1、Designation: C1472 10Standard Guide forCalculating Movement and Other Effects When EstablishingSealant Joint Width1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1472; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides information on performance factorssuch as movement, construction tolerances, and other effectst
3、hat should be accounted for to properly establish sealant jointsize. It also provides procedures to assist in calculating anddetermining the required width of a sealant joint enabling it torespond properly to those movements and effects. Informationin this guide is primarily applicable to single- an
4、d multi-component, cold-applied joint sealants and secondarily toprecured sealant extrusions when used with properly preparedjoint openings and substrate surfaces.1.2 Although primarily directed towards the understandingand design of sealant joints for walls for buildings and otherareas, the informa
5、tion contained herein is also applicable tosealant joints that occur in horizontal slabs and paving systemsas well as various sloped building surfaces.1.3 This guide does not describe the selection and propertiesof joint sealants (1)2, nor their use and installation, which isdescribed by Guide C1193
6、.1.4 For protective glazing systems that are designed to resistblast and other effects refer to Guide C1564 in combinationwith this guide.1.5 This guide is not applicable to the design of joints sealedwith aerosol foam sealants.1.6 For structural sealant glazing systems refer to GuideC1401 in combin
7、ation with this guide.1.7 The values and calculations stated in SI units are to beregarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses andinch-pound units are provided for information only. SI units inthis guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997.1.8 The Committee having jurisdiction
8、for this guide is notaware of any comparable standards published by other orga-nizations.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
9、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elasto-mer
10、ic Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (HockmanCycle)C794 Test Method for Adhesion-in-Peel of ElastomericJoint SealantsC920 Specification for Elastomeric Joint SealantsC1193 Guide for Use of Joint SealantsC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingC1481 Guide for Use of Joint Sealants with Exterior
11、Insu-lation and Finish Systems (EIFS)C1518 Specification for Precured Elastomeric SiliconeJoint SealantsC1523 Test Method for Determining Modulus, Tear andAdhesion Properties of Precured Elastomeric Joint Seal-antsC1564 Guide for Use of Silicone Sealants for ProtectiveGlazing Systems2.2 American Con
12、crete Institute (ACI), American Society ofCivil Engineers (ASCE), and The Masonry Society (TMS):4Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (ACI530-02/ASCE 5-02/TMS 401-02) Reported by the Ma-sonry Standards Joint Committee (MSJC)2.3 Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI):5Manual for Quality Co
13、ntrol for Plants and Production ofArchitectural Precast Concrete Products, MNL-177-771This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on Building Sealsand Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifi-cations, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved June
14、 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C1472 06. DOI:10.1520/C1472-10.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
15、contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333,American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
16、, 1801Alexander BellDr., Reston, VA 20191 and The Masonry Society, 3970 Broadway, Suite 201-D,Boulder, CO 80304-1135.5Available from the Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI), 209 W. Jackson Blvd.#500, Chicago, IL 60606.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
17、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.4 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE):6Chapter 27, Climatic Design Information, Tables 1A, 1B,2A, 2B, 3A, 3B,ASHRAE 2002 Fundamentals Handbook2.5 Brick Industry Association (BIA):7Volume Changes, and Effects of
18、Movement, Part I, Techni-cal Notes on Brick Construction, No. 18, Reissued Sept.20002.6 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.(IEEE) and ASTM:3IEEE/ASTM SI 10-2002 Standard for Use of the Interna-tional System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.
19、1 Refer toTerminology C717 for definitions of the termsused in this guide.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 coeffcient of linear thermal movementan increaseor decrease in unit length per unit change in material tempera-ture of a material or assembly of materials.3.2.2 coeffcie
20、nt of solar absorptiona factor describing thecapability of a material or assembly of materials to absorb apercentage of incident solar radiation.3.2.3 heat capacity constanta factor describing the capa-bility of a material or assembly of materials to store heatgenerated by absorbed solar radiation.3
21、.3 Symbols:a = Coefficient of linear thermal movementaB= Coefficient of linear thermal movement for brickaX= Coefficient of linear thermal movement for a par-ticular materialA = Coefficient of solar absorptionAB= Coefficient of solar absorption for brickAX= Coefficient of solar absorption for a part
22、icularmaterialB = Sealant backing lengthC = CompressionCB= Construction tolerance for brick masonryCX= Construction tolerance for a particular material orsystemE = ExtensionEL= Longitudinal extensionET= Transverse extensionEX= Longitudinal or transverse movement for a particu-lar conditionH = Heat c
23、apacity constantHX= Heat capacity constant for a particular materialI = Moisture-induced irreversible growthL = Unrestrained length or sealant joint spacingDLB= Dimensional change due to brick thermal move-mentDLC= Dimensional change due to compressionDLE= Dimensional change due to extensionDLI= Dim
24、ensional change due to irreversible moisturemovementDLL= Dimensional change due to longitudinal extensionDLP= Dimensional change due to precast concrete ther-mal movementDLR= Dimensional change due to reversible moisturemovementDLT= Dimensional change due to transverse extensionDLX= Dimensional chan
25、ge for a particular conditionR = Moisture induced reversible growthS = Sealant movement capacityTA= Hottest summer air temperatureTIS= Maximum summer installation wall surface tem-peratureTIW= Minimum winter installation wall surface tempera-tureTS= Hottest summer wall surface temperatureTW= Coldest
26、 winter wall surface temperatureDTM= Maximum expected temperature differenceDTS= Summer installation temperature differenceDTW= Winter installation temperature differenceDTX= Temperature difference for a particular conditionW = Final designed sealant joint widthWM= Sealant joint width required for m
27、ovementWR= Sealant joint width at rest prior to movement4. Significance and Use4.1 Design professionals, for aesthetic reasons, have desiredto limit the spacing and width of sealant joints on exterior wallsand other locations of new buildings. Analysis of the perfor-mance factors and especially tole
28、rances that affect a sealantjoint is necessary to determine if a joint will have durabilityand be effective in maintaining a seal against the passage of airand water and not experience premature deterioration. Ifperformance factors and tolerances are not understood andincluded in the design of a sea
29、lant joint, then the sealant mayreach its durability limit and failure is a distinct possibility.4.2 Sealant joint failure can result in increased buildingenergy usage due to air infiltration or exfiltration, waterinfiltration, and deterioration of building systems and materi-als. Infiltrating water
30、 can cause spalling of porous and friablebuilding materials such as concrete, brick, and stone; corrosionof ferrous metals; and decomposition of organic materials,among other effects. Personal injury can result from a fallincurred due to a wetted interior surface as a result of a failedsealant joint
31、. Building indoor air quality can be affected due toorganic growth in concealed and damp areas. Deterioration isoften difficult and very costly to repair, with the cost of repairwork usually greatly exceeding the original cost of the sealantjoint work.4.3 This guide is applicable to sealants with an
32、 establishedmovement capacity, in particular elastomeric sealants that meetSpecification C920 with a minimum movement capacity ratingof 6 1212 percent. In general, a sealant with less than 6 1212percent movement capacity can be used with the joint widthsizing calculations; however, the width of a jo
33、int using such asealant will generally become too large to be practicallyconsidered and installed. It is also applicable to precured6Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA30329.7Available from Bric
34、k Industry Association (BIA), formerly Brick Institute ofAmerica, 11490 Commerce Park Dr., Reston, VA 20191-1525.C1472 102sealant extrusions with an established movement capacity thatmeets Specification C1518.4.4 The intent of this guide is to describe some of theperformance factors and tolerances t
35、hat are normally consid-ered in sealant joint design. Equations and sample calculationsare provided to assist the user of this guide in determining therequired width and depth for single and multi-component,liquid-applied sealants when installed in properly preparedjoint openings. The user of this g
36、uide should be aware that thesingle largest factor contributing to non-performance of sealantjoints that have been designed for movement is poor workman-ship. This results in improper installation of sealant and sealantjoint components. The success of the methodology describedby this guide is predic
37、ted on achieving adequate workmanship.4.5 Joints for new construction can be designed by therecommendations in this guide as well as joints that havereached the end of their service life and need routine mainte-nance or joints that require remedial work for a failure toperform. Guide C1193 should al
38、so be consulted when design-ing sealant joints. Failure to install a sealant and its compo-nents following its guidelines can and frequently will result infailure of a joint design.4.6 Peer reviewed papers, published in various ASTMSpecial Technical Publications (STP), provide additional infor-matio
39、n and examples of sealant joint width calculations thatexpand on the information described in this guide (2-5). Forcases in which the state of the art is such that criteria for aparticular condition is not firmly established or there arenumerous variables that require consideration, a referencesecti
40、on is provided for further consideration.4.7 To assist the user of this guide in locating specificinformation, a detailed listing of guide numbered sections andtheir headings is included in Appendix X1.5. Performance Factors5.1 GeneralProper sealant joint design can not be ad-equately performed with
41、out a knowledge and understanding offactors that can affect sealant performance. The followingdescribes most of the commonly encountered performancefactors that are known to influence sealant joint design. Theseperformance factors can act individually or, as is mostly thecase, in various combination
42、s depending on the characteristicsof a particular joint design.5.2 Material and System AnchorageThe type and locationof various wall anchors has an impact on the performance of asealant joint (6). Large precast concrete panels with fixed andmoving anchors, brick masonry support system deflectionbetw
43、een supports (3), and metal and glass curtain wall fixedand moving anchorages are examples of anchorage conditionsthat must be considered and evaluated when designing sealantjoints for movement. Anchor types and their locations have aneffect on determining the effective length of wall material orsup
44、port system deflection characteristics that need to beincluded when designing for sealant joint width.5.3 Thermal MovementWalls of buildings respond toambient temperature change, solar radiation, black-body radia-tion, wetting and drying effects from precipitation, and varyingcloud cover by either i
45、ncreasing or decreasing in volume andtherefore in linear dimension. The dimensional change of wallmaterials causes a change in the width of a sealant jointopening, producing a movement in an installed sealant. Ther-mal movement is the predominate effect causing dimensionalchange.5.3.1 Depending on w
46、hen a sealant is installed, thermalmovement may need to be evaluated at different stages in abuildings life; for example, expected temperature differentialsmay need to be considered for the building when it is: 1) underconstruction, 2) unoccupied and unconditioned, and 3) occu-pied and conditioned.
47、Each of these stages will have differentinterior environmental conditions, and depending on the build-ing enclosure material or system being analyzed for movement,one of those stages may produce the maximum expectedthermal movement. The required joint opening width, depend-ing on construction proced
48、ures and material or wall systemtypes, could be established during one of those stages.5.3.2 Determining realistic material or wall surface tem-peratures to establish the expected degree of thermal move-ment can be challenging. The ASHRAE Fundamentals Hand-book, Chapter 14 Appendix Climatic Design I
49、nformation, listswinter and summer design dry bulb air temperatures for manycities. These listed values can be used to assist in calculatingexpected surface temperatures for use in joint width calcula-tions. For convenience, dry bulb air temperatures for selectedNorth American locations have been included in Table 1 andfor other World locations in Table 2.5.4 Thermal Movement Environmental InfluencesThe ef-fect of a sudden rain shower or the clouding over of the skymay also have to be considered (6). Both of these events cancause a wall material to change in temperature
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