1、Designation: C1487 02 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forRemedying Structural Silicone Glazing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1487; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for remedyingexisting structural sealant glazing (hereinafter called SSG)installations in situ. Rem
3、edial work may be necessary when alite of glass is replaced, for routine maintenance, or afterdistress is discovered. This guide focuses on large-scaleremedies.1.2 Committee C24 is not aware of any comparable stan-dards published by other organizations.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717
4、 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC1392 Guide for Evaluating Failure of Structural SealantGlazingC1394 Guide for In-Situ Structural Silicone Glazing Evalu-ationC1401 Guide for Structural Sealant GlazingE330 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights and Curt
5、ain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure DifferenceE997 Test Method for Structural Performance of Glass inExterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors Under theInfluence of Uniform Static Loads by Destructive MethodsE1233 Test Method for Structural Performance of ExteriorWindows, Doors, Skylights, and
6、Curtain Walls by CyclicAir Pressure Differential3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of the terms used in this guideare found in Terminology C717.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 distress, nthe individual or collective physical mani-festations of a failure as perceivable
7、problems. For structuralsealant glazing, such distress may include sealant adhesivefailure, sealant cohesive failure, shifting of a lite, loss of a lite,or water infiltration (see Guide C1394).3.2.2 qualified person, none with a recognized degree orprofessional registration and extensive knowledge a
8、nd experi-ence in the field of structural sealant glazing, and who iscapable of design, analysis, and evaluation in the subject.4. Significance and Use4.1 Guidelines are provided for remedying existing SSGinstallations. Refer to Guide C1401 for a complete discussionof proper SSG design, installation
9、, and materials.4.2 Due to the unlimited range of materials that may be usedin a particular building, and because each design is unique, theinformation contained in this guide is general in nature.4.3 This guide should not be the only reference consultedwhen designing remedies for SSG. For example,
10、the localbuilding code and the manufacturers product literature for theactual materials used, if known, also should be considered. Thesealant manufacturer(s) should be involved fully with theremedial design.4.4 This guide is intended to be a resource, but it is not asubstitute for experience and jud
11、gement in designing remediesfor the specialized types of construction discussed. It isintended to be used in conjunction with other resources as anaid in remedying problems with existing SSG.5. Introduction5.1 There are numerous reasons that a building owner ormanager, hereinafter referred to as own
12、er, may choose toremedy an SSG system, including routine maintenance or tocorrect discovered deficiencies. Regardless of the reason thatsuch a remedy is undertaken, it is recommended that theremedial design and construction be performed under thesupervision of a qualified person.5.2 It is essential
13、to begin the remedial process with acomprehensive evaluation, in accordance with the guidelinesestablished in Guide C1394. The underlying cause of failuremust be understood fully prior to implementing a remedy;otherwise, the failure may be repeated.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Commit
14、tee C24 on Building Sealsand Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.10 on Specifi-cations, Guides and Practices.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C148702(2007). DOI:10.1520/C1487-02
15、R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Based on the outcome of the evaluation, various rem-edies may be indicated. The potential remedies include, de-pending on the pervasiveness and the nature of the problem,the following:5.3.1 Isolated repairs (such as the replacement of an
17、indi-vidual lite of glass) can be performed by a competent glaziertrained in the proper installation of SSG. If the original SSGwas properly performed, then such minor repairs can beeffected by careful duplication of the original procedures.5.3.2 In-situ remedial work is necessary where pervasivepro
18、blems exist in an SSG application, such as due to poordesign or workmanship during original construction.5.3.3 Complete reglazing may be necessary in extremecases or at the end of the useful service life, in accordance withthe principles for new SSG. For example, if the existing jointconfiguration d
19、oes not allow adequate cleaning to replace astructural joint, it may be necessary to reglaze, becauseadhesion is critical to the performance of SSG and cleaning iscritical to adhesion.5.4 The remainder of this guide particularly addresses thetype of in-situ remedial SSG projects as described in 5.3.
20、2,tocorrect a pervasive problem without comprehensive reglazing.6. Remedial Design6.1 If it is determined that a large-scale remedial program isnecessary, then a remedial design should be developed by aqualified person.6.2 Depending on the cause of the problem(s) with theexisting installation, it ma
21、y not be prudent to rely on theoriginal SSG design.6.3 The remedial design should include the following:6.3.1 Calculations of the structural sealant stress so that thefinal installation will comply with the SSG industry guidelines(see Guide C1401) and applicable codes. In some jurisdictions,glass re
22、placement triggers the requirement to comply with thecurrent building code for glass strength and structural sealantjoint capacity, rather than the code under which the buildingwas originally constructed.6.3.2 Sealant product selection to be compatible with allexisting materials that it will contact
23、.6.3.3 Accessory product selection, if any are replaced oradded by the remedy, to be compatible with all existingmaterials that they will contact.7. Field Testing7.1 Prior to implementing the proposed remedial work, fieldtesting should be performed under the direction of a qualifiedperson. Whereas,
24、in new SSG installations it is possible toperform laboratory testing to verify the adhesion characteristicsof the products and substrates, remedial SSG usually requiresfield testing. In-situ adhesion testing is strongly recommendedfor the selected product combination, including cleaner,primer, seala
25、nt, and the actual adhesion surface of the sub-strate.7.2 Field testing of the actual adhesion surface of thesubstrate is recommended, rather than another face of the samecomponent, because the adhesion characteristics may vary withexposure. It may be necessary to deglaze a lite to access theactual
26、adhesion surface. It is not recommended to test faces ofcomponents other than those actually scheduled for permanentadhesion because the adhesion characteristics can vary withexposure and manufacturing processes.7.3 Because the field test procedure may be cumbersomeand expensive to perform, it is re
27、commended to performpretesting to screen possible combinations of products. Thesepreliminary tests may be performed in the laboratory or in thefield on convenient surfaces of the components, rather than theactual adhesion surfaces.7.4 To verify adhesion with the final product combination,one field t
28、est procedure is as follows:7.4.1 Perform a minimum of three tests in selected mock-upareas. More tests should be performed depending on thereasons for repair, or if the existing conditions vary withexposure or other variables.7.4.2 Apply structural sealant and accessories to actualadhesion surfaces
29、 exactly as they are intended to be installedduring full-scale production work.7.4.3 Adjust the installation so that the structural sealant isexposed, for example, a weatherseal joint may have to beomitted during testing.7.4.4 After the cure time recommended by the sealantmanufacturer, install chamb
30、ers over the test joints and adjacentsubstrates. Bed chambers in sealant and adhere to the face ofthe metal and glass, leaving the top open for filling. See Fig. 1.7.4.5 Fill the chambers with distilled water, causing the faceof the test joints to be completely immersed in water. Seal thetop edge of
31、 the chambers after filling, to prevent evaporation.In cold climates, consideration should be given to protectingthe chamber from freezing.7.4.6 After seven days water immersion, remove chambersand perform adhesion tests as prescribed by the sealantmanufacturer. Acceptance criteria should be determi
32、ned by thesealant manufacturer.7.5 Finally, prior to proceeding with implementation of theremedial work, consideration should be given to performing afull-scale load test on representative mock-ups. These tests canbe performed using suction cups on the exterior or interior ofthe glass (Guide C1392)
33、or pressurized chambers on theinterior or exterior (Test Methods E330, E997,orE1233). Suchtests are often conducted at 1.5 times the design wind serviceload. Depending on the specific causes of failure identified byevaluation (Guide C1394), it may be appropriate to testindividual components at diffe
34、rent test loads.8. Remedial Work8.1 Once a remedial program has been developed andtested, it is essential that the production work be implementedexactly like the approved mock-ups.8.2 It is important to recognize that most new SSG isperformed using shop-glazing methods, whereas remedial SSGtypically
35、 will require field-glazing. It is more difficult tomaintain quality control procedures in the field, extra attentionshould be paid to monitoring the implementation, particularlyto ensure complete joint filling. Additional field testing also iswarranted. It is recommended that this monitoring and te
36、stingbe performed by or under the direction of a qualified person.8.3 Even if it is generally expected that the specifiedremedial work will be practical at most locations, it is prudentC1487 02 (2012)2to inspect each lite of glass and its opening before implement-ing the remedy for differing existin
37、g conditions, such aslocalized defects or dimensional variations. In particular, eachcrew should have a measuring device (check block) of fixedsize to determine whether the joint width is at least theminimum specified before sealing; commonly, such devices arefabricated for the project from wood, me
38、tal, or plastic. If thedevice does not easily fit into a joint along any 6 in. (or otherdimension specified) of joint length, then it should be reglazedin full compliance with the standards for new SSG.8.4 Care should be exercized to ensure that each glass lite issupported fully during the remedial
39、work. Often, it is necessaryto stage the remedial work in phases so that the entire perimeterof a lite is not cut out at one time, and to use temporary clipsto retain the lites while the new structural sealant cures for thetime recommended by the sealant manufacturer.9. Documentation9.1 It is very i
40、mportant that the remediation data be main-tained by the owner in a standardized format. It is recom-mended that the owner keep all evaluation and remediationreports in one notebook, along with other information pertinentto the SSG installation.9.2 The remediation report should provide the following
41、information:9.2.1 Building identification, background information, andreferences to original design and construction firms.9.2.2 Purpose of remedy, including triggering event orreason.9.2.3 Deliniation of locations or areas where remedial workwas performed.9.2.4 Products used and test results.9.2.5
42、Recommendations for further evaluation or remedialaction.NOTELegend:(1) Weather Seal (remove for testing, if required)(2) Spacer(3) Structural Sealant(4) Glass Lite or Panel(5) Metal Framing System(6) Test Chamber (sealed to face of wall, filled with water)FIG. 1 Schematic Diagram of Typical Field W
43、ater Immersion Test(Configuration May Vary for Different Structural Sealant Glazing Systems)C1487 02 (2012)3BIBLIOGRAPHYDocuments Prepared by Manufacturers and TradeAssociations:(1) American Technical Manual, by Dow Corning Corporation(2) SSG Technical Guide, by Momentive Performance Materials(forme
44、rly GE Silicones)(3) Architectural Guidelines for Glazing Systems, by Tremco Corpo-ration(4) Curtain Wall Manual No. 13, Structural Sealant Glazing Systems(CW-13), AAMA(5) Two-Sided Structural Glazing Guidelines for Aluminum FramedSkylights, Item No. AAMA TSGG-91, AAMABooks:(6) Klosowski, J.M. Sealants in Construction, Marcel Dekker, Inc.,1989.(7) Panek, J. R. and J.P. Cook, Construction Sealants and Adhesives,John Wiley or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1487 02 (2012)4
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