ASTM C1479-2010 Standard Practice for Installation of Precast Concrete Sewer Storm Drain and Culvert Pipe Using Standard Installations《使用标准设备安装预制混凝土下水道 雨水管道 和涵管的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: C1479 10Standard Practice forInstallation of Precast Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, andCulvert Pipe Using Standard Installations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1479; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the installation of precast concretepipe intended to be used for the

3、conveyance of sewage,industrial wastes, and storm water and for the construction ofculverts.1.2 This practice is the inch-pound companion to PracticeC1479M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in thispractice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass

4、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedPr

5、oductsC1417 Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Con-crete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for DirectDesignC1479M Practice for Installation of Precast ConcreteSewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe Using StandardInstallations MetricD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-isti

6、cs of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Charac-teristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for EngineeringPurposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Pra

7、ctice for Description and Identification of Soils(Visual-Manual Procedure)IEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 AASHTO Standards:3Standard Specifications for Highway BridgesM 145 Classification of Soils and SoilAggregate Mix-tures for

8、Highway Construction PurposesT99 The Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 5.5 lb(2.5 kg) Rammer and a 12-in. (305 mm) DropT 180 The Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 10lb (4.54 kg) Rammer and an 18-in. (457 mm) DropT 310 In-Place Density and Moisture Content of Soil andSoilAggregate

9、 by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth)2.3 ASCE Standards:4ASCE 15 Standard Practice for the Direct Design of BuriedPrecast Reinforced Concrete Pipe Using Standard Instal-lations (SIDD)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, seeTerminology C822.3.2 For terminology related t

10、o soil classifications, see Prac-tice D2487 and Practice D2488.3.3 For terminology and definitions of terms relating tostructural design, see ASCE 15.3.4 Fig. 1 illustrates the definitions and limits of the terms:foundation, subgrade, bedding, outer bedding, middle bedding,haunch, lower side, backfi

11、ll or overfill, invert, crown, spring-line, top of pipe, and bottom of pipe as used in this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is useful as a reference by an owner andthe owners engineer in preparing project specifications.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13

12、 on ConcretePipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C1479 07a. DOI:10.1520/C1479-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

13、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capi

14、tol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit

15、ed States.5. NotationsDi= inside diameter of pipe, in.Do= outside diameter of pipe, in.H = design height of earth above top of pipe, ft.w = unit weight of soil, lb/ft3.6. Standard Installations6.1 The precast concrete pipe/soil system shall be con-structed to conform to the requirements of Figs. 2 a

16、nd 3 andTables 1 and 2 as designated on the plans.7. Excavation7.1 When rock or other unyielding foundation material isencountered, it shall be removed at least to the requirementsshown in Figs. 2 and 3 and Tables 1 and 2. Overexcavatedareas shall be backfilled with approved materials and com-pacted

17、 to at least the standard proctor density specified for thebedding.7.2 Where surface water or groundwater conditions exist,the site and trench shall be dewatered.8. Foundation8.1 The foundation shall be moderately firm to hard in situsoil, stabilized soil, or compacted fill material.8.2 When unsuita

18、ble or unstable material is encountered,the foundation shall be stabilized.8.3 Methods to prevent migration of soil fines shall beprovided when groundwater or existing soil conditions areconducive to particle migration. Gravelly soils, with little or nofines, could migrate under certain conditions,

19、causing lack ofsupport.8.4 Pipe installed over an unyielding foundation shall becushioned so as to prevent blasting shock when future blastingis anticipated in the area.9. Bedding9.1 The bedding shall be constructed uniformly over the fulllength of the pipe barrel, as required for the designatedstan

20、dard installation, to distribute the loadbearing reactionuniformly on the pipe barrel over its full length, and tomaintain the required pipe grade. See Fig. 4. If placed in layers,FIG. 1 Pipe/Installation TerminologyC1479 102the thickness of the layers shall be as required to achieve thespecified co

21、mpaction and as required by the project specifica-tions.9.2 The bedding layers for standard installation Types 1, 2,and 3 shall be placed to be as uniform as possible, but shall beloosely placed uncompacted material under the middle third ofthe pipe prior to placement of the pipe.9.3 The maximum agg

22、regate size shall be 1 in. when thebedding thickness is less than 6 in. and 112-in. when thebedding thickness is 6 in. or greater, except as noted in 9.4.9.4 When in situ soils conforming to project specificationsare used in constructing the bedding for Type 3 and 4installations, the maximum aggrega

23、te size shall not be greaterthan 3 in., or half the bedding thickness, whichever is less.9.5 The use of aggregate sizes larger than 1 in. shall belimited to 20 % of the bedding material by weight.9.6 Bell holes shall be excavated in the bedding or founda-tion, or both, when installing pipe with expa

24、nded bells so thatthe pipe is supported by the barrel and not by the bells. See Fig.4.9.7 Any outer bedding under the lower side areas shall becompacted to at least the same requirements as for the lowerside areas.10. Pipe Placement and Joining10.1 Pipe shall be installed to the line and grade shown

25、 onthe project plans and specifications. The joint shall be asspecified in the project specifications and shall be installed inaccordance with the pipe manufacturers recommendations.NOTE 1(Advisory) Where practical, work should be started at thelowest end of the pipeline and the pipe laid with the b

26、ell end upgrade.10.2 If required, the top of the pipe section being laid shallbe positioned to the correct rotational orientation and thenjoined.10.3 The bedding grade under the middle third of the pipeoutside diameter shall be prepared before laying the pipesection. Making adjustments in grade by e

27、xerting force on thebarrel of the pipe with excavating equipment, by lifting anddropping the pipe, or by lifting the pipe and packing beddingmaterial under it shall be prohibited. If the installed pipesection is not on grade, the pipe section shall be completelyunjoined, the grade corrected, and the

28、 pipe then rejoined.11. Haunch11.1 The haunch shall be constructed using the specified soiltype and the minimum compaction level required for thedesignated standard installation. It shall be placed and com-pacted uniformly for the full length of the pipe barrel so as todistribute the load-bearing re

29、action uniformly to the beddingover the full length of the pipe barrel. If placed in layers, thethickness of the layers shall be as required to achieve thespecified compaction and as required by the project specifica-tions.11.2 The maximum aggregate size for the haunch shall bethe same as the maximu

30、m aggregate size in the bedding asdefined in 9.3, except as noted in 11.3.FIG. 2 Standard Embankment InstallationsC1479 10311.3 When in situ soils conforming to project specificationsare used in constructing the pipe haunches for Type 3 and 4installations, the maximum aggregate size shall not be gre

31、aterthan 3 in.11.4 The use of aggregate sizes larger than 1 in. shall belimited to 20 % of the haunch material by weight.11.5 Placed soil shall be deposited and compacted to thespecified density uniformly on each side of the pipe to preventlateral displacement of the pipe.12. Lower Side12.1 The lowe

32、r side, if not in situ, shall be constructed usingthe specified soil type and the minimum compaction levelrequired for the designated standard installation. If placed inlayers, the thickness of the layers shall be as required toachieve the specified compaction and as required by the projectspecifica

33、tions.12.2 The soil, if not in situ, shall be material conforming tothe project specifications, and contain no debris, organicmatter, frozen material, or large stones with a diameter greaterthan one half the thickness of the compacted layers beingplaced.12.3 Placed soil shall be deposited and compac

34、ted to thespecified density uniformly on each side of the pipe to preventlateral displacement of the pipe.13. Overfill13.1 Overfill shall be constructed as specified in the projectspecifications. If placed in layers, the thickness of the layersshall be as required to achieve the specified compaction

35、 and asrequired by the project specifications.13.2 The soil shall be material conforming to the projectspecifications, and contain no debris, organic matter, frozenmaterial, or large stones with a diameter greater than one halfthe thickness of the compacted layers being placed.13.3 Placed soil shall

36、 be deposited and compacted to thespecified density uniformly on each side of the pipe to preventlateral displacement of the pipe. The overfill placed within oneoutside diameter of the pipe that is above the springline andbelow the top of the pipe shall be compacted to at least thesame density as th

37、e majority of the overfill above the pipe.13.4 When impact or vibratory equipment is used forcompaction, care shall be taken to avoid damaging the pipe.14. Sheathing Removal and Trench Shield Advancement14.1 Unless sheathing is to be left in place, it shall be pulledout in vertical increments to per

38、mit placement and compactionof fill material for the full width of the trench.14.2 When trench shields or boxes are moved, the previ-ously placed pipe shall not be disturbed. The owner is advisedthat it may be necessary to restrain the installed pipe by use ofNOTEClearance between pipe and trench wa

39、ll shall be adequate to enable specified compaction but not less than Do/6.FIG. 3 Standard Trench InstallationsC1479 104deadman anchors or other means. Voids that are created bymovement of a shield or box shall be filled and compacted.15. Precast Concrete Appurtenances15.1 Manholes shall be installe

40、d in a manner that willminimize differential settlement between the pipe and man-hole.15.2 Precast concrete fittings, such as tees and wyes, shallbe bedded, installed, and overfilled with the same material andin the same manner as the remainder of the pipeline to reducethe possibility of differentia

41、l settlement between pipe andfittings.16. Minimum Cover for Construction Loads16.1 If the passage of construction equipment over aninstalled pipeline is necessary during project construction,compacted overfill in the form of a ramp shall be constructedto a minimum elevation of 3 ft over the top of t

42、he pipe or to aheight such that the equipment loads on the pipe do not exceedthe pipe design strength. To prevent possible lateral displace-ment of the pipe when the existing ground is higher or lowerthan the top of this ramp, the overfill shall extend a minimumof one pipe diameter width or 3 ft, wh

43、ichever is greater, beyondeach side of the pipe and then have a gradual slope to groundlevel, not exceeding 1 vertical to 6 horizontal. If a large volumeof construction traffic must cross an installed pipe, the point ofcrossing shall be changed occasionally to minimize the possi-bility of lateral di

44、splacement.17. Safety17.1 Safety requirements for construction shall be in accor-dance with the applicable federal, state, and local regulations.17.2 Open ends of installed pipe shall be covered duringovernight or longer periods of suspended work to preventaccess by animals, personnel, and accumulat

45、ion of soil anddebris. Covers shall be braced or fastened to prevent move-ment. It is not required that these covers be watertight.NOTE 2(Advisory) If the pipe is plugged watertight when empty, thepossibility of pipe flotation should be investigated, and, if necessary,appropriate measures shall be t

46、aken to prevent flotation.TABLE 1 Standard Embankment Installation Soils and Minimum Compaction RequirementsNOTE 1Compaction and soil symbols (that is, 95 % Category I) refer to a soil material category with a minimum standard proctor density. See Table3 for equivalent modified proctor values and so

47、il types.NOTE 2Type 1 installations require greater soil stiffness from the surrounding soils than the Type 2, 3, and 4 installations. Proper field verificationof soil properties and compaction levels must be performed to ensure compliance with the design requirements. See Appendix X2 for more infor

48、mationand guidance.NOTE 3Soil in the outer bedding, haunch, and lower side zones, except within Do/3 from the pipe springline, shall be compacted to at least the samecompaction as the majority of soil in the overfill zone.NOTE 4Required bedding thickness is the thickness of the bedding prior to plac

49、ement of the pipe.NOTE 5A subtrench is defined as a trench with its top below finished grade by more than 0.1 H or, for roadways, its top is at an elevation lower than1 ft below the bottom of the pavement base material.The minimum width of a subtrench shall be 1.33 Do, or wider, if required for adequate space to attain the specified compaction in the haunch andbedding zones.For subtrenches, except within Do/3 from the springline, any portion of the lower side zone in the subtrench wall shall be at least as firm as an equivalentsoil placed to the compaction req