered Flat Glass2.2 ANSI Standard:3Z97.12009 Safety Glazing Materials Used in Buildings-Safety Performance, Specifications and Met

9、hods of Tests2.3 Federal Document:4CPSC 16CFR 1201 Consumer Product Safety CommissionSafety Standard for Architectural Glazing Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminology C162, as appropri-ate.3.1.1 blemishesRefer to Specification C1036 for flatglass.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific

10、to This Standard:3.2.1 case depthdepth of compression below the surfaceto the nearest zero stress plane.3.2.2 chemically strengthened glassglass which has beenstrengthened by ion exchange to produce a compressive stresslayer at the treated surface.3.2.3 ion exchange processthe exchange of constituen

11、tions in the glass with externally supplied ions (generally attemperatures near the strain point of the glass). This may beaccomplished by immersing glass in a molten salt bath orsolution with or without electric field assistance, exposingglass to plasma, applying a paste on the glass surface, orcon

12、tacting glass with molten salts in a furnace.3.2.4 surface compressionan in-plane stress which tendsto compact the atoms in the surface.4. Significance and Use4.1 Chemically strengthened glass is significantly strongerthan annealed glass, depending upon the glass composition,strengthening process, l

13、evel of abrasion, and the application1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glassand Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.08 on FlatGlass.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last pr

14、evious edition approved in 2005 as C142299(2005)1.DOI: 10.1520/C1422_C1422M-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page o

15、nthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.1Copyright ASTM International, 1

16、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.environment. The strengthening process does not contributesignificantly to optical distortion.4.2 The chemical strengthening process can effectivelystrengthen glass of all sizes and shapes and can be useful incases in

17、 which glass is too thin, small, or complex-shaped forthermal tempering.4.3 Monolithic chemically strengthened glass is not a safetyglazing product because its break pattern is similar to that ofannealed glass. When safety glazing is required, chemicallystrengthened glass shall be laminated in accor

18、dance withCPSC 16CFR 1201 Cat. I or Cat. II or ANSI Z97.12009.4.4 The very nature of the chemical strengthening processalters the glass surface chemistry. Therefore, the procedures forand the performance of postprocessing steps, such as laminat-ing and coating, can be different from that of nonchemi

19、callystrengthened glass.4.5 Modulus of rupture (MOR), weight gain, and opticalmethods are other methods used for process control in chemi-cal strengthening.5. Classification5.1 KindsChemically strengthened glass furnished in ac-cordance with this specification shall be classified on the basisof the

20、surface compression levels (Level 1-7) and case depth(Levels A-F). These levels are independent of each other.Increasing levels of surface compression permit an increasingamount of flexure. Greater case depths offer more protectionfrom strength reduction caused by abuse and abrasion. Thethickness of

21、 the test specimen shall be reported with the surfacecompression and case depth levels. Case depth values mayvary on different thicknesses of the same glass type which havebeen manufactured under similar chemical exchange condi-tions. For classification purposes, all surface compression andcase dept

22、h values are to be reported on 3 mm 18 in. thickwitness specimens in accordance with 8.1.3.5.1.1 Surface Compression:5.1.1.1 Level 1Surface compression, 7 MPa 1000 psi#172 MPa 25 000 psi.5.1.1.2 Level 2Surface compression, 172 MPa 25 000psi #345 MPa 50 000 psi.5.1.1.3 Level 3Surface compression, 345

23、 MPa 50 000psi #517 MPa 75 000 psi.5.1.1.4 Level 4Surface compression, 517 MPa 75 000psi #690 MPa 100 000 psi.5.1.1.5 Level 5Surface compression, 690 MPa 100 000psi #862 MPa 125 000 psi.5.1.1.6 Level 6Surface compression, 862 MPa 125 000psi #1034 MPa 150 000 psi.5.1.1.7 Level 7Surface compression, 1

24、034 MPa150 000 psi.5.1.2 Case Depth:5.1.2.1 Level ACase depth, #50 m 0.002 in.5.1.2.2 Level BCase depth, 50 m 0.002 in. and #150m 0.006 in.5.1.2.3 Level CCase depth, 150 m 0.006 in. and#250 m 0.010 in.5.1.2.4 Level DCase depth, 250 m 0.010 in. and#350 m 0.014 in.5.1.2.5 Level ECase depth, 350 m 0.01

25、4 in. and#500 m 0.020 in.5.1.2.6 Level FCase depth, 500 m 0.020 in.6. Ordering Information6.1 Purchasers should select the preferred options permittedin this specification and include the following information inthe procurement documents:6.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.6.1.2 Surf

26、ace compression (see 5.1.1) or minimum accept-able value.6.1.3 Case depth (see 5.1.2) or minimum acceptable value.6.1.4 Fabrication information (see 7.1).7. Fabrication7.1 FabricationAfter the glass has been chemicallystrengthened, it shall only be modified as recommended by thefabricator. No modifi

27、cation shall be made that will affect thesurface compression and case depth.7.1.1 ThicknessSubstrates for chemically strengthenedglass shall be in accordance with the thicknesses in Specifica-tion C1036 and as specified therein (see Section 6). Allthicknesses may not be available. Consult the manufa

28、cturer orthe fabricator.8. Test Method8.1 Preparation of the Test Specimen:8.1.1 Prepare the test specimens from the same material asthe test batch and anneal before chemically strengthening.8.1.2 Protect the edges of the test specimens during thepreparation process (slicing, grinding, smoothing).8.

29、1.3 A witness specimen plate having minimum length andwidth of 25 by 12.5 mm 1 by12 in. and having a nominalthickness of 3 mm 0.12 in. shall be processed. Both the largeflat faces of the specimen shall have the as-fabricated condi-tion. After the chemical strengthening process, slice a sectionfrom t

30、his specimen perpendicularly at least 2 mm 0.08 in.away from the ends (see Fig. 1). The thickness (height) of thisFIG. 1 Slice LocationC1422/C1422M 102section between parallel faces shall not exceed 4 mm, whichallows for grinding and polishing loss.5Lightly polish thesection using conventional ceram

31、ographic techniques and usethe section for classification by viewing the optical retardationthrough its height.8.2 Apparatus for Measuring of the Surface Stress in aSection (Slice):8.2.1 Microscope, used with a minimum objective timeseyepiece magnification of 25x. Case depths 50 microns shalluse a m

32、inimum magnification of 50x.8.2.2 Polarizers, installed in mutually crossed orientation,aligned at +45 to the symmetry plane of the microscope.8.2.3 Means of Measuring Distances Between the BlackFringe and the Edge, including a fine-graduated reticle or afilar micrometer eyepiece (specimen fixed to

33、the stage) or a finereticle (specimen supported on a micrometer stage). Themeasuring system must resolve 1 m or 2 % of the case depth,whichever is greater. If a filar micrometer is used, it must becalibrated using a certified precision scale.8.3 Make the measurement of case depth from the center oft

34、he dark fringes to the nearest fabrication surface using thereticle or the filar eyepiece. Compute the separation betweenthe center of the dark fringe and the nearest surface using theknown calibration and report as the case depth (see Fig. 2).8.4 Measurement of Surface Stress:8.4.1 The edge stress

35、of the slice removed from the witnessspecimen can be measured using a microscope defined in 8.2.Measure the retardation at the edge using a suitable compen-sator in accordance with Test Method C978 and convert tostress in accordance with 8.5.2.8.4.2 When visibility of the edge is inadequate, extrapo

36、la-tion techniques are permitted. To implement the extrapolation,measure the optical retardation or birefringence at severalpoints between the zero fringe and the edge, typically in 10-mintervals (a minimum of three points is required). The profilemust be then extrapolated to the edge as shown in Fi

37、g. 3.8.4.3 In some instances, the surface stress of the chemicallystrengthened witness specimen can be measured using refrac-tometry techniques, in accordance with Test Method C1279.8.5 Calculation of Surface Stress:8.5.1 When surface polarimetry is used, the manufacturerscalibration is required to

38、convert the instrument reading tosurface stress.8.5.2 When edge retardation is measured in accordance with8.4.1 or in 8.4.2, calculate stress using the following:S 5 R/tC 1v!# (1)where:S = stress, MPa;R = measured retardation, nm;t = slice thickness, mm;v = Poissons ratio (0.22 for most float glasse

39、s); andC = stress-optic coefficient, 1012Pa1(Brewster) units,appropriate for the parent glass.68.6 A test report shall include case depth and surfacecompression values measured in accordance with the testmethod in Section 8.9. Keywords9.1 case depth; chemically strengthened; flat glass; ionexchange;

40、 surface compression5The recommended range is from 0.15 to 3.00 mm 0.005 to 0.12 in. Specimenthicknesses at the lower end of this range yield better results.6See Varshneya, A.K. Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, 2nd edition, Societyof Glass Technology, Sheffield UK, 2006, page 554.FIG. 2 Case Depth

41、 and Birefringence Measurement PositionsC1422/C1422M 103ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent

42、 rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either

43、 for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hea

44、ring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard

45、 may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. 3 Extrapolation Plot of Birefringence Versus Depth in GlassC1422/C1422M 104