1、Designation: C1450/C1450M 04 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forNon-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Storm Drain Pipe1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1450/C1450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers non-asbestos fiber-cement pipeintended for use in storm-water drainage of highways
3、, airports,farms, foundations, and other similar drainage systems.1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, theSI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore each syste
4、m shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-cation.NOTE 1Experience has shown that the successful performance of thisproduct depends upon the proper selection of the pipe strength, the type ofbedding and backfill, care
5、 that the installation conforms to the construc-tion specifications, and provision for adequate inspection at the construc-tion site. This specification does not include requirements for bedding,backfill, the relationship between field load conditions and the strengthdesignation of the pipe, or dura
6、bility. These requirements should beincluded in the project specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine
7、 the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC500 Test Methods for Asbestos-Cement PipeC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC1154 Ter
8、minology for Non-Asbestos Fiber-Reinforced Ce-ment Products2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment and (Civil Agen-cies)32.3 Military Standards:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes4MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4MIL-STD-414 Sampli
9、ng Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Variables for Percent Defective42.4 Other Standards:Uniform Freight Classification Rules4National Motor Freight Classification Rules52.5 ISO Standards:ISO 390: 1993 Products in Fibre Reinforced CementSampling and Inspection6ISO 2859 1: 1999 Sampling Proced
10、ures for Inspection byAttributes Part 1: Sampling Schemes Indexed by Accep-tance Quality Limit (AQL) for Lot-by-Lot Inspection6ISO 3951: 1989 Sampling Procedures and Charts for Inspec-tion by Variables for Percent Nonconforming63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C1154.3.1.2 cou
11、pling, nin fiber-cement conduit, sewer, underd-rain and storm drain pipecomponent made from a largerdiameter pipe of the same type or class, or of Type II and ahigher class, or produced otherwise to yield at least equalperformance, for joining fiber-cement pipe that when properlyinstalled, forms a s
12、ilt tight joint, allows alignment correctionsand slight changes in direction, and provides an assembledjoint equivalent in serviceability and strength to the pipesections.Alternatively, for storm drain couplings, sleeves madefrom other materials that, when properly installed developsufficient tightn
13、ess to prevent the surrounding soil from enter-ing the drain, may be used as couplings.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of C17.02 onNon-Asbestos Fiber Cement Products.Current edition approved Dec.
14、1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C1450/C1450M04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/C1450_C1450M-04R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of A
15、STMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5904 Attn: NPODS.4Available from the Uniform Classification Commission, Room 1106, 222 S,
16、Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.5Available from National Motor Freight Inc., 1616 “P” St. NW, Washington, DC20036.6Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr
17、ive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Classification4.1 The types of pipe shall be shown as Type I and Type IIcorresponding to the chemical requirements given in S3.NOTE 2There are no chemical requirements for Type I pipe. Type IIpipe is generally accepted as being una
18、ffected by sulfates in groundwaterwhich cause matrix expansion and consequential pipe deterioration.4.2 Fiber-cement storm drain pipe furnished under thisspecification shall be designated as Class I, II, III, IV, and V.The corresponding strength requirements are prescribed inTable 1. The D load is t
19、he saturated crushing test loadexpressed in pounds-force per linear foot per foot of diameter.The D1 load is the saturated crushing test load expressed inNewtons per linear metre per millimetre of diameter. The pipeshall be furnished in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33,36, 42 and 48-in. 1
20、00, 150, 200, 250, 300, 375, 450, 525, 600,675, 750, 825, 900, 1050 and 1200-mm sizes.4.3 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallprovide the owner the relationship between the short-termcrush load required to achieve long-term design loads withsupporting estimates of service life using r
21、ecognized calcula-tion methods.5. Composition and Manufacture5.1 CompositionFiber-cement drain pipes shall be com-posed of an intimate mixture of an inorganic hydraulic binder(see Specification C150) or a calcium silicate binder (seeSpecification C595) formed by the chemical reaction of asiliceous m
22、aterial and a calcareous material reinforced byorganic fibers, inorganic non-asbestos fibers, or both. Processaids, fillers, and pigments which are compatible with fiber-reinforced cement are not prohibited from being added.5.1.1 The manufacturer shall state the type of fiber used inthe pipe, and, w
23、here requested, provide the owner withdocumented evidence that the fibers employed are compatiblewith other materials of that manufacturer.5.2 ManufactureThe pipe wall shall be of laminar con-struction formed under pressure to be a homogeneousstructure, and cured either under natural or acceleratedc
24、onditions, to meet the physical requirements of this specifi-cation.6. Dimensions, Mass, and Tolerances6.1 The nominal length for fiber-cement storm drain pipeshall be designated by the manufacturer. Unless otherwiseagreed by the Owner, furnish a maximum of 15 % of the totalfootage of any one size a
25、nd type for any order, at themanufacturers option, in pipe lengths shorter than the nominallengths.6.2 The underrun in length of a section of pipe shall not bemore than18 in./ft 10 mm/m with a maximum of12 in. 12.7mm in length in any pipe.6.3 The average inside diameter shall not be less than thenom
26、inal size by more than 0.25 in. 6 mm or 112 %ofthenominal size, whichever is greater in value.6.4 The manufacturer shall state the minimum wall dimen-sions of the product it produces that complies with theminimum crush loads presented in Table 1.7. Sampling7.1 All material tested under this specific
27、ation shall betested in the saturated condition after immersion in water at anambient temperature above 41F 5C for a period of 21 to 28days immediately prior to testing.7.1.1 Employ sampling procedures providing an averageoutgoing quality limit (AOQL) of 6.5 %, except where specificsampling is requi
28、red by particular test procedures. AppendixX2 describes a sampling plan which provides an AOQL of 6.5%.7.1.2 The minimum sample size for sampling and accep-tance by attributes or variables shall be in Table 2.7.1.3 Pipes of different sizes or classes but of sequentialmanufacture in a continuous manu
29、facturing process may besampled as being in the same inspection lot.7.2 For crushing tests sample the required number of fulllengths of pipe according to the inspection lot size. Cut one testspecimen no shorter than 6 inches 150 mm long from theunmachined end of each of the selected pipe lengths.(Wa
30、rningIn addition to other precautions, when cuttingfiber-cement products minimize the dust that results. Prolongedbreathing or frequent breathing of significant airborne concen-trations of silica is hazardous. When such dust is generated,effective measures shall be taken to prevent inhalation.)NOTE
31、3When sampling from continuous production, these tests maybe conducted on dry, equilibrium, or saturated specimens, provided arelationship can be established between this testing and the specifiedvalues.NOTE 4A manufacturers process with an AOQL of 6.5 % indicatesthat better than 93.5 % of the inspe
32、cted production exceeds the specifi-cations for marginally accepted product. This type of specificationprovides the protection and confidence of a clearly defined lowerboundary. This would not be true if acceptance were based solely on theaverage value of the measured property. Examples of sampling
33、schemeswhich may be used can be found in documents such as MIL-STD- 105,MIL-STD-414, or ISO 390. Other sampling schemes may be used whichmaintain equally rigorous quality levels. Inspection by attributes consistsof determining, for every item of a sample, the presence or absence of acertain qualitat
34、ive characteristic (attribute) with respect to the applicablespecification. It is, in essence, a pass-fail inspection which determines thenumber of items in a sample that do or do not conform to the specification.An attribute could be a dimensional measurement, or a flexural strengthTABLE 1 Minimum
35、Crushing LoadPipe Class D Load lbf/ft/ft D1 Load N/m/mmI 1200 60II 1500 75III 2000 100IV 3000 150V 3750 175TABLE 2 Minimum Quality Sample SizeInspection by Variables Inspection by AttributesInspection Lot Size NumberSamplesInspection LotSizeNumberSamples 280 3 150 5281 500 4 151 500 8502 1200 5 501
36、3200 13C1450/C1450M 04 (2014)2value, or others that are described in these test methods. Inspection byvariable consists of measuring a quantitative characteristic for each itemin a sample. Conformance with the applicable specification is determinedfrom the mean values of the measured properties and
37、the statisticalvariations of these values above and below the mean.Appendix X2 detailssampling plans to suit all common sampling situations, and specifies thenumber of specimens to be taken from each batch and the acceptance/rejection criteria. The specified inspection levels have been selected to s
38、uitfiber-cement products, to balance the cost of assessment against confi-dence in results commensurate with this industry.8. Couplings8.1 Each standard, short, or random length of pipe shall beprovided with a coupling or joint for the purpose of maintain-ing alignment and to ensure close joints.8.2
39、 Joints shall be of a design, and the ends of the pipesections so formed, that when the sections are laid togetherthey will make a continuous line of pipe with a smooth interiorfree of appreciable irregularities in the flow line and all will becompatible with the tolerances given in Section 6.9. Fit
40、tings9.1 Fiber-cement storm drain pipe fittings shall be suitablein size, crush strength, and design for the pipe with which theywill be furnished.10. Test Methods10.1 Crushing StrengthConduct crushing tests beforeshipment. No shorter than 6 in. 150 mm lengths of pipe cutfrom unmachined portions of
41、the pipe shall be tested inaccordance with the appropriate section of Test Methods C497.11. Inspection11.1 All material furnished under this specification shallconform to the requirements stated herein and shall be sub-jected to factory inspection and tests prescribed in this speci-fication. When sp
42、ecified in the purchase order (see AppendixX1), the manufacturer shall notify the purchaser of the timethat the inspection and testing will take place to allow thepurchaser to arrange for witnessing such tests and inspectionsat his own expense. Instead of such inspection, whenrequested, the manufact
43、urer shall certify that his productconforms to the requirements of this specification.11.2 Each pipe shall be inspected by the manufacturerbefore shipment for compliance with the standards fordimensions, tolerances, workmanship, and finish (see alsoSection 7).11.3 The manufacturer shall maintain a Q
44、uality Manualwhich includes organizational responsibilities in the manufac-turing process, the specification of all raw materials, thespecification of key process variables, the specification of testmethods to be used for testing material in process, and aProcess Quality Assurance Inspection and Tes
45、t Plan whichestablishes those parts of the process which are subject toregular quality assurance inspection and test.11.4 When requested by the purchaser for the purposes ofquality assurance, and to ensure product conformity, a copy ofthe Process QualityAssurance Inspection and Test plan shall besup
46、plied by the manufacturer.12. Rejection12.1 Failure of an inspection lot to comply with the mini-mum crushing loads of Table 1 using a sampling plan with anAOQL of 6.5 % shall be cause for rejecton of that lot.13. Product Marking and Shipping13.1 Each standard and random length of pipe shall bemarke
47、d by the manufacturer with the trade name, nominal sizeand class, and the date of manufacture, in alkali resistant ink orindelible paint. Type II pipes shall be so marked.13.2 Couplings and fittings shall be marked with the sizeand class.13.3 Pipe, couplings, and fittings shall be prepared forcommer
48、cial shipment so as to ensure acceptance by common orother carriers.14. Keywords14.1 drain; drain pipe; fiber-cement; fiber-cement pipe;non-asbestos; storm drain pipeSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements, S1 and S2, shall apply when material is supplied underthis specifi
49、cation for U.S. Government procurement:S1. PackagingS1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract, the materialshall be packaged in accordance with the producers standardpractice, which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates.Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform FreightClassification Rules or National Motor Freight ClassificationRules. Marking for shipment of such material shall be inaccordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies andMIL-STD-129 for military agencies.S2. Responsibility for InspectionS2.1 Unless
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