1、Designation: C 1574 04 (Reapproved 2008)1Standard Guide forDetermining Blown Density of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Mineral Fiber Thermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1574; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in June 2009.1. Scope1.1 This guide describ
3、es two alternate procedures for deter-mining blown density at a predetermined thickness or a rangeof thicknesses expected in field applications of mineral fiberloose-fill insulation.1.2 This guide involves blowing a sample of loose-fillinsulation into a test frame of known volume, measuring theweigh
4、t of the insulation captured and calculating the blowndensity.1.3 This guide is intended for pneumatically-applied loose-fill mineral fiber insulation designed for use in horizontal openattic spaces.1.4 This guide is intended for product design and productauditing by manufacturers of loose-fill insu
5、lation. This guide isadaptable as a plant quality control procedure.1.5 This guide does not predict the aged density of themineral fiber loose-fill insulation.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of
6、 this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and to determine the applicability of regula-tory limitations prior to use.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are prov
7、ided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 1374 Test Method for Determination of Installed Thick-ness of Pneumatically Applied Loose-Fill Building Insula-tion3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTermin
8、ology C 168 is applicable to theterms used in this standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Variable blown densitychange in density exhibitedby loose-fill insulation as a function of thickness.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSome loose-fill insulation materials ex-hibit an increase in blo
9、wn density when thickness increases.Also, the original thickness may or may not decrease with timeresulting in the same or somewhat higher densities. Thisthickness vs density relationship should be considered whendeveloping coverage information for the bag label.4. Significance and Use4.1 Blown dens
10、ity is used to develop loose-fill coveragecharts. Data for blown density vs thickness is used in thedevelopment of a variable blown density presentation forloose-fill insulation.4.2 Thermal resistance (and conductivity) of loose-fill min-eral fiber insulation depends on density and thickness. Theres
11、ulting blown density data is useful in developing an expres-sion for apparent thermal conductivity as a function of density.This will in turn aid the manufacturer in developing coverageinformation for packages of loose-fill insulation.4.3 The blown density obtained in this method is for thethickness
12、 of the test only. The relationship of blown densitywith thickness can be determined by repeating the proceduresoutlined here using different thicknesses.4.4 These procedures are not the same as the test methoddescribed in Test Method C 1374. Depending on the testconditions utilized, the blown densi
13、ty may, or may not,represent the installed density values obtained by using TestMethod C 1374.4.5 This guide can be used to develop appropriate blowingmachine settings to achieve a target blown density at apredetermined thickness.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on Thermal
14、Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.32 on MechanicalProperties.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 157404.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
15、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Summary o
16、f Guide5.1 A standardized test chamber of fixed volume is used tocollect the pneumatically-applied insulation.5.2 There are two types of test chambers that are in commonuse:5.2.1 Procedure A uses a moveable test box having aminimum volume of 20 cubic feet (0.56 m3) . The blownmaterial is weighed whi
17、le still in the test box and the density iscalculated.5.2.2 Procedure B uses a fixed frame assembly in a testroom or blowing shack to simulate an attic application. Theblown material is removed from the test frame and weighedseparately to calculate the density.5.3 After the insulation is blown into
18、the chamber, theweight of the insulation is determined.5.4 From the volume of the sample and its weight, theblown density is determined.6. Apparatus6.1 Blowing Machinea commercial pneumatic blowingmachine, designed for handling mineral fiber loose-fill insula-tion materials, shall be used for blowin
19、g the insulation into thetest chamber. This machine shall have throughput and handlingcharacteristics representative of that used in field applications.6.2 Blowing Hosethe machine shall utilize three (3) 50 ft(15 m) sections to make up 150 ft (46 m) of a minimum of 3in. (76 mm) diameter flexible cor
20、rugated blowing hose.At least100 ft. (30 m) of the hose shall have an elevation of between10 and 20 ft (3 and 6 m) above the blowing machine tosimulate a typical installation configuration. The hose shallhave no more than eight 90-degree bends and no bends may beless than 4 ft (1.2 m) radius. After
21、50 h of usage, the last 50 ft(15 m) section at the discharge end shall be discarded. A new50 ft (15 m) shall be attached directly to the blowing woolmachine. The remaining 100 ft (30 m) shall then be attached tothe end of the new hose. This creates a hose replacementrotation.6.3 Scalesplatform scale
22、s or load cells accurate to 1 %.6.4 Specimen Preparation Rooman enclosed area wherethe test material is to be blown into the test chamber. This areais required to protect the blowing operation from wind orstrong air currents. Room geometry should provide adequateclearance around the test chamber and
23、 large enough not toinfluence the blowing stream from the hose.6.5 Hose Nozzle Standa hose stand on casters that holdsthe blowing hose at a fixed height of 36 to 48 in. (0.9 to 1.2 m)and is on a swivel that allows the operator to swing the hosehorizontally back and forth while slowly moving backward
24、sand forwards to fill the test chamber. A typical hose nozzlestand is shown in Fig. 1. Use of the hose stand is optional.6.6 Moveable Test Chamber (Procedure A)a woodenopen container to collect the insulation. The chamber shallFIG. 1 Hose Nozzle StandC 1574 04 (2008)12have a minimum capacity of 20 f
25、t3(0.57 m3) and have theminimum inside dimensions of 11 in. high by 28 in. wide by 80in. long (279 mm by 711 mm by 2032 mm). Note that theseminimum dimensions by themselves do not produce therequired volume but simply represent the minimum B, C, andD dimensions in Fig. 2. The front of the test chamb
26、er istypically angled at 45 degrees to insure proper filling as theoperator moves back during the filling operation. A typical testchamber is shown in Fig. 2.6.7 Fixed Test Chamber (Procedure B)joists are built upon a plywood floor to simulate an open attic structure.Typically 2 in. by 10 in. (50 mm
27、 by 254 mm) joists, 16 in. (406mm) on center, are used to create three sections that are 19 ftlong (5.8 m). The joists are marked along their length at 6 in.(152 mm) intervals so that the total insulation volume can bedetermined after the blowing is completed. A typical testchamber is shown in Fig.
28、3.6.8 Compressed air supply, hose, and nozzle.6.9 Straight edged screed.7. Procedure7.1 Procedure AMoveable Test Chamber7.1.1 Within the sample preparation area, position the emptyand clean test chamber on the scale and so that the test chamberis approximately centered side to side and from front to
29、 back.7.1.2 Tare the scale/load cells.7.1.3 Affix the appropriate blowing hose to the blowingmachine and, if used, secure the exit hose end in the hosenozzle stand.FIG. 2 Movable Test Chamber Procedure AFIG. 3 Fixed Test Chamber Procedure BC 1574 04 (2008)137.1.4 Set the blowing machine with the des
30、ired gear, gateopening, and air pressure settings required to obtain the blowninsulation conditioning that is representative of a field blownapplication.7.1.5 Load the appropriate amount of loose-fill in theblowing machine hopper.7.1.6 Start the blowing machine and direct the hose andmaterial flow t
31、o the side away from the test chamber. Verifyproper air pressure by checking machine gauge or blownmaterial arc length.7.1.7 If blowing by hand, position the end portion of theblowing hose horizontal to the floor at all times and at aminimum of 3 ft (0.9 m) and a maximum of 4 ft (1.2m) abovethe floo
32、r of the test chamber.7.1.8 When the insulation is flowing smoothly (about 10-20s) begin filling the test chamber. Fill the test chamber fromback to front using a slow sweeping motion from side to sideoverlapping all sides of the test chamber by at least one foot.7.1.9 Slowly and uniformly move back
33、wards and forwardsto uniformly fill the chamber and capture the most representa-tive stream of blown material.7.1.10 When the chamber is full, direct the hose away fromthe test fixture and stop the machine.7.1.11 Remove by broom or air any insulation that is on thefloor and touching the test chamber
34、 or the scale/ load cells sothe proper weight of test insulation will be obtained.7.1.12 Using compressed air, carefully move along the sideof the chamber blowing the high insulation area away toachieve a level surface.7.1.13 Using a straight edged screed, start in the middle ofthe test chamber and
35、work to each end carefully, so theinsulation is not compressed, screeding the insulation surfacelevel to the top of the test chamber.7.1.14 Record the weight of the insulation in the testchamber to the nearest 0.05 lb (0.02 kg).7.1.15 Calculate the blown density by dividing the insula-tion weight by
36、 the volume of the test chamber.7.2 Procedure B Fixed Test Chamber7.2.1 Make sure the test frame is empty and clean. Thenfollow steps 7.1.3-7.1.10 from the procedure above.7.2.2 Starting at the back of the joist cavities, use a straightedged screed to level the insulation to the top of the joists.Av
37、oid raking, packing, or pushing the insulation down.7.2.3 Using the screed, cut off all insulation in each of thethree cavities beyond the marks where the cavities are notfilled. Separate this material from the leveled material. Forexample, when the insulation completely fills the 8.75 in. (212mm) c
38、avity created by the 2 310 lumber framework afterleveling, separate and discard the material beyond the last markwhere the filling has occurred.7.2.4 Count and record the number of 6 in. (152 mm) cavitylengths filled with insulation.7.2.5 Collect and weigh the insulation to the nearest 0.05 lb(0.02
39、kg) from the filled cavities.7.2.6 Calculate the volume of insulation using Eq 1.Vol 5N 3 Length 3 Width 3 HeightConversion(1)Where:Vol = Volume (ft3or m3)N = Number of cavity spaces filledLength = Separation length of cavity space marks (in.or mm)Width = Width of cavity space between joists (in. or
40、mm)Height = Height of the joists (in. or mm)Conversion = Units conversion (1728 IP or 10+9SI)7.2.7 Calculate the blown density in lb/ft3(kg/m3) by divid-ing the weight from 7.2.5 by the volume determined in 7.2.6.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Test location, date, time, and oper
41、ator.8.1.2 Temperature and relative humidity.8.1.3 Product identification with manufacturer, productname, date of manufacture (if available), and bag weight.8.1.4 Product preconditioning, if any.8.1.5 Blowing machine type and settings.8.1.6 Test chamber dimensions and volume.8.1.7 Procedure used.8.1
42、.8 Insulation weight.8.1.9 Blown density.8.1.10 Blow hose type, diameter, length, and maximumelevation.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe following repeatability values havebeen determined for this guide.9.1.1 The repeatability standard deviation has been deter-mined at one laboratory to be 0.01
43、lb/ft3(0.16 kg/m3) for anaverage density of 0.44 lb/ft3(7.0 kg/m3) when testing a lightdensity, unbonded mineral fiber loose-fill insulation usingProcedure A methodology.9.1.2 The repeatability standard deviation has been deter-mined at one laboratory to be 0.02lb/ft3(0.32 kg/m3) for anaverage densi
44、ty of 0.60 lb/ft3(9.6 kg/m3) when testing a lightdensity, unbonded mineral fiber loose-fill insulation usingProcedure B methodology.9.1.3 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedures in this guide for measuring the blown density ofloose-fill insulation because no standardized mat
45、erial is avail-able that has an accepted reference value.9.1.4 The results of the laboratory study of the test repeat-ability can be found inASTM Research Report RR:C16-10273.9.1.5 There has not been an interlaboratory testing programto establish the precision for either Procedure A or ProcedureB. W
46、hen data is available this section will be revised.10. Keywords10.1 blown density; loose-fill; mineral fiber; thermalinsulation3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:C16-1027 .C 1574 04 (2008)14ASTM International takes
47、no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own respo
48、nsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed
49、 to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the
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