1、Designation: C 1532 06Standard Practice forSelection, Removal, and Shipment of Manufactured MasonryUnits and Masonry Specimens from Existing Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1532; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the process of selection, removal,and shipment of ma
3、sonry specimens from existing constructionthat are intended for testing. These specimens can be eitherindividual masonry units or assemblages. Assemblages are aportion of existing masonry, typically consisting of masonryunits, mortar, grout, reinforcing steel, collar joint, and masonryaccessories. T
4、he specimens may be taken from single- ormultiple-wythe construction, or portions thereof. This practicealso covers procedures for reporting as part of this process.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.
5、3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2. Referenced Do
6、cuments2.1 ASTM Standards:2C43 Terminology of Structural Clay ProductsC 1180 Terminology of Mortar and Grout for Unit MasonryC 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated UnitsC 1232 Terminology of MasonryE 122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With a Specified Tolerable E
7、rror, the Average for aCharacteristic of a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of other terms used in this practice,refer to Terminologies C43, C 1180, C 1209, and C 1232.4. Significance and Use4.1 Masonry specimens are sometimes removed as part ofan assessment of the c
8、ondition of masonry construction. Suchspecimens are commonly prepared for shipment to a laboratorywhere the specimens are assessed with visual techniques,petrographic techniques, or standard test methods. The processof selecting, removing, and shipping the specimens can have aneffect on test results
9、. This practice provides procedures forselecting, removing, and shipping masonry specimens re-moved from existing construction.4.2 The selection and removal processes described in thispractice are primarily intended for walls. Selection and re-moval of masonry specimens from locations other than wal
10、lsrequires user judgment in order to obtain appropriate speci-mens.4.3 This practice also covers reporting of the selection,removal, and shipping processes. This information allowsinterested parties to assess the impact of these processes on testresults.4.4 This practice does not address the use of
11、test resultsconducted on removed masonry specimens. This practice doesnot determine whether the removed masonry materials metoriginal specification requirements.5. Selection and Removal5.1 Selection of Test Samples:5.1.1 Visual AssessmentPrior to selecting specimens forremoval, perform a visual surv
12、ey of the exposed surface toassess the in-place, undisturbed condition of the masonry walland other related construction.5.1.1.1 Record observations from the visual survey withphotographs or drawings, or both, that represent the appearanceof the masonry. Include sample locations identified in 5.2.5.
13、1.1.2 Conduct the visual assessment either over the wholeconstruction or on a representative sample of the whole.Examine locations with different exposures.NOTE 1Locations with different exposures, such as walls exposed torain and walls protected from rain may be used to distinguish differentsegment
14、s of construction to be examined.5.1.2 SamplingSelect specimens representative of the en-tire masonry construction or a portion thereof. Sample by oneor more of the following techniques:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufac-tured Masonry Units and is the direct re
15、sponsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 onResearch.Current edition approved June 1, 2006. Published July 2006. Originally approvedin 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 153205.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceas
16、tm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United S
17、tates.NOTE 2When sampling a portion of the entire construction consideraspects such as the orientation of the units (for example, stretcher, header,or soldier); location in the structure (for example, parapet, corbel, orquoin); or where different masonry units are blended to produce a range ofcolor,
18、 architectural effect within the entire construction; and requiredspecimen size to accommodate further testing.5.1.2.1 Random SamplingWithin the entire construction,or in a selected part of the entire construction, select specimensample locations based on a random sampling process. Desig-nate a numb
19、ering system associated with specimen locationsand randomly select numbers, or use a similar random sam-pling method.NOTE 3When specimens are to be removed for testing in accordancewith test methods that include requirements for selection and sampling ofsamples, those requirements should be replaced
20、 with 5.1 of this practice.NOTE 4Practice E 122 provides information on how to calculate thenumber and locations of samples necessary in order to estimate with aprescribed precision, a measure of quality representing all the samplingarea.5.1.2.2 Location-Specific SamplingSelect specimenssample locat
21、ions specific to a particular installed location.5.1.2.3 Condition-Specific SamplingSelect specimensample locations specific to a physical condition of themasonry, such as units or mortar visually assessed to bedeteriorated or units or mortar visually assessed to be undam-aged.NOTE 5Selecting specim
22、ens for condition-specific sampling couldinclude considering masonry visually assessed to be deteriorated, ormasonry assessed to be undamaged, for examples.NOTE 6Sampling is useful for identification of differences in masonryconstruction in different locations or exposures, that is, the differencebe
23、tween the masonry on different building elevations, or the differencebetween masonry exposed to environmental or atmospheric conditionsand those not exposed. Under these circumstances, sampling should berepresentative of each usage condition. For example, select masonryvisually considered to be in t
24、he best physical condition, in the worstphysical condition, and the most representative of the overall physicalcondition.5.2 IdentificationIdentify each specimen on the wall witha permanent marker and photograph before removal. Do notmark on more than 10 % of any face of the specimen.Reference the m
25、arked specimen to the specific location wherethe specimen was obtained as recorded in 5.1.1.1.5.3 Pre-removal DocumentationPrior to removing speci-mens, thoroughly document the visual condition of the ma-sonry within the proposed sampling locations. Prepare a sketchof or photograph each sample locat
26、ion. Trace over any crackson the specimens with a felt-tipped marker and document thecracks maximum width(s). Trace along the outer limits of allother areas of distress using a felt tip pen and document theapproximate depth of the distress at each individual location, ifany.NOTE 7The pre-removal doc
27、umentation will be used for judging thespecimens pre-removal condition and for comparative purposes todetermine if it is damaged during removal or shipping. Documenting thecondition of cracks and other distress, if any, will be used in judging if theextent and size of existing distress has increased
28、 during specimen removalor shipping.NOTE 8Distress is any damage not typically associated with soundmasonry. It may be manifested as spalling, chipping, crazing, stains,efflorescence, or other types of visually assessable defects.5.4 Specimen Removal:5.4.1 Specimen SizeEach specimen shall be suffici
29、ent sizeto allow the proposed testing as specified in the test proce-dure(s).5.4.2 Specimen RemovalRemove existing masonry con-struction (units and mortar) at the perimeter of the specimen asnecessary to allow removal of accessories (such as ties, jointreinforcement across wythes, and so forth), wit
30、hin the speci-men perimeter, without causing damage to the specimen.Remove adjacent masonry or adjoining construction by saw-cutting or by chiseling, as necessary, to obtain properly sizedspecimens. Do not use electric or hydraulic impact equipmentthat damages the specimen. Remove the specimen from
31、theconstruction and set on stable horizontal surface (such as theground, scaffolding, and so forth), taking care to avoid damageduring removal and transport to the stable surface.NOTE 9While removing the specimens, do not detrimentally affectthe structural or serviceability performance of the remain
32、ing masonry andother related construction. Provide adequate shoring and weather protec-tion.NOTE 10Specimens with a nominal thickness of 4 in. (102 mm) arenormally removed with a power-driven rotary saw with a diamond-tippedblade having a diameter of 12 to 14 in. (305 to 356 mm).NOTE 11One successfu
33、l way to minimize damage to specimensremoved from existing masonry walls by way of cutting is to first makethe bottom cut and shim it to take up the weight of the specimen, thenmake the top cut, and finally make the two side cuts. These cuts shouldextend past the specimen corners a distance at least
34、 equal to the thicknessof the specimen and extend completely through the specimen at thecorners.5.4.3 Specimen Condition after RemovalMove specimento site of preparation for shipping and document the speci-mens condition on all exposed sides as described in 5.3.NOTE 12The purpose of documenting the
35、specimen condition afterremoval is to judge if the specimen has been damaged during the removalprocess.5.4.4 Assemblage Specimen Confinement Prior toTransportPrior to packing assemblage specimens for ship-ment, place rigid material cut to the specimens thickness andwidth plus any additional over-siz
36、ing to allow installation ofthe system of confinement, on the top and bottom of thespecimen and confine the specimen without damage duringpackaging and shipment. Record description of specimenconfinement for shipping.NOTE 1334 in. (19 mm) thick plywood pieces or other equally rigidmaterials have bee
37、n successfully used for confinement plates.NOTE 14If a specimen is confined with steel banding straps appliedwith banding machines, or nylon or cotton shipping straps tightened witha self-contained ratchet, the specimen may be compressed eccentrically,bending the specimen and possibly damaging it. T
38、o guard against this,specimens may be gently compressed longitudinally between two confin-ing plates cushioned by a compressible material such as Type I (10 psicompressive strength at 10 % deformation) expanded polystyrene sheets(EPS). Use one or more threaded rods installed through the plates andti
39、ghten to compress the cushioning material so it makes full contact withthe entire specimen surface. If a single rod is used, it should be located sothat the perpendicular distance from the specimens geometric cross-sectional centroid to the center of the rod is within 5 % of the specimenscross-secti
40、onal dimension in that direction. The nuts on the threaded rod(s)C1532062should be tightened in a manner that applies uniform compressive stressand minimizes eccentricity. See Fig. 1 for examples. Other methods ofconfinement are acceptable, as long as they imposed the confinementconcentrically witho
41、ut damaging the specimen and maintain that confine-ment during shipment of the specimen.5.4.5 Condition of Exposed MasonryDocument the con-dition of the exposed construction in the resultant hole prior topatching, if any. Note the type, dimensions, and construction ofthe underlying masonry. Use sket
42、ches and photographs toassist with documenting the condition.NOTE 15A list of items that should be noted in the underlyingmasonry, but not inclusive of, include: air space dimensions, insulation,joint reinforcement, collar joints, and ties.5.5 Shipment:5.5.1 Protect each specimen on all sides with s
43、uitablematerial to prevent damage to the specimens during shipment.NOTE 16Past experience has shown wrapping the specimens in a 1-in.(25-mm) thick layer of packaging foam, shipping pellets, sheet foam, orbubble wrap prior to shipping has provided adequate protection ofspecimens during shipment.5.5.2
44、 Completely encase one or more specimens and pack-aging material in crates suitable to protect the specimensduring shipment. Completely fill all space within the crate toprevent movement of the specimens within the crate. Clearlymark the crates, “Handle With Care.”NOTE 17Successful past shipping of
45、specimens has been accom-plished in crates constructed of plywood thicker than 5/8 in (16 mm).5.5.3 Document the condition of the specimens after receiptat their final destination as described in 5.4.3.6. Report6.1 Report the following information about the selection,identification, removal, and shi
46、pment of the specimens.6.1.1 Results of the visual assessment (see 5.1.1). Includesurvey sheets or photographs, or both, indicating the locationwhere the specimens were removed.6.1.2 Sampling technique (see 5.1.2).6.1.3 Condition of each specimen, prior to removal, afterremoval, and after shipping (
47、See 5.3, 5.4.3, and 5.5.3) Includesketches and photographs of the specimens generated duringthese steps.6.1.4 Method of specimen removal (see 5.4.2).6.1.5 Method of specimen confinement, if applicable (see5.4.4).6.1.6 Condition of the underlying masonry (See 5.4.5).6.1.7 Method of shipment (see 5.5)
48、.6.1.8 Specimen identification (see 5.2). This shall be usedfor cross-reference in the report as well as for cross-referencewith subsequent test reports.7. Keywords7.1 masonry; masonry specimen removed from usage;masonry units; removal; sampling; selection process; shipmentFIG. 1 Confinement Example
49、sC1532063SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the last issue (C153205) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved June 1, 2006.)(1) The scope of the standard has been changed to includemasonry units along with assemblage specimens.Committee C15 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the last issue (C 153203a) thatmay impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 15, 2005.)(1) The title and the body of the standard have been modifie
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