1、Designation: C 1439 99e1Standard Test Methods forPolymer-Modified Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in October 1999.1. Scope1.1 Most sections of ASTM test methods and practices forhydraulic cement mortar a
3、nd concrete apply to the preparationand testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. How-ever, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that needspecial procedures in order to develop the properties inherentwith polymer-modification. These test methods cover theseexceptions.1.2 For testi
4、ng polymer-modified mortar and concrete speci-mens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in thereferenced ASTM test methods and practices. These testmethods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar andconcrete.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.4 This stan
5、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
6、STM Standards:C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates2C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of CylindricalConcrete Specimens2C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of HydraulicCement Mortar (using 2-inch or 50 mm Cube)2C 127 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption ofCoarse Aggrega
7、te2C 128 Test Method for Specific Gravity and Absorption ofFine Aggregate2C 138 Test Method for Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content(Gravimetric) of Concrete2C 143 Test Method for Slump of Portland Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland Cement2C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mix
8、edConcrete by the Volumetric Method2C 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortar3C 192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci-mens in the Laboratory2C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure Method2C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Adm
9、ixtures for Con-crete2C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency3C 403 Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mix-tures by Penetration Resistance2C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete2C 778 Specification for Standard Sand
10、3C 1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of ConcretesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration2C 1404 Test Method for Bond Strength of Adhesive Sys-tems Used with Concretes Measured by Direction Tension2C 1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for Hydraulic Cement Concrete
11、and Mortar23. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to develop data for com-parison with the requirements of Specification C 1438. Stan-dardized procedures are used to compare the properties ofspecimens made from test mixtures of polymer-modified con-crete or mortar with the properties
12、 of specimens made fromreference mixtures. These test methods are not intended tosimulate job conditions.4. Materials4.1 polymer modifierthe polymer modifier of the requiredtype as furnished by the supplier.4.2 antifoam agentantifoam agent of the type recom-mended by the manufacturer, if one is not
13、incorporated in thepolymer modifier.4.3 cementportland cement conforming to SpecificationC 150; if necessary, blend into a single lot prior to test. Usesame lot for both test and reference mixtures.4.4 aggregatesfine and coarse aggregates for concreteconforming to Specification C 33; if necessary, b
14、lend each into1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concreteand Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.44 onPolymer Modified Concrete and Mortars.Current edition approved July 10, 1999. Published September 1999.2Annual Book of ASTM Sta
15、ndards, Vol 04.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.a single lot prior to test. Use same lot for both test andreference mixtures.4.5 graded sandsand for mortar mixtures conforming toSpecification C 778; i
16、f necessary, blend into a single lot priorto test. Use same lot for both test and reference mixtures.5. Proportioning of Concrete and Mortar Mixtures5.1 Concrete Mixture ProportioningMake the test andreference concrete with proportions similar to those shown fora nominal cubic-meter batch.5.1.1 Test
17、 ConcreteMake the test concrete conforming tothe following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Polymer ModifierBAntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 127 and C 128.BThe level recommen
18、ded by the manufacturer.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixingthe concrete.DThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.1.2 Reference ConcreteMake the reference concreteconfo
19、rming to the following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Air-entraining admixtureBPotable waterCASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 127 and C 128.BThe amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification
20、 C 260, to givean air content within 2 % of the test concrete and not exceeding 7.0 %.CThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.2 Mortar Mixture Proportioning:5.2.1 Test MortarMake the test mortar conforming to thefollowing proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 6 2Graded sandA2
21、75 6 10Polymer modifierBAntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe level recommended by the manufacturer.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier
22、 prior to mixingthe mortar.DThe amount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when testedaccording to Test Method C 109.5.2.2 Reference MortarMake the reference mortar con-forming to the following proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 6 2Graded sandA275 6 10Air-entraining admixture
23、BPotable waterCASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification C 260, to givean air content that is within 2 % of the test mortar and not exceeding 12.0 %.CAmount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when tested
24、accordingto Test Method C 109.6. Procedure6.1 GeneralMix concretes and mortars in mechanicalmixers in batches of such size as to leave about 10 % excessafter molding test specimens and testing the unhardenedmixtures.6.2 TemperatureBefore mixing the concrete or mortar,bring the materials to a uniform
25、 temperature, as described inPractice C 192 for concrete and Test Method C 109 for mortar.6.3 Polymer ModifierStore the polymer modifier in a dryplace, in moisture-proof containers. Mix the polymer modifierthoroughly before use to ensure uniformity.6.4 Reference Concrete and MortarPrepare referencec
26、oncrete or mortar in compliance with Practice C 192 or TestMethod C 109, respectively.NOTE 1For trial batches to establish the amounts of water andair-entraining admixture to achieve the specified fresh properties, it ispermissible to add these ingredients in increments and remix the batches.With th
27、e first increment of water and air-entraining admixture, if appli-cable, follow the mixing procedures specified in the previous section. Ifthe slump, or flow, or air content is less than required, add additional wateror air-entraining admixture and remix the batch. For mortar mixtures,remix at slow
28、speed for 30 s. For concrete, remix the batch for 1 min.Remixing is permitted as often as necessary, provided the elapsed timefrom the start of initial mixing to the completion of mixing does notexceed 30 min. Cover the mixer to minimize evaporation when tests offresh properties are being performed.
29、 These are trial batches only and arenot to be used for testing.6.5 Test MortarFor mixing test mortar, follow PracticeC 305, with the following changes:6.5.1 For Latex Polymer Modifiers:6.5.1.1 Place all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent,as required) and mixing water in the bowl.6.5.1.2 Add
30、the cement to the bowl; start the mixer and mixat the slow speed (140 6 5 r/min) for 30 s.6.5.2 For Powder Polymer Modifiers:6.5.2.1 Blend all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent,as required) and cement, within1hofmixing the mortar.6.5.2.2 Place the water in the bowl.6.5.2.3 Add the cement/pol
31、ymer modifier blend to thewater; start the mixer and mix at the slow speed (140 6 5r/min) for 30 s6.6 Test ConcreteFor mixing test concrete, follow Prac-tice C 192, with the following changes:6.6.1 For Latex Polymer ModifiersPrior to starting rota-tion of the mixer, add the coarse aggregate, polymer
32、 modifier,and approximately half of the water. Rotate the mixer a fewrevolutions, then add the fine aggregate, cement and remainingwater. Mix the concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 minute rest,followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover the open end of themixer during the rest period to prevent evaporati
33、on. Takeprecautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).6.6.2 For Powder Polymer ModifiersBlend all the poly-mer modifier (with antifoam agent, as required) and cement,within1hofmixing the concrete. Prior t
34、o starting rotation ofthe mixer, add the coarse aggregate and approximately half ofthe water. Rotate the mixer a few revolutions, then add the fineaggregate, cement/polymer modifier blend, and remainingwater. Mix the concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 min rest,followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover
35、the open end of themixer during the rest period to prevent evaporation. TakeC 14392precautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).NOTE 2It is difficult to recover all of the mortar from mixers. Tocompensat
36、e for this difficulty one of the following procedures may be usedto ensure the correct final proportions in the batch:(1) “Buttering the Mixer”Just prior to mixing the test batch, themixer is “buttered” by mixing a batch proportioned to simulate closely thetest batch. The mortar adhering to the mixe
37、r after discharging is intendedto compensate for loss of mortar from the test batch.(2) “Over-Mortaring” the MixtureThe test mixture is proportionedby the use of an excess mortar, the amount established in advance, tocompensate for that which, on the average, adheres to the mixer. In thiscase the mi
38、xer is cleaned before mixing the test batch.7. Tests of Freshly Mixed Concrete and Mortar7.1 ConcretesTest samples of the freshly mixed concretein accordance with the following methods:7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C 143.7.1.2 Air ContentTest Method C 173 or C 231.7.1.3 Unit WeightTest Method C 138.7.1.4 T
39、ime of SettingTest Method C 403.7.2 MortarsTest samples of the freshly mixed mortar inaccordance with the following methods:7.2.1 FlowTest Method C 109.7.2.2 Unit WeightTest Method C 185.7.2.3 Time of SettingTest Method C 403.7.2.4 Air Content.7.2.5 Test Mortar:7.2.5.1 Mass per 400 mL of Test Mortar
40、When the quan-tity of mixing water has been found that produces a flow of 105to 115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mL ofmortar, following the procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.5.2 Air Content CalculationCalculate the air contentof the test mortar using the following formulas, which areb
41、ased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:air content, volume % 5 100 1Wa/ Wc! (1)whereWa5 measured density of test mortar, g/mL,5 Wt/400, where Wtis the mass in grams of 400 mL ofthe test mortar,Wc5 theoretical mass per unit vo
42、lume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:5100 1 275 1 L 1 A 1 D1003.1512752.651LSL1ASA1D1.0(2)where:L 5 mass of polymer modifier (includes water), g/100 gcement,SL5 specific gravity of polymer modifier,A 5 mass of antifoam agent, g/100 g cement,SA5 specific gravity of antifoam agent, andD 5 m
43、ass of water added, g/100 g cement.7.2.6 Reference Mortar:7.2.6.1 Mass per 400 mL of Reference MortarWhen thequantity of mixing water has been found that produces a flowof 105 to 115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mLof mortar, following the procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.6.2 Air Cont
44、ent CalculationCalculate the air contentof the reference mortar using the following formulas, which arebased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:Air content, volume % 5 100 1 Wa/ Wc! (3)where:Wa5 measured density of reference m
45、ortar, g/mL,5 Wr/400, where Wris the mass in grams of 400 mL ofthe reference mortar,Wc5 theoretical mass per unit volume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:100 1 275 1 AE 1 D1003.1512752.651AESAE1D1.0(4)where:AE 5 mass of air-entraining admixture, g/100 g cement,SAE5 specific gravity of air-
46、entraining admixture, andD 5 mass of water added, g/100 g cement.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Prepare test specimens, from at least three separatebatches of the mixtures being tested, according to the proce-dures in the test methods prescribed in Section 9. Threereplicates shall be required f
47、or each test, except for TestMethod C 1202, for which two replicates are acceptable.Complete the preparation of all specimens within three days.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensVisually examine eachspecimen before testing. Do not test any specimen found to bemanifestly faulty by such examination. Visu
48、ally examine allspecimens after testing, and discard the test result of anyspecimen found to be manifestly faulty. Should more than onespecimen for a given test at a given age be found manifestlyfaulty either before or after testing, disregard the entire test andrepeat. The test results reported sha
49、ll be the average of theindividual test results of the three specimens tested or, in theevent that one specimen or one result has been disregarded, theaverage of the test results of the two remaining specimens.8.3 Curing:8.3.1 Reference Concrete and MortarCure reference con-crete and mortar specimens in conformance with PracticeC 192 and Test Method C 109, respectively.8.3.2 Test Concrete and MortarUnless otherwise speci-fied, immediately cover the polymer-modified concrete andmortar specimens with polyethylene film (0.1 mm minimumthickness) and
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