ASTM C156-2005 Standard Test Method for Water Retention by Liquid Membrane-Forming Curing Compounds for Concrete《混凝土用液膜养护材料保水性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: C 156 05Standard Test Method forWater Retention by Liquid Membrane-Forming CuringCompounds for Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea

2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers labora

3、tory determination of theefficiency of liquid membrane-forming compounds for curingconcrete, as measured by their ability to reduce moisture lossduring the early hardening period.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinfo

4、rmation purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior

5、to use.(WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C87 Test Method for Effect of Organic Impurities in FineAggregate on Strength of MortarC 150 Specification for Portland

6、CementC 230/C 230M Specification for FlowTable for Use inTestsof Hydraulic CementC 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC 778 Specification for Standard SandD 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1653 Te

7、st Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofOrganic Coating FilmsD 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsE 178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations3. Significance and Use3.1 The moisture retaining ability of a product as deter-mined by this test method is used to assess the suita

8、bility ofmaterials for contributing to an appropriate curing environmentfor concrete. The laboratory test method is used both informulating and in specifying or qualifying curing products.This test method gives the user a measure of the ability oftested curing materials to impede the escape of moist

9、ure froma hydraulic cement mortar. Since it is desirable to retainmoisture in fresh concrete to promote the hydration process,failure of the product to minimize the escape of moisture maylead to loss of strength, cracking, shrinkage, or low abrasionresistance of the hardened concrete, or a combinati

10、on thereof.3.2 Many factors affect the laboratory test results. Testresults obtained may be highly variable as indicated by theprecision statement. Critical factors include the precision of thecontrol of the temperature, humidity and air circulation in thecuring cabinet, preparation and sealing of t

11、he mortar speci-mens, the age and surface condition of the mortar specimenwhen the curing product is applied, and the uniformity andquantity of application of the curing membrane.4. Apparatus4.1 Mechanical Mortar Mixer, as described in PracticeC 305, or a larger size mixture operating on the same pr

12、inciple.4.2 Flow Table, as described in Specification C 230/C 230M.4.3 Molds shall be made of metal, glass, hard rubber, orplastic, and shall be watertight and rigidly constructed toprevent distortion during molding of the specimens or handlingof the mold containing fresh mortar. They shall have ami

13、nimum surface area of 12000 mm2(18.6 in.2), and aminimum depth of 19 mm (34 in.). The top surface shall beround, square, or rectangular with length not more than twice1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility

14、of SubcommitteeC09.22 on Materials Applied to New Concrete Surfaces.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originallyapproved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 156 03.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of A

15、STM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appea

16、rs at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the width. The top of the mold shall have a rim to provide afirm level surface to support the wood float and to facilitate thegrooving and sealing steps of

17、 the procedure. The rim shall beparallel with the bottom surface of the mold.NOTE 1Take care to avoid use of an excessive amount of oil, grease,or mold release compound on molds, particularly along the top rim wheresealing compound will be applied. Use of masking tape on the top rimduring applicatio

18、n of release compound to prevent contamination has beenfound expedient.4.4 SpoonA stainless steel serving spoon having a bowl75 to 100 mm (3 to 4 in.) long and 50 to 75 mm (2 to 3 in.)wide for transferring the mortar from the mixing bowl to themold.4.5 Gloves, of rubber or plastic, to be worn while

19、moldingthe specimens.4.6 Tamper, of a nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material suchas medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak rendered non-absorptive by immersion for 15 min in paraffin at approxi-mately 200 C. The tamper shall be rectangular with a 25 by50-mm (1 by 2-in.) cross section and it shall be a conv

20、enientlength (150 to 300 mm (6 to 12 in.).4.7 Wood Float, approximately 75 by 280 by 20 mm thick(3 by 11 by34 in.).NOTE 2A commercial wood float equipped with a substantial handlecan be readily reduced to these dimensions. The float shall be resurfacedor replaced when there is noticeable wear to the

21、 floating surface.4.8 Brush, medium-soft bristle 50-mm (2-in.) paint brush tobrush the surface of the specimens prior to sealing.4.9 Curing Cabinet, maintained at a temperature of 37.8 61.1C (1006 2 F) and a relative humidity of 32 6 2 %. Thecuring cabinet shall be of a design that allows movement o

22、fconditioned air such that the solvent from the curing compoundwill be readily evaporated and eliminated from the system. Airflow over the specimens shall be adjusted to provide anevaporation rate of 2.0 to 3.4 g/h as measured by the procedureof Annex A1. The evaporation rate shall initially be meas

23、uredfor each position in the cabinet in which a sample will beplaced, and shall be verified annually and whenever anychanges are made to the cabinet.The range of evaporation ratesfor all specimen positions in the test cabinet shall be reported.4.10 Balance, having the capacity to determine the mass

24、ofa filled specimen mold to the nearest 0.1 g or less.4.11 ApplicatorFor spray application, any apparatus thatcan be used to apply the curing compound uniformly and withminimum overspray is acceptable. For brush or roller applica-tion, use the equipment recommended by the curing compoundmanufacturer

25、.5. Materials5.1 Portland Cement, conforming to the requirements forType I of Specification C 150.5.2 Graded Standard Sand, conforming to the requirementsof Specification C 778.5.3 Sealing Compound, that will not be affected by thecuring material and which effectively seals against moistureloss betw

26、een the boundary of the specimen and the edge of themold.NOTE 3Tissue embedding wax, readily available from scientificsupply houses, is a convenient and reliable sealant.6. Conditioning6.1 The temperature of the room and of all materials whenused in this test shall be 23 6 2C(736 4 F) unlessotherwis

27、e specified, and the room humidity shall be 50 610 %.7. Number of Specimens7.1 A set of three or more test specimens shall be made inorder to constitute a test of a given curing material.NOTE 4When more than one set of specimens is to be prepared, eachset should be handled as a group throughout the

28、preparation to make theelapsed time between molding and application of the curing product asuniform as possible. This may require mixing the mortar for each setseparately.7.2 For determining the quantity of curing compound to beapplied (MA) calculate the total top surface area of thespecimen, includ

29、ing the seal and the rim of the mold in squaremillimetres using appropriate geometric formulae.NOTE 5The area (A) used in calculating the mass loss per unit area(L) is calculated in 14.2 from the surface dimensions measured inside theseal of the specimen.8. Proportioning and Mixing Mortar8.1 Proport

30、ioningDetermine the sand content of the mor-tar by adding dry sand to a cement paste having a water-cementratio of 0.40 by weight, to produce a flow of 35 6 5 in 10 dropsof the flow table, following the procedure described in TestMethod C87. Discard the mix used to determine the proportionof sand to

31、 cement.NOTE 6The sand:cement ratio required varies with the source of thecement. A ratio of 2.5:1 is suggested as a starting point. Flow may bedetermined ona3to4kgbatch of mortar which is conveniently mixed inthe mixer described in Practice C 305. The mixture used to establish thesand:cement ratio

32、is discarded because it is thought that the age andmixing history of the mortar affect the final moisture loss results and mustbe controlled.8.2 MixingCombine the components of the mortar in amortar-mixing machine to produce a homogeneous mortar notmore than 6 min from the time the water and the cem

33、ent arecombined.NOTE 7A generally effective sequence is to add the cement to all ofthe water in the mixing bowl and allow it to stand for 30 s. Then, mix atlow speed for 30 s and, without stopping the mixer, add the sand within30 s and continue mixing for 1 min. Stop the mixer for 1 min. During thef

34、irst 15 s, scrape down the sides of the bowl. Finish by mixing for anadditional 1 min, and promptly begin molding the specimens.9. Preparing Specimens9.1 Thoroughly clean the molds before each use. Use of amold release is acceptable provided that care is taken to avoidits application to the top rim

35、of the mold to prevent interferencewith sealing of the edge.9.2 Half fill the mold and spread the mortar with the back ofthe spoon to create a layer of approximately uniform thickness.Tamp over the entire surface with one stroke of the 25 by 50mm (1 by 2 in.) face of the tamper per 1000 mm2of surfac

36、earea rounded to the nearest integer. Place a second layer ofC156052mortar, sufficient in amount to slightly overfill the mold andtamp in a similar manner. Using the 25-mm (1-in.) wide by 150to 300-mm (6 to 12-in.) long edge of the tamper, fill theindentations made by the tamping and level the surfa

37、ce bypressing down firmly with a series of contacts across the entiresurface. Strike off the specimen level with the top of the moldusing a wood float with one pass only, in the direction of thelong axis of the specimen for rectangular molds, using asawing motion of the float. Keep the 75-mm (3-in.)

38、 face of thefloat firmly in contact with the mortar and edges of the mold sothat the float creates a uniformly dense surface free of voidsand cracks.9.3 Immediately after molding, wipe the outside surfaces ofthe molds clean, and place the specimens in the curing cabinetmaintained at the conditions s

39、pecified in 4.9. The specimensshall be level and not subject to vibration. The spacing betweenthe individual specimens and between the specimens and theside walls of the cabinet shall be between 50 and 175 mm (2 to7 in.). Within these limits the spacing shall be the same for allspecimens. Use dummy

40、specimens to fill any empty spaces inthe cabinet.10. Surface Preparation and Edge Sealing10.1 Remove the specimens from the cabinet immediatelyupon disappearance of the surface water and lightly brush thesurface using just sufficient force to remove the laitance andglaze without scarifying the morta

41、r surface. If surface waterappears after brushing, return the specimen to the cabinet butimmediately remove the specimen upon the disappearance ofthe surface water brought to the surface by the brushingoperation, and brush again. The mortar shall be free of surfacewater but shall not be dry below th

42、e surface.The proper surfacecondition will be attained when brushing does not bring freewater to the surface, or produce smearing, and can be deter-mined by gently rubbing an area with the finger tip.NOTE 8The exposure time in the cabinet and the initial moisture lossthat will result in the proper s

43、urface condition is characteristic of thecuring cabinet used and other testing conditions related to the laboratoryperforming the test. Uniformity of test surface conditions may bemaintained by setting an expected exposure time or initial moisture loss.When any test condition is changed (sand, cemen

44、t, and so forth), a newexposure time or initial moisture loss, or both, shall be determined.10.2 Form a V-shaped groove approximately 3 mm (18 in.)deep and not more than 3 mm (18 in.) wide between the edgeof the mortar specimen and the mold. Fill the groove with thesealing compound. The sealing comp

45、ound shall not extendmore than 6 mm (14 in.) from the edge of the mold onto thesurface of the specimen.NOTE 9To cut out the groove for sealing, the tip of a pointed trowel,a pointed spatula, a pointed triangular can opener, or a “hawksbill point”ground on the end of a spatula or knife blade have all

46、 been reported to beeffective.11. Application of Curing Materials11.1 Calculate the mass of the curing compound to beapplied, MA, to the nearest 0.1 g based on the specifiedapplication rate, the total surface area calculated per 7.2, andthe density of the curing compound determined in accordancewith

47、 Test Method D 1475. If no rate is specified, apply thecuring compound at the rate of 5.0 m2/L (200 ft2/gal). Themethod of application shall be in accordance with the manu-facturers recommendations.11.2 Immediately after sealing, weigh the specimen to thenearest 0.1 g (M1); then uniformly apply the

48、curing compoundat the specified rate of application. Application shall be madeexpeditiously to only one specimen at a time.NOTE 10It is desirable to use a spray booth or a laboratory hood tocontrol overspray and solvent fumes especially for curing compounds thatare sprayed. However, the velocity of

49、air movement in the vicinity of thespecimen must be kept at a minimum so as to prevent, as much aspossible, significant loss of volatiles during spraying and before the finalweighing. Spraying shall be accomplished with the minimum pressure andflow rate of air with which an acceptable spray pattern can be attained.11.3 Determine the proper coverage by comparing the initialmass of the specimen (M1), before applying the curing com-pound, to the mass after coating. The final mass shall equal theinitial mass of the specimen plus the predetermined mass of thecuri