1、Designation: C 1439 08aStandard Test Methods forEvaluating Polymer Modifiers in Mortar and Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods provide a means of determining theeffect of adding polymer modifiers to reference concrete ormortar.1.2 Most
3、sections of ASTM test methods and practices forhydraulic cement mortar and concrete apply to the preparationand testing of specimens made with polymer-modifiers. How-ever, there are some exceptions, most notably curing, that needspecial procedures in order to develop the properties inherentwith poly
4、mer-modification. These test methods cover theseexceptions.1.3 For testing polymer-modified mortar and concrete speci-mens, the procedures in this standard supersede those in thereferenced ASTM test methods and practices. These testmethods are not applicable to dry, packaged mortar andconcrete.1.4 T
5、he values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pri
6、ate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33 Specification for
7、Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C 127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of C
8、oarse AggregateC 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for
9、Portland CementC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC 185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic CementMortarC 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in the LaboratoryC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedCo
10、ncrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 403/C 403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 494/C 494M Specific
11、ation for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 778 Specification for Standard SandC 1202 Test Method for Electrical Indication of ConcretesAbility to Resist Chloride Ion PenetrationC 1404/C 1404M Test Method for Bond Strength of Adhe-sive Systems Used With Concrete as Measured by DirectTensionC 1437 Tes
12、t Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarC 1438 Specification for Latex and Powder Polymer Modi-fiers for Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to develop data for com-parison with the requirements of Specification C 1438. Stan-dardized procedu
13、res are used to compare the properties of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.44 on Polymer-Modified Concrete and MortarsCurrent edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 20
14、08. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C 1439 08.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service
15、 at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
16、959, United States.specimens made from test mixtures of polymer-modified con-crete or mortar with the properties of specimens made fromreference mixtures. These test methods are not intended tosimulate job conditions.4. Materials4.1 polymer modifierthe polymer modifier of the requiredtype as furnish
17、ed by the supplier.4.2 antifoam agentantifoam agent of the type recom-mended by the manufacturer, if one is not incorporated in thepolymer modifier.4.3 cementportland cement conforming to SpecificationC 150; if necessary, blend into a single lot prior to test. Usesame lot for both test and reference
18、 mixtures.4.4 aggregatesfine and coarse aggregates for concreteconforming to Specification C33; if necessary, blend each intoa single lot prior to test. Use same lot for both test andreference mixtures.4.5 graded sandsand for mortar mixtures conforming toSpecification C 778; if necessary, blend into
19、 a single lot priorto test. Use same lot for both test and reference mixtures.5. Proportioning of Concrete and Mortar Mixtures5.1 Concrete Mixture ProportioningMake the test andreference concrete with proportions similar to those shown fora nominal cubic-meter batch.5.1.1 Test ConcreteMake the test
20、concrete conforming tothe following requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Polymer ModifierBAntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 127 and C 128.BThe level recommended by the manufacturer
21、.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixingthe concrete.DThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.1.2 Reference ConcreteMake the reference concreteconforming to the following
22、requirements:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 390 6 3Fine aggregateA975 6 6Coarse aggregate #8A780 6 6Air-entraining admixtureBPotable waterCASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 127 and C 128.BThe amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification C 260,togivean air con
23、tent within 2 % of the test concrete and not exceeding 7.0 %.CThe amount of water to give a slump of 90 6 15 mm.5.2 Mortar Mixture Proportioning:5.2.1 Test MortarMake the test mortar conforming to thefollowing proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 6 2Graded sandA275 6 10Polymer modifierBA
24、ntifoam agentCPotable waterDASaturated-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe level recommended by the manufacturer.CIf the polymer modifier does not contain an antifoam agent, add the type anddosage recommended by the manufacturer, to the polymer modifier prior to mixingthe morta
25、r.DThe amount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when testedaccording to Test Method C 1437.5.2.2 Reference MortarMake the reference mortar con-forming to the following proportions:Parts by Mass, kgPortland cement 100 6 2Graded sandA275 6 10Air-entraining admixtureBPotable waterCASaturate
26、d-surface-dry basis as described in Test Methods C 128.BThe amount of air-entraining admixture, meeting Specification C 260,togivean air content that is within 2 % of the test mortar and not exceeding 12.0 %.CAmount of water that produces a flow of 105 to 115 % when tested accordingto Test Method C
27、1437.6. Procedure6.1 GeneralMix concretes and mortars in mechanicalmixers in batches of such size as to leave about 10 % excessafter molding test specimens and testing the unhardenedmixtures.6.2 TemperatureBefore mixing the concrete or mortar,bring the materials to a uniform temperature, as describe
28、d inPractice C 192/C 192M for concrete and Test Method C 109/C 109M for mortar.6.3 Polymer ModifierStore the polymer modifier in a dryplace, in moisture-proof containers. Mix the polymer modifierthoroughly before use to ensure uniformity.6.4 Reference Concrete and MortarPrepare referenceconcrete or
29、mortar in compliance with Practice C 192/C 192Mor Test Method C 109/C 109M, respectively.NOTE 1For trial batches to establish the amounts of water andair-entraining admixture to achieve the specified fresh properties, it ispermissible to add these ingredients in increments and remix the batches.With
30、 the first increment of water and air-entraining admixture, if appli-cable, follow the mixing procedures specified in the previous section. Ifthe slump, or flow, or air content is less than required, add additional wateror air-entraining admixture and remix the batch. For mortar mixtures,remix at sl
31、ow speed for 30 s. For concrete, remix the batch for 1 min.Remixing is permitted as often as necessary, provided the elapsed timefrom the start of initial mixing to the completion of mixing does notexceed 30 min. Cover the mixer to minimize evaporation when tests offresh properties are being perform
32、ed. These are trial batches only and arenot to be used for testing.6.5 Test MortarFor mixing test mortar, follow PracticeC 305, with the following changes:6.5.1 For Latex Polymer Modifiers:6.5.1.1 Place all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent,as required) and mixing water in the bowl.6.5.1.2 A
33、dd the cement to the bowl; start the mixer and mixat the slow speed (140 6 5 r/min) for 30 s.6.5.2 For Powder Polymer Modifiers:6.5.2.1 Blend all the polymer modifier (with antifoam agent,as required) and cement, within1hofmixing the mortar.6.5.2.2 Place the water in the bowl.6.5.2.3 Add the cement/
34、polymer modifier blend to thewater; start the mixer and mix at the slow speed (140 6 5r/min) for 30 s6.6 Test ConcreteFor mixing test concrete, follow Prac-tice C 192/C 192M, with the following changes:C 1439 08a26.6.1 For Latex Polymer ModifiersPrior to starting rota-tion of the mixer, add the coar
35、se aggregate, polymer modifier,and approximately half of the water. Rotate the mixer a fewrevolutions, then add the fine aggregate, cement and remainingwater. Mix the concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 minute rest,followed by 1 min final mixing. Cover the open end of themixer during the rest period
36、 to prevent evaporation. Takeprecautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).6.6.2 For Powder Polymer ModifiersBlend all the poly-mer modifier (with antifoam agent, as required) and cement,within1hofmixing
37、the concrete. Prior to starting rotation ofthe mixer, add the coarse aggregate and approximately half ofthe water. Rotate the mixer a few revolutions, then add the fineaggregate, cement/polymer modifier blend, and remainingwater. Mix the concrete for 3 min, followed by a 1 min rest,followed by 1 min
38、 final mixing. Cover the open end of themixer during the rest period to prevent evaporation. Takeprecautions to compensate for mortar retained by the mixer sothat the discharged batch, as used, will be correctly propor-tioned (see Note 2).NOTE 2It is difficult to recover all of the mortar from mixer
39、s. Tocompensate for this difficulty one of the following procedures may be usedto ensure the correct final proportions in the batch:(1) “Buttering the Mixer”Just prior to mixing the test batch, themixer is “buttered” by mixing a batch proportioned to simulate closely thetest batch. The mortar adheri
40、ng to the mixer after discharging is intendedto compensate for loss of mortar from the test batch.(2) “Over-Mortaring” the MixtureThe test mixture is proportionedby the use of an excess mortar, the amount established in advance, tocompensate for that which, on the average, adheres to the mixer. In t
41、hiscase the mixer is cleaned before mixing the test batch.7. Tests of Freshly Mixed Concrete and Mortar7.1 ConcretesTest samples of the freshly mixed concretein accordance with the following methods:7.1.1 SlumpTest Method C 143/C 143M.7.1.2 Air ContentTest Method C 173/C 173M or C 231.7.1.3 Unit Wei
42、ghtTest Method C 138/C 138M.7.1.4 Time of SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M.7.2 MortarsTest samples of the freshly mixed mortar inaccordance with the following methods:7.2.1 FlowTest Method C 1437.7.2.2 Unit WeightTest Method C 185.7.2.3 Time of SettingTest Method C 403/C 403M.7.2.4 Air Content.7.2.5
43、Test Mortar:7.2.5.1 Mass per 400 mL of Test MortarWhen the quan-tity of mixing water has been found that produces a flow of 105to 115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mL ofmortar, following the procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.5.2 Air Content CalculationCalculate the air contentof the te
44、st mortar using the following formulas, which arebased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:air content, volume % 5 100 1Wa/ Wc! (1)whereWa= measured density of test mortar, g/mL,= Wt/400, where Wtis the mass in grams of 400 mL
45、ofthe test mortar,Wc= theoretical mass per unit volume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:5100 1 275 1 L 1 A 1 D1003.1512752.651LSL1ASA1D1.0(2)where:L = mass of polymer modifier (includes water), g/100 gcement,SL= specific gravity of polymer modifier,A = mass of antifoam agent, g/100 g cemen
46、t,SA= specific gravity of antifoam agent, andD = mass of water added, g/100 g cement.7.2.6 Reference Mortar:7.2.6.1 Mass per 400 mL of Reference MortarWhen thequantity of mixing water has been found that produces a flowof 105 to 115 %, immediately determine the mass per 400 mLof mortar, following th
47、e procedures in Test Method C 185.7.2.6.2 Air Content CalculationCalculate the air contentof the reference mortar using the following formulas, which arebased on the assumption that the specific gravities of theportland cement and sand are 3.15 and 2.65, respectively:Air content, volume % 5 100 1 Wa
48、/ Wc! (3)where:Wa= measured density of reference mortar, g/mL,=Wr/400, where Wris the mass in grams of 400 mL ofthe reference mortar,Wc= theoretical mass per unit volume, calculated on anair-free basis as follows:100 1 275 1 AE 1 D1003.1512752.651AESAE1D1.0(4)where:AE = mass of air-entraining admixt
49、ure, g/100 g cement,SAE= specific gravity of air-entraining admixture, andD = mass of water added, g/100 g cement.8. Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Prepare test specimens, from at least three separatebatches of the mixtures being tested, according to the proce-dures in the test methods prescribed in Section 9. Threereplicates shall be required for each test, except for TestMethod C 1202, for which two replicates are acceptable.Complete the preparation of all specimens within three days.8.2 Manifestly Faulty SpecimensVisually examine each
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