1、Designation: C1433M 15C1433M 16Standard Specification forPrecast Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Box Sections forCulverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1433M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopt
2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers single-cell precast reinforced concrete box sec
3、tions cast monolithically and intended to be used forthe construction of culverts and for the conveyance of storm water industrial wastes and sewage.1.2 This specification is the SI companion to Specification C1433.NOTE 1This specification is primarily a manufacturing and purchasing specification. H
4、owever, standard designs are included and the criteria usedto develop these designs are given in Appendix X1. The successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of the box section,bedding, backfill, and care that the installation conforms to the construction specifications.
5、 The purchaser of the precast reinforced concrete box sectionsspecified herein is cautioned that he must properly correlate the loading conditions and the field requirements with the box section specified and providefor inspection at the construction site.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A
6、615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for ConcreteA615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/
7、A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC150C1
8、50/C150M Specification for Portland CementC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC309 Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC497M Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections
9、, or Tile (Metric)C595C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC989C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
10、MortarsC990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint SealantsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1602/C1602M Specification
11、 for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Concrete StructuresC1677 Specification for Joints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets2.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges1 This specification is
12、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipeand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.07 on AcceptanceSpecifications and Precast Concrete Box Sections.Current edition approved April 1, 2015Jan. 15, 2016. Published April 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1999. Last
13、previous edition approved in 20142015 asC1433M 14.C1433M 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1433M-15.10.1520/C1433M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards D
14、ocument Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicat
15、ion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be cons
16、idered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Types4.1 Precast reinforced concrete box sections ma
17、nufactured in accordance with this specification shall be one of two typesidentified in Tables 1 and 2, and shall be designated by type, span, rise, and design earth cover.5. Basis of Acceptance5.1 Acceptability of the box sections produced in accordance with Section 7 shall be determined by the res
18、ults of the concretecompressive strength tests described in Section 10, by the material requirements described in Section 6, and by inspection of thefinished box sections.5.2 Box sections shall be considered ready for acceptance when they conform to the requirements of this specification.6. Material
19、6.1 Reinforced ConcreteThe reinforced concrete shall consist of cementitious materials, mineral aggregates and water,aggregates, admixtures if used, and water in which steel has been embedded in such a manner that the steel and concrete acttogether.6.2 Cementitious Materials:6.2.1 CementCement shall
20、 conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150C150/C150M or shall beportland blast-furnace slag cement cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to therequirements of Specification C595C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Typ
21、e IP portland pozzolan cementshall be fly ash.6.2.2 Fly AshFly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.6.2.3 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag (GGBFS)Slag CementGGBFS Slag cement shall conform to the requirementsof Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989C989
22、/C989M.6.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious MaterialsThe combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shallbe one of the following:6.2.4.1 Portland cement only,6.2.4.2 Portland blast furnace blast-furnace slag cement only,6.2.4.3 Slag modified portland Portland-pozzolan cement
23、only,6.2.4.4 Portland pozzolan Portland-limestone cement only,6.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash.ash,6.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement and ground granulated blast-furnace slag, or portland-limestone cement, and slagcement,6.2.4.7 A combination of
24、 portland cement, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitiousweight), and fly ash (not to exceed 25 % of the total cementitious weight).cement or portland-limestone, slag cement, and fly ash,or6.2.4.8 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.6.3 Ag
25、gregatesAggregates shall conform to Specification C33C33/C33M, except that the requirements for gradation shall notapply.6.4 Admixtures and BlendsAdmixturesAdmixtures and blends shall be allowed to be used with the approval of thepurchaser.The following admixtures and blends are allowable:6.4.1 Air-
26、entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M;6.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M;6.4.3 Chemical admixture for use in producing flowing concrete conforming to Specification C1017/C1017M; and6.4.4 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.6.5 Steel Re
27、inforcementReinforcement shall consist of welded wire reinforcement conforming to Specification A1064/A1064M. Circumferential reinforcement areas in Tables 1 and 2 are based solely on the use of welded wire reinforcement, referto 11.6 if alternate steel designs utilizing steel bars, Grade 420, in co
28、njunction with or in lieu of welded wire reinforcement areto be submitted for the owners approval. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement shall be allowed to consist of welded wirereinforcement or deformed billet-steel bars conforming to either Specification A615/A615M, Grade 420, or SpecificationA
29、706/A706M, Grade 420.6.6 FibersSynthetic fibers and nonsynthetic fibers shall be allowed to be used, at the manufacturers option, in concrete pipeas a nonstructural manufacturing material. Synthetic fibers (Type II and Type III) and nonsynthetic fiber (Type 1) designed andmanufactured specifically f
30、or use in concrete and conforming to the requirements of Specification C1116/C1116M shall beaccepted.C1433M 1626.7 WaterWater used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements ofSpecification C1602/C1602M.7. Design7.1 Design TablesThe box section di
31、mensions, compressive strength of the concrete, and reinforcement details shall be asprescribed in Table 1 or Table 2 and Figs. 1-4, subject to the provisions of Section 11. Table 1 sections are designed for combinedearth dead load andAASHTO HS20 live load conditions. Table 2 sections are designed f
32、or combined earth dead load and interstatelive load conditions when the interstate live loading exceeds the HS20 live loading. Criteria used to develop Tables 1 and 2 aregiven in Appendix X1.NOTE 2The tabular designs in this specification were prepared according to AASHTO Standard Specifications for
33、 Highway Bridges, 1997 Edition.7.2 Modified and Special Designs for Monolithic StructuresThe manufacturer shall request approval by the purchaser ofmodified designs which differ from the designs in Section 7.1, or special designs for sizes and loads other than those shown inTables 1 and 2. When span
34、s are required that exceed those prescribed in Table 1 or Table 2, the design shall be based on the criteriagiven in Appendix X1. In addition, the span shall be designed to have adequate stiffness to limit deflection as given in Section 8.9of AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges (latest
35、 edition).NOTE 3Construction procedures, such as heavy equipment movement or stockpiling of material over or adjacent to a box structure, can induce higherloads than those used for the structures final design. These construction and surcharge loads are approved as long as the final steel areas in th
36、e box arelarger than those the box will experience in the final installation condition. The design engineer should take into consideration the potential for higherloads induced by construction procedures in determining the final design of the box structure.7.3 Placement of ReinforcementThe cover of
37、concrete over the circumferential reinforcement shall be 25 mm, subject to theprovisions of Section 11. The inside circumferential reinforcement shall extend into the tongue portion of the joint and the outsidecircumferential reinforcement shall extend into the groove portion of the joint. The clear
38、 distance of the end circumferential wiresshall be not less than 13 mm nor more than 50 mm from the ends of the box section. Reinforcement shall be assembled utilizingany combination of single or multiple layers of welded-wire reinforcement. Multiple layers shall not be separated by more thanthe thi
39、ckness of one longitudinal wire plus 6 mm. The multiple layers shall be fastened together to form a single cage. All otherspecification requirements such as laps, welds, and tolerances of placement in the wall of the box section shall apply to this methodof fabricating a reinforcement cage. A common
40、 reinforcement unit may be utilized for both As2 (or As3) and As4, and also for bothAs7 (or As8) and As1, with the largest area requirement governing, bending the reinforcement at the corners and waiving theextension requirements of Fig. 3 (see Fig. 5). When a single cage of multiple circumferential
41、 steel areas is used for As2 (or As3)and As4 reinforcement, the slab or wall requiring the larger steel area shall have this additional circumferential steel extending forthe full length of the slab or wall. The welded-wire reinforcement shall be composed of circumferential and longitudinal wiresmee
42、ting the spacing requirements of 7.4 and shall contain sufficient longitudinal wires extending through the box section tomaintain the shape and position of reinforcement. Longitudinal distribution reinforcement may be welded-wire reinforcement ordeformed billet-steel bars and shall meet the spacing
43、requirements of 7.4. The ends of the longitudinal distribution reinforcementshall not be more than 2 in. from the ends of the box section. The exposure of the ends of longitudinals, stirrups, and spacers usedto position the reinforcement shall not be a cause for rejection.7.4 Laps, Welds, and Spacin
44、gSplices in the circumferential reinforcement shall be made by lapping. The overlap measuredbetween the outermost longitudinal wires of each reinforcement sheet shall not be less than the spacing of the longitudinal wiresplus 50 mm but not less than 250 mm. If As1 is extended to the middle of either
45、 slab and connected, welded splices are notFIG. 1 Typical Box SectionsC1433M 163prohibited in the connection. When used, As7 and As8 shall be lapped with As1 as shown in Figs. 5 and 6 (see also Fig. 7 and Fig.8). If welds are made to circumferential reinforcement, they shall be made only to selected
46、 circumferential wires that are not lessthan 450 mm apart along the longitudinal axis of the box section. Also, when spacers are welded to circumferential wires, theyshall be welded only to these selected circumferential wires. There shall be no welding to other circumferential wires, except itis no
47、t prohibited for As4 to be lapped and welded at any location or connected by welding at the corners to As2 and As3. No weldsshall be made to As2 or As3 circumferential wires in the middle third of the span (see Fig. 9 for welding restrictions). Whendistribution reinforcement is to be fastened to a c
48、age by welding, it shall be welded only to longitudinal wires and only near theends of the box section. If welds are made to Grade 420 reinforcing bars, weldable bars conforming to Specification A706/A706Mshall be used. The spacing center to center of the circumferential wires shall not be less than
49、 50 mm nor more than 100 mm. Thespacing center to center of the longitudinal wires shall not be more than 200 mm.FIG. 2 Section A-A Top and Bottom Slab Joint ReinforcementFIG. 3 Detail Inner ReinforcementFIG. 4 Detail Option (see Fig. 3)C1433M 1648. Joints8.1 The precast reinforced concrete box sections shall be produced with tongue and groove ends. The ends shall be of suchdesign and the ends of the box sections so formed that the sections can be laid together to make a continuous line of box sectionscompatible with the permissible variations given in
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