ASTM C1512-2010(2015) Standard Test Method for Characterizing the Effect of Exposure to Environmental Cycling on Thermal Performance of Insulation Products.pdf

1、Designation: C1512 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forCharacterizing the Effect of Exposure to EnvironmentalCycling on Thermal Performance of Insulation Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1512; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is applicable to preformed or fieldmanufac

3、tured thermal insulation products, such as board stockfoams, rigid fibrous and composite materials manufacturedwith or without protective facings. See Note 1 This test methodis not applicable to high temperature, reflective or loose fillinsulation.NOTE 1If the product is manufactured with a facer, t

4、est product withfacer in place.1.2 This test method involves two stages: preconditioningand environmental cycling. During the first stage, 25 mm (1in.) thick specimens are used to separate two environments.Each of these environments has a constant but differenttemperature and humidity level. During

5、the environmentalcycling stage, specimens also divide two environments namelyconstant room temperature/humidity on one side and cyclingtemperature/ambient relative humidity on the other side.1.3 This test method measures the ability of the product tomaintain thermal performance and critical physical

6、 attributesafter being subjected to standardized exposure conditions. Acomparison is made between material properties for referencespecimens stored in the laboratory for the test period andspecimens subjected to the two-stage test method. To eliminatethe effect of moisture from the comparison, the m

7、aterialproperties of the latter test specimens are determined after theyhave been dried to constant weight. The average value deter-mined for each of the two sets of specimens is used forcomparison.1.4 Different properties can be measured to assess the effectof environmental factors on thermal insul

8、ation. This testmethod requires that thermal resistance be determined basedupon an average for three specimens measured after complet-ing the test. Secondary elements of this test method includevisual observations such as cracking, delamination or othersurface defects, as well as the change in moist

9、ure content aftereach of the two stages of exposure prescribed by the testmethod.1.5 Characterization of the tested material is an essentialelement of this test method. Material properties used forcharacterization will include either compressive resistance ortensile strength values. The compressive

10、resistance or tensilestrength is measured on two sets of specimens, one setconditioned as defined in 1.2 and a set of reference testspecimens taken from the same material batch and stored in thelaboratory for the whole test period. For comparison, anaverage value is determined for each of the two se

11、ts ofspecimens.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to

12、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties ofThermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC177 Test

13、Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC303 Test Method for Dimensions and Density of Pre-formed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC518 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal TransmissionProperties by Means of t

14、he Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC870 Practice for Conditioning of Thermal Insulating Ma-terials1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.33 on InsulationFinishes and Moisture.Current edition approved May 15,

15、 2015. Published September 2015. Originallyapproved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as C151210. DOI:10.1520/C1512-10R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in

16、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteD1621 Test Method fo

17、r Compressive Properties of RigidCellular PlasticsD1623 Test Method for Tensile and Tensile Adhesion Prop-erties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Tes

18、t Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerms used in this test method are definedin Terminology C168 with the exceptions included as appro-priate.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 compressive resistancethe compressive load per unitof original area at the specified deformation. S

19、ee Test MethodC165.3.2.2 moisture accumulationan increase in the averagemoisture content resulting from a specified exposure to condi-tions facilitating moisture ingress into the material.3.2.3 preconditioninga procedure which subjects testspecimens to standardized one directional thermal gradient.3

20、.2.4 thermal performancecomparison of thermal resis-tance of test specimens before and after cycling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 To reduce the testing period, this procedure involves twostages:4.1.1 Stage 1Preconditioning under constant thermal gra-dient and relative humidity to accelerate ingress

21、of moistureinto the test specimen.4.1.2 Stage 2Exposure to constant temperature and rela-tive humidity on one side of test specimens with cyclingenvironmental conditions on the other side that include freeze-thaw exposure.5. Significance and Use5.1 Exposing a specimen to conditions of one-directiona

22、lenvironmental cycling can increase its moisture content until adecrease in material properties occurs (at a specific number ofcycles). Such a test could be inappropriate due to the numberof cycles required to cause a decrease in material propertiessince product performance issues often arise only a

23、fter manyyears of exposure. The use of a preconditioning procedure isnot intended to duplicate expected field performance. Ratherthe purpose is to increase the moisture content of test materialsprior to subjecting to them to environmental cycling.5.2 The most important aspect of the preconditioning

24、pro-cedure is non-uniform moisture distribution in the specimen.The heat flow is one directional causing moisture flow towardsthe cold side resulting in zones of dry material on the warmside and high moisture content on the cold side. (Whether thehigh moisture content zone is located right at the co

25、ld surfaceof the specimen or at some distance from this surface dependsupon temperature oscillation and ability of the cold surface todry outwards). Because the preconditioning procedure involvesthermal gradient, this preconditioning procedure results in adistribution of moisture content that may oc

26、cur under fieldexposure conditions. However, the resulting moisture contentmay differ significantly from that which may be demonstratedin typical product applications.5.3 The preconditioning results in accumulation of moisturein the thermal insulation resulting from the simultaneousexposure to a dif

27、ference in temperature and water vaporpressure. This test method is not intended to duplicate fieldexposure. It is intended to provide comparative ratings. Asexcessive accumulation of moisture in a construction systemmay adversely affect its performance, the designer shouldconsider the potential for

28、 moisture accumulation and thepossible effects of this moisture on the system performance.6. Apparatus6.1 The room where the apparatus is placed shall bemaintained at a temperature and relative humidity of 24 6 3C(75 6 5F) and 50 6 10 %.6.2 Freeze-Thaw Chamber, capable of maintaining an airtemperatu

29、re of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) over an extended periodof time. The design of the apparatus should ensure that thetemperature of the upper surface of the sheet metal locatedbelow the insulation specimen (measured in the center of thepan) be not higher than -4C (25F) when the freezers airtemperature reaches

30、its lower limit. This can be achieved byplacing thermal insulation between the metal pan and thespecimen frame and/or mixing of air in the cold chamber.6.3 Sheet Metal Pan, placed below the specimens. This panperforms two functions: it equalizes temperature and reducesdiffusion of water vapor into t

31、he freeze-thaw chamber. Thedistance between the cold surface of the specimen and the sheetmetal should be no less than 6 mm (14 in.) and no more than12 mm (12 in). The required space is normally maintained byattaching a support of the required height that is made from6-mm (14 in.) thick Plexiglas or

32、 other non-absorbing materialson the inside surface of the specimen frame (see Fig. 2).6.4 Frame, that is placed in the door opening of the freezer(see Figs. 1 and 2) or other means of specimen support. Testframes used are made from 6 6 0.5 mm thick Plexiglas orother non-absorbing material. These fr

33、ames are used to mountindividual test specimens. The selection of the test frame (sizeof the test specimen) may vary based upon the thermal testingapparatus that is used.6.5 Warm Chamber, above the test specimens that is pro-vided with a heater and a temperature controller capable ofmaintaining a te

34、mperature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and ahumidifier capable of maintaining humidity in the warmchamber of 90 6 5 %RH.6.6 Sensors, for measuring temperature of the freeze-thawand warm chambers and relative humidity in the warmchamber.6.7 Balance, capable of weighing mass of maximum 1 kgwith precision of 0

35、.01 g.C1512 10 (2015)27. Test Specimens7.1 Test specimens shall be square in cross-section with aminimum area of 645 cm2(100 in.2) and a maximum of 3716cm2(576 in.2). The standard specimen thickness shall be 2.54cm (1 in.). Care should be taken so that the top and bottomsurfaces of the specimens exp

36、osed to thermal gradient areparallel with one another and perpendicular to the sides.7.2 All surfaces of the specimens shall be free from visibleflaws or imperfections.7.3 For comparison, two test specimen sets each consistingof a minimum of three specimens are tested. One set of testspecimens are t

37、ested after preconditioning and after environ-mental cycling as described in Section 9. A second set ofreference test specimens are stored in the laboratory for theduration of preconditioning and environmental cycling testbefore thermal resistance and compressive resistance or tensilestrength testin

38、g.8. Conditioning8.1 Condition the test specimens before testing at 23 6 2C(73 6 4F) and 50 6 5 %RH relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of PracticeC618.FIG. 1 Plan View of Test Equipment SetupFIG. 2 Vertical Section at Interface Between Freezer Wall a

39、nd Lid Illustrating Placement of Test Specimens in the Test FrameC1512 10 (2015)39. Procedure9.1 Condition specimens to constant mass in accordancewith Practice C870 before testing. Measure the dimensions andmass of each specimen in accordance with Test Method C303.Record the initial mass of each sp

40、ecimen prior to subjecting topreconditioning procedure.9.2 Testing of Specimens Before and After EnvironmentalCycling:9.2.1 Three specimens shall be tested for thermal resistancevalue before and after environmental cycling using TestMethod C518 or C177.9.2.2 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be

41、 tested forcompressive resistance before and after environmental cyclingusing Test Method C165 or D1621.9.2.3 Where applicable, nine specimens shall be tested fortensile strength before and after environmental cycling usingTest Method D1623.9.3 Preconditioning:9.3.1 Test specimens are preconditioned

42、 for 28 days toincrease moisture content. This is achieved under conditions ofwater vapor diffusion associated with a constant thermalgradient. The specimens are dividing two environments,namely:9.3.1.1 Temperature of 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and relativehumidity of 90 6 5 % on warm side, and9.3.1.2 Temper

43、ature of -15 6 3C (5 6 5F) and ambientrelative humidity (uncontrolled relative humidity) on the coldside.9.3.2 If the specimens are provided with facing, stuccolamina or other protective finishes, these finishes should beplaced on the cold side during the preconditioning exposure.9.3.3 Weigh each sp

44、ecimen after initial preconditioning.Moisture content (% by volume) of the specimen is calculatedafter completing the preconditioning exposure. Normally thespecimens are returned to the same equipment but conditionson the cold side are changed and cycling under environmentalconditions which include

45、freeze-thaw cycling on the cold sideproceeds.9.4 Environmental Cycling Conditions:9.4.1 Place test specimens in the test frame (Fig. 2) and sealthe edges of the test specimens to prevent passage of air aroundthe edges.9.4.2 Test specimens shall be placed for 20 days (40 cycles)separating two environ

46、ments:9.4.2.1 Warm chamber where temperature and relative hu-midity are maintained at 24 6 2C (75 6 3F) and 90 65 %RH; and9.4.2.2 Environmental cycling chamber where conditionsrequire temperature cycling between two levels: -15 6 3C (56 5F) and 15 6 3C (59 6 5F). The total cycling period istwelve ho

47、urs, divided equally into cold and warm exposures.The warm exposure (at least4hattemperature higher than5C) is ended with the transition period of no longer than 2 h.During the cold exposure stage of the cycle, air in the chamberis cooled to -15 6 3C (5 6 5F). The cold exposure period isended with a

48、 similar transition period (to reach an air tempera-ture higher than 5C) during a period of 2 h.9.4.3 Weigh each specimen after completion of environ-mental cycling and calculate moisture content (% by volume).Condition specimens to constant mass in accordance with 9.1and subject to testing in accor

49、dance with 9.2.10. Report10.1 The test report shall include the following information,including references to applicable test methods:10.1.1 The date of the report.10.1.2 The name, address and identification of the testinglaboratory.10.1.3 The manufacturer of the material, the date of manu-facture and the date of receiving samples.10.1.4 Number of samples received and the number ofspecimens tested in respective categories.10.1.5 The name or identification of the material tested anddescription of facers (if any).10.1.6 The method of specimen prep