1、Designation: C1433 16aC1433 16bStandard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sections cast
3、 monolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the companion to SI Specification C1433M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.NOTE 1This specification is prim
4、arily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. However, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the inst
5、allation conforms to the construction specifications. The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that proper correlation of the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified, and provision forinspection at the constructio
6、n site, are required.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA706/A706M Specification for Def
7、ormed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150/C150M Specification for Portlan
8、d CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, or TileC595/C595M Specification f
9、or Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Se
10、alantsC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydrauli
11、c Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1675 Practice for Installation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and SewersC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Stand
12、ard:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2016Nov. 1, 201
13、6. Published February 2016November 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2016 asC1433 16.C1433 16a. DOI: 10.1520/C1433-16A.10.1520/C1433-16B.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
14、ual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard a
15、nd is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only
16、 the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Te
17、rminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections manufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Table 1 and Table 2, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box se
18、ctions produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the results of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 1011, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection ofthe finished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for accep
19、tance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates, admixtures ifused, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete act toge
20、ther.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements ofSpecification C595/C595M, except
21、 that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Slag CementSlag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.6.2.
22、4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall beone of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Portland pozzolan cement only,6.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5
23、A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,6.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash, or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzola
24、n cement and fly ash.6.3 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 AdmixturesThe following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixt
25、ure conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel ReinforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to
26、 Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 11.612.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 60, in conjunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement areto be submitted for
27、the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either Specification A615/A615M, Grade 60, or SpecificationA706/A706M, Grade 60.6.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be
28、 allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type 1) designed andmanufactured specifically for use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C11
29、16M shall beaccepted.6.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section dimensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be aspresc
30、ribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 1112. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedC1433 16b2earth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed for combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the inters
31、tate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic
32、 StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs that differ from the designs in Section 7.1; or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown in Tables1 and 2. When spans are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design s
33、hall be based on the criteria givenin Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9 ofAASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or st
34、ockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in the box areFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsFIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Join
35、t ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementC1433 16b3larger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box stru
36、cture.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 1 in., subject to theprovisions of Section 1112. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and theoutside circumferential reinforcement shall ext
37、end into the groove portion of the joint. The clear distance of the end circumferentialwires shall be not less than 12 in. nor more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizingany combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multip
38、le layers shall not be separated by more thanthe thickness of one longitudinal wire plus 14 in. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All otherspecification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to thi
39、s methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 or (or As3) and As4, and also forboth As7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see
40、 Fig. 4). When a single cage of multiple circumferential steel areas is used for As2 (or As3)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall
41、be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmeeting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement
42、ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall
43、not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and SpacingSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 2 in. but not less
44、 than 10 in. If As1 is extended to the middle of either slab and connected, welded splices are not prohibitedin the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Fig. 5 or Fig. 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig. 8). IfFIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)FIG. 5 Detailed Reinforcement
45、ArrangementC1433 16b4welds are made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected circumferential wires that are not less than18 in. apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, they shall bewelded only to these
46、 selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except it is notprohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No welds shallbe made toAs2 orAs3 circumferential wires in the middle third of
47、the span. (See Fig. 9 for welding restrictions.) When distributionreinforcement is to be fastened to a cage by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near the ends of thebox section. If welds are made to Grade 60 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A7
48、06/A706M shall be used.The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than 2 in. nor more than 4 in. The spacing center to centerof the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 8 in.FIG. 6 Detail OptionFIG. 7 Alternate DetailFIG. 8 Alternate DetailC1433 16b58. Installat
49、ion8.1 The successful performance of this product depends upon proper installation as the soil/structure interaction is consideredin the design. The effects of this interaction are highlighted in Note 1 and Note 3. The precast reinforced concrete box section/soilsystem shall be constructed to conform to Practice C1675 for the installation conditions assumed for design and in accordance withthe dimensions and requirements specified or shown on the plans. The tabular steel designs in this Standard assume compactedsidefill. See Appendix X1 for additiona
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