1、Designation: C 1560 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forHot Water Accelerated Aging of Glass-Fiber ReinforcedCement-Based Composites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1560; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method provides a way of accelerating theaging of glass fiber reinforced cemen
3、titious composites inorder to develop data that will indicate real-life naturalweathering performance.1.2 The coupons prepared for this test method will be testedusing Test Method C 947.1.3 This test method can be used to age coupons for othertest methods.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units ar
4、e to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
5、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 947 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Thin-SectionGlass-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Simpl
6、e BeamWith Third-Point Loading)C 1228 Practice for Preparing Coupons for Flexural andWashout Tests on Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 The basis for this test as an indicator of the long termbehavior of fiber reinforced composites is that elevated tem-perature and moisture c
7、ontent accelerate the formation of theproducts of hydration of the cement in the matrix, particularlycalcium hydroxide.3.1.1 It is known that the interaction of these products ofhydration, particularly calcium hydroxide, with the fibers canhave a major effect on the long-term properties of the compo
8、s-ites.3.1.2 The principal mechanism that occurs is that thecalcium hydroxide forms within the bundles of filaments thatform the glass fiber strand. This gradually bonds the filamentstogether, which reduces filament pull-out. This causes a reduc-tion in the strain capacity of the composite, thereby
9、reducingthe strength of the composite and changing the composite froma ductile material to an increasingly brittle material.3.1.3 Accelerating the formation of the hydration productsaccelerates their interaction with the fibers, hence acceleratingthe aging of the composite.3.2 The data developed fro
10、m this test are used by research-ers and manufacturers to evaluate the long-term performanceof different mixtures, reinforcements, mixture components, andto provide data for the development of design procedures forproducts made from these composites.3.2.1 The recorded data also provides screening in
11、formationas new matrices and reinforcements are developed.3.3 The usefulness of the test as an indicator of long termcomposite performance is valid if the only reactions that areaccelerated are those that occur more slowly under naturalweathering, hot water can induce effects in some composites,for
12、instance those containing acrylic polymer, that may notoccur in natural weathering. This test method may not be avalid indicator of long-term performance of such composites.4. Apparatus4.1 Aging TanksTank material can be but not limited to,plastic, insulated to maintain a stable temperature. Insulat
13、ionshould cover all exterior surfaces including the cover. Insula-tion can be a foam product as used in building construction.4.1.1 The size of the tank is typically 12 in. deep (300 mm),18 in. wide (450 mm), and 20 to 36 in. (600 to 900 mm), inlength. Size is determined by the amount of coupons to
14、beprocessed and the ability to maintain stable temperatures.Water temperature in several medium sized tanks is easier tocontrol than one large tank.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on PrecastConcrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.40 on
15、 GlassFiber Reinforced Concrete.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originallyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C 1560 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu
16、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Heating UnitAn immersion unit with rheostat forcontrolling temperature,
17、such as those used for aquariums, hasbeen found to be satisfactory.4.3 ThermometerA standard immersion, laboratory ther-mometer is used to monitor temperature. More sophisticatedrecorders can also be used.4.4 Immersion RackA rack built from a non-contaminating material, such as wood or plastic, shou
18、ld beused to maintain coupon separation. Space should be at least 1in. (25 mm) between coupons and coupons should be totallyimmersed. The design of the rack is left up to the testingfacility.4.5 It is recommended that about 50 in.3(820 cc) of water beused per coupon.4.6 The tank should be sealed to
19、prevent loss of waterthrough evaporation.5. Procedure5.1 Coupons are prepared according to Practice C 1228,orcut from actual product, and coded for identification. Couponsare first cured for 28 days and tested using Test Method C 947.A random sampling of test coupons is tested to establishunaged or
20、beginning properties. Sufficient coupons should beproduced to allow the testing of a minimum of six coupons perinterval.5.1.1 Coupons cut from actual product should have aproduct history if possible.5.2 Coupons are totally immersed in the tank filled withpreheated water. The type of water, for examp
21、le. distilled,lime-saturated, etc., must be chosen to minimize contaminationof the coupons and to minimize the possibility of the waterdissolving constituents of the composite that could affect theaging process.5.2.1 Different matrices should be aged in separate tanks.5.2.2 It is important that the
22、water not be changed during theduration of the test. Also topping up should be minimal.5.3 Test intervals after immersion are: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40,50, 60, 70, 80, 90 or more days. Aging can be considered ascomplete when the doubling of the aging period shows lessthan a 5 % decrease in the flexural
23、ultimate and/or a decreaseof strain capacity of less than 10 %.5.4 Water temperature can be 122F (50C) up to 176F(80C) but must be stable at the chosen temperature.Aging willbe faster at higher temperatures. Temperature should be main-tained at the required level 6 3F (2C) and measured andrecorded a
24、t twelve hour intervals. Manual checks with alaboratory thermometer is satisfactory, however the use of acontinuous recorder is preferred. If the temperature increasesor decreases more than 3F (2C) from the chosen value and isconstant for over five hours the test should be discontinued. Ifthere is a
25、ny question regarding the stability of the temperaturethe test should be discontinued.5.5 At each test interval, aged coupons should be selected atrandom from the remaining coupons in the tank and tested.6. Calculation or Interpretation of Results6.1 Modulus of Rupture is calculated in accordance wi
26、thTest Method C 947.6.2 Strain to failure is measured analogously using themeasured deflection at failure.7. Report7.1 The report shall include the following:7.1.1 Identification of coupon,7.1.2 Description of coupon,7.1.3 Temperature of water,7.1.4 Number of hours immersed,7.1.5 Date and time of te
27、st,7.1.6 Type of test performed,7.1.7 Flexural yield strength and flexural ultimate strengthas per Test Method C 947,7.1.8 Measured deflection at failure,7.1.9 Appearance of coupon at rupture point,7.1.10 Description of reinforcement,7.1.11 Description of mix proportions including fiber con-tent,7.1
28、.12 Type of aging medium, for example, distilled water,lime saturated water, etc., and7.1.13 Source of coupons.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The precision and bias criteria are being developed andtests are being conducted.9. Keywords9.1 accelerated aging; GFRC; glass fiber; glass fiber rein-forced concre
29、teASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, a
30、re entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional stand
31、ardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Commi
32、ttee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1560 03 (2009)2
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