1、Designation: C1490 04 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forthe Selection, Training and Qualification of NondestructiveAssay (NDA) Personnel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1490; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide contains good practices for the selection,training, qualification, and profession
3、al development of per-sonnel performing analysis, calibration, physical measure-ments, or data review using nondestructive assay equipment,methods, results, or techniques. The guide also covers NDApersonnel involved with NDA equipment setup, selection,diagnosis, troubleshooting, or repair. Selection
4、, training, andqualification programs based on this guide are intended toprovide assurance that NDA personnel are qualified to performtheir jobs competently. This guide presents a series of optionsbut does not recommend a specific course of action.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1030 Tes
5、t Method for Determination of Plutonium Isoto-pic Composition by Gamma-Ray SpectrometryC1133 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of SpecialNuclear Material in Low-Density Scrap and Waste bySegmented Passive Gamma-Ray ScanningC1207 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of Plutoniumin Scrap and Waste
6、by Passive Neutron CoincidenceCountingC1221 Test Method for Nondestructive Analysis of SpecialNuclear Materials in Homogeneous Solutions by Gamma-Ray SpectrometryC1268 Test Method for Quantitative Determination of Am-ericium 241 in Plutonium by Gamma-Ray SpectrometryC1316 Test Method for Nondestruct
7、ive Assay of NuclearMaterial in Scrap and Waste by Passive-Active NeutronCounting Using252Cf ShufflerC1455 Test Method for Nondestructive Assay of SpecialNuclear Material Holdup Using Gamma-Ray Spectro-scopic MethodsC1458 Test Method for NondestructiveAssay of Plutonium,Tritium and241Am by Calorimet
8、ric Assay2.2 U.S. Government Documents:10 CFR 830.120 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part830, Paragraph 120, Quality Assurance Requirements3DOE Order 5480.20ADOE QAPD CAO-941012 U.S. Department of Energy,Quality Assurance Program DocumentTWCP-QAPP CAO-941010 TRU Waste CharacterizationQuality
9、 Assurance Program Plan3. Significance and Use3.1 The process of selection, training and qualification ofpersonnel involved with NDA measurements is one of thequality assurance elements for an overall quality NDA mea-surement program.3.2 This guide describes an approach to selection, qualifi-cation,
10、 and training of personnel that is to be used in conjunc-tion with other NDA QA program elements. The selection,qualification and training processes can vary and this guideprovides one such approach.3.3 The qualification activities described in this guide as-sume that NDA personnel are already profi
11、cient in generalfacility operations and safety procedures. The training andactivities that developed this proficiency are not covered in thisguide.3.4 This guide describes a basic approach and principles forthe qualification of NDAprofessionals and technical specialistsand operators. A different app
12、roach may be adopted by themanagement organization based on its particular organizationand facility specifics. However, if a variation of the approachof this guide is applied, the resulting selection, training, andqualification programs must meet the requirements of thefacility quality assurance pro
13、gram and should provide all theapplicable functions of Section 4.3.5 This guide may be used as an aid in the preparation ofa Training Implementation Plan (TIP) for the TransuranicWaste Characterization Program (TWCP). Requirements forTWCP training include but are not limited to: 10 CFR 830.120,1This
14、 guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.10 on Non DestructiveAssay.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C149004. DO
15、I:10.1520/C1490-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Superintendent of Do
16、cuments, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.DOE Order 5480.20A, DOE QAPD CAO-94-1012, TWCP-QAPP CAO-94-1010, TWCP-QAPjP and the TUM.4. NDA Roles, Responsibilities, and
17、 Duties4.1 The application and use of NDA techniques includessuch diverse activities as data review and analysis; measure-ment control activities; equipment operation, troubleshootingand repair; all require different levels of education, expertise,and training. Therefore the implementation and conti
18、nuedsuccessful application of an NDA measurement program re-quires a complex mixture of theory, experience, and profes-sional judgement. For NDA professionals, a wide variety ofskills and knowledge areas is required. These knowledge areasinclude: physics, chemistry, statistics, electronics, engineer
19、ing,health physics, quality assurance and nuclear safety. Fortechnical specialists and operators, less emphasis can be put onformal education, but would be compensated for by higherlevels of job specific training.4.2 Based on roles and responsibilities, NDA personnel canbe broken into the following
20、categories. These are not neces-sarily job titles and some facilities may combine one or morelevels.4.2.1 Senior NDA Professional:4.2.1.1 EducationAdvanced degree (M.S. or Ph.D.) inphysics, chemistry, or nuclear engineering and five years NDAexperience; or fifteen (15) equivalent years of experience
21、 in theNDA field.4.2.1.2 ExpertiseExpertise in most or all NDA tech-niques. Recognized nationally as an expert in one or moreNDA fields through such things as publications, active partici-pation in national NDA conferences or conducting NDAtraining courses. Knowledge areas cover most of those listed
22、 in4.1. Indepth knowledge and understanding of the NDAmethods and underlying principles contained in Test MethodsC1030, C1133, C1207, C1221, C1268, C1316, Guide C1455,and Test Method C1458 are essential.4.2.1.3 DutiesDesigns NDA measurement programs, in-cluding method selection and instrument perfor
23、mance specifi-cation. Performs NDA technical oversight over the entireprogram. Performs initial calibrations, qualifications and cer-tifications for instruments and methods. Provides expert tech-nical data review (ETR) services. Provides consultation onNDA matters to various facility departments and
24、 organizationssuch as nuclear safety, safeguards, nuclear materials controland accountability, waste characterization, waste disposal andproduction operations. Provides mentoring to other job catego-ries.4.2.2 NDA Professional:4.2.2.1 EducationUndergraduate degree in physical sci-ence or engineering
25、 and five years NDA experience; or tenequivalent years of experience in the NDA field.4.2.2.2 ExpertiseExpertise in one or more NDA tech-niques. Recognized in NDA field on a local or facility basis.Knowledge areas cover several of those listed in 4.1. Under-standing of the NDA methods contained in o
26、ne or more of thefollowing: Test Methods C1030, C1133, C1207, C1221,C1268, C1316, Guide C1455, and Test Method C1458,isessential.4.2.2.3 DutiesExpert technical data review (ETR). NDAmeasurement oversight. Performs routine instrument qualifica-tion, calibration, and validation. Reviews, approves meas
27、ure-ment control data. Provides consulting on NDA matters withinhis area of expertise to various facility departments andorganizations such as nuclear safety, safeguards, nuclear ma-terials control and accountability, waste characterization, wastedisposal, production operations. Mentors technical sp
28、ecialistsand operators.4.2.3 NDA Technical Specialist:4.2.3.1 EducationCollege degree with emphasis in physi-cal sciences and one year NDA experience or High school andtwo years NDA experience; or five equivalent years of expe-rience in the NDA field.4.2.3.2 ExpertiseKnowledgeable in one or more NDA
29、techniques. Knowledge areas may cover one or more of thoselisted in 4.1.4.2.3.3 DutiesIndependent technical data review (ITR);instrument calibration, and validation. Performs measurementcontrol activities, instrument operation. Provides first responseto instrument problems, upset conditions. Perform
30、s trouble-shooting.4.2.4 NDA Qualified Instrument Operator:4.2.4.1 EducationHigh School or equivalent technicaltraining, or equivalent years (2) of experience in the nuclearfacility field.4.2.4.2 ExpertiseTrained and qualified in operation of oneor more NDA instruments.4.2.4.3 DutiesOperation of NDA
31、 instrument. Recordingof NDA data and other duties as qualified and assigned.4.3 The hierarchy described above is only one set ofpossible tiers. Other tiered hierarchies providing equivalentfunctions are equally valid. The important consideration is theincreasing level of required expertise and inde
32、pendence ofaction with increasing job level function. Based on site-specificpractices and policies, the four levels presented above may becollapsed or expanded and the duties listed may move to othertiers in the hierarchy.4.4 In addition to the NDA personnel described above, theservices of other spe
33、cialists are often required. These includestatisticians to help establish measurement uncertainties, con-trol limits, etc. Also, personnel trained in the maintenance andrepair of electronic and mechanical systems may be required.In all cases, the value of the services provided by thesespecialists is
34、 enhanced if they have a basic understanding ofNDA methods and instruments.5. Selection5.1 The selection of NDA personnel should be a careful andthoughtful process that recognizes the responsibilities that areunique to the NDA position. The selection process shouldinclude an evaluation of the NDA ca
35、ndidates technical skills,as well as the individuals experience and past performancerelative to the position requirements.5.2 The attributes, characteristics, and skills used as criteriafor selecting NDA candidates or trainees should includedemonstrated qualities such as: judgment, motivation, integ
36、-rity, communication skills, teamwork skills, diagnostic skills,analytical ability, and strong technical competence.C1490 04 (2010)25.3 The NDA organization should have a selection processfor initial hiring and promoting of personnel. This process mayinvolve a selection test, in addition to intervie
37、ws. Selectionshould be based on the ability to meet position qualificationcriteria with reasonable amounts of training.6. Training6.1 Atraining program should be established to develop andenhance the skills, knowledge, and abilities of NDA trainees toperform their job assignments. The program should
38、 consist ofa combination of classroom-type and on-the-job training andshould include laboratory training (for those facilities that havelaboratory facilities), as it applies to the NDA position.6.2 Full implementation of an NDA training program re-quires a long-term commitment from both the NDA pers
39、onneland management. Training activities should be carefully man-aged to produce effective results.6.3 Each NDA organization should assess its training needsto develop a facility-specific training program. It is importantto implement a systematic method to update training programcontent to incorpora
40、te facility modifications, operating experi-ences, procedure changes, and changes in job requirements.6.4 The complete training program for NDA personnel mayinclude courses offered by the national laboratories, commer-cial vendors, universities, and other centers of excellence. Thenecessity for this
41、 type of training will depend on the roles andresponsibilities of the NDA personnel.6.5 Senior NDA professionals should conduct mentoringsessions with NDA trainees to discuss and promote areas thatinclude commitment to high standards of performance. Thesesessions may be conducted in either a one-on-
42、one setting, or assmall group activities, as appropriate.7. Qualification7.1 Qualification is attained by demonstrating that an indi-vidual has satisfied the education, experience, training andother special requirements necessary for the performance ofassigned responsibilities. Qualification is the
43、result of theprocess of personnel selection and training required to effec-tively accomplish the duties of an NDA position or perform anNDA task.7.2 Qualification for NDApersonnel should be documented.The process for progressing through the levels of qualification,frequency for and renewal of qualif
44、ication, and personnelrecord keeping should be defined and documented. NDAorganizations should describe the authority, duties, and respon-sibilities of each NDA professional or technician as they applyto NDA activities.7.3 Training should be conducted, evaluated, and docu-mented through the use of q
45、ualification guides, discussionoutlines, or checklists. Use of qualification guides is anexcellent method of tracking progress through the trainingprogram. Some portions of initial training may also be accom-plished through the on-the-job instruction by an NDA profes-sional. Training may also includ
46、e specific training by otherdepartments in associated knowledge areas such as safeguards,measurement control, material accountability, and nuclearsafety.7.4 Auditable records of each individuals participation andperformance in, or exception(s) granted from, the trainingprogram(s) should be maintaine
47、d. Training records shouldidentify the qualification and requalification dates and shouldinclude the following (as appropriate):NDA education, experience, employment history,Training programs completed and qualification(s) achieved,Correspondence relating to exceptions granted to trainingrequirement
48、s (including justification and approval),Attendance records for required training courses or sessions,Latest completed checklists, graded written examinations, andoperational evaluations used for qualification.7.5 A historical record that documents initial qualificationson each position qualified sh
49、ould be maintained. If more thanone qualification is achieved and maintained, the individualtraining record should contain documentation to that effect.7.6 For presently held qualification(s), the completed ex-aminations, checklists, operational evaluations, etc., should bemaintained on record. When an individual holds qualificationon multiple positions, records that support current qualifica-tions for each position should be maintained.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin
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