1、Designation: C 1582/C 1582M 04Standard Specification forAdmixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion ofReinforcing Steel in Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1582/C 1582M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers material for use as chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtu
3、res for concrete.1.2 Results of the tests conducted to meet this specificationare not to be used to rank the expected field performance ofvarious chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtures.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units shallbe regarded separately as standard. The values stated
4、 in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other without combiningvalues in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
5、 to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards
6、:3C 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 78 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (UsingSimple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concre
7、teC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 157/C 157M Test Method for Length Change of Hard-ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 403/C 403M Test Metho
8、d for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 666 Test Method for Resistance of Concrete to RapidFreezing and ThawingC 1152/C 1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride inMortar and ConcreteG 15 Terminology Relatin
9、g to Corrosion and CorrosionTestingG 109 Test Method for Determining the Effects of ChemicalAdmixtures on the Corrosion of Embedded Steel Reinforc-ing in Concrete Exposed to Chloride Environments2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions of Normal,Heavyweig
10、ht, and Mass Concrete43. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminologies C 125 and G 15 fordefinitions of terms used in this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 chloride-ion contentthe acid-soluble chloride-ioncontent, measured according to Test Method C 1152/C 11
11、52M,of a powder sample taken at a depth equal to the depth ofreinforcement.3.2.2 completion of testingwhen the following conditionsare satisfied: (1) the mean integrated macrocell current in thecontrol beams is greater than or equal to 150 coulombs (C); and(2) the mean chloride-ion content of the te
12、st beams is greaterthan or equal to the critical chloride-ion content.3.2.2.1 DiscussionRefer to the Appendix for additionalexplanation of the methodology used to evaluate the perfor-mance of a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.3 control beamsbeams subjected to the treatment inTest Method
13、G 109 that are made from concrete without thechloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2
14、004. Published September 2004.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards v
15、olume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 c
16、ritical chloride-ion contentthe mean chloride-ioncontent in the unreinforced control beams at t50plus thestandard deviation.3.2.5 reinforced beamsbeams used to measure macrocellcorrosion current according to Test Method G 109.3.2.6 t50time when the mean integrated macrocell currentof the control bea
17、ms reaches 50 C.3.2.7 t150time when the mean integrated macrocell cur-rent of the control beams reaches 150 C.3.2.8 test beamsbeams subjected to the treatment in TestMethod G 109 that are made from concrete with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.9 unreinforced beamsbeams without reinfo
18、rcementthat are subjected to the cyclic ponding and drying treatment inTest Method G 109 and used to determine chloride-ion content.4. General Requirements4.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test-concrete made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admix-ture shall conform to the req
19、uirements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 The purchaser is allowed to require a limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture to specificationrequirements. The limited retesting covers physical and chemi-cal properties and performance of the admixture.4.2.1 The physical properties retest
20、ing shall consist ofuniformity and equivalence tests for infrared analysis, residueby oven drying, and specific gravity as described in Specifica-tion C 494/C 494M.4.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist oftime of setting and compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days.Purchasers having
21、 special requirements are allowed to requireadditional tests currently in this standard.4.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied for use in theproject is identical in all essential respects, including concen-tration, to the admixture tes
22、ted under this specification andfound to comply therewith.4.4 Tests for uniformity and equivalence shall be made onthe initial sample in accordance with Specification C 494/C 494M, and the results retained for reference and comparisonwith the results of tests of samples taken from elsewhere withinth
23、e lot or subsequent lots of admixture supplied for use in theproject.5. Corrosion-Inhibiting Performance5.1 In addition to producing concrete that meets the require-ments in Table 1, the test admixture must show corrosion-inhibiting performance as summarized in Table 2 when testedin accordance with
24、Test Method G 109 with reinforcing bardepths and mixture proportions as specified in Sections 10 and11 of this specification. The following requirements must beattained.5.2 At completion of testing (see 3.2.2), the mean integratedmacrocell current of the test beams must be less than or equalto 50 C.
25、5.3 At completion of testing, the mean corroded area of thetop reinforcing steel in the test beams must be less than orequal to13 of the mean corroded area of the top steel in thecontrol beams.5.4 At the completion of testing, the mean chloride-ioncontent of the test beams must be greater than or eq
26、ual to thecritical chloride-ion content.6. Packaging and Package Marking6.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages or con-tainers, the proprietary name of the admixture and the net massor volume shall be plainly marked thereon. Similar informationshall be provided in the shipping information ac
27、companyingpackaged or bulk shipments of admixtures.7. Storage7.1 Store the admixture so as to permit easy access forproper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in asuitable weather-tight building that will protect the admixturefrom dampness and freezing.8. Sampling and Inspection8.1 S
28、ampling and inspection shall be in accordance withSpecification C 494/C 494M.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Concrete Containing aChloride-Corrosion-Inhibiting AdmixtureTime of setting, allowable deviation from control, h:minInitial: not more than 3:30 earlier or laterFinal: not more than 3:30 earl
29、ier or laterStrength:Age Compressive strength,min. % of control:A,BFlexural strength,min. % of control:A,B3 days 80 807 days 80 8028 days 80 806 months 801 year 80Length change, max. shrinkage (alternative requirements)CPercent of control: 135Increase over control, percentage points: 0.010Relative d
30、urability factor, minimum %: 80AThe values in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results.The objective of the 80 % relative strength is to require a level of performancecomparable to that of the control concrete. Reinforced concrete, subjected tobrackish water, salt spray and/o
31、r deicers, requires a water-cement ratio of 0.40 orless for long-term durability. This durability requirement results typically in com-pressive strengths in excess of what is required structurally. If high-strengthconcrete is needed for structural purposes, mixture proportions may need to beadjusted
32、 when using a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.BThe compressive and flexural strength of the concrete containing the admix-ture under test at any test age shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at anyprevious test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the compressive orfle
33、xural strength of the concrete containing the admixture under test shall notdecrease with age.CFor the alternative requirements (see Specification C 494/C 494M), the per-cent of control limit applies when length change of the control concrete is 0.030 %or greater, and the increase over control limit
34、 applies when length change of thecontrol concrete is less than 0.030 %.TABLE 2 Corrosion Inhibiting RequirementsMean integrated macrocell current of test beams, CA# 50Mean corroded area of test beams, fraction of controlA#13AAt completion of testing using Test Method G 109 and based on a minimum of
35、three specimens of control and test concrete, and discarded specimens are notincluded.C 1582/C 1582M 0429. Rejection9.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is allowedto reject the admixture if it fails to meet any of the applicablerequirements for this specification.9.2 For limited retesti
36、ng, the purchaser is allowed to rejectthe admixture if it fails to meet any of the requirements of theUniformity and Equivalence Section of Specification C 494/C 494M and of the applicable parts of Table 1 of this standard.9.3 An admixture stored at the point of manufacture, formore than 6 months pr
37、ior to shipment, or an admixture in localstorage in the hands of a vendor for more than 6 months, aftercompletion of tests, shall be retested before use when requestedby the purchaser and is allowed to be rejected if it fails toconform to any of the applicable requirements of this specifi-cation.9.4
38、 Packages or containers varying more than 5 % from thespecified mass or volume are allowed to be rejected. If theaverage mass or volume of 50 packages taken at random is lessthan that specified, the entire shipment is allowed to berejected.9.5 When the admixture is to be used in non-air-entrainedcon
39、crete, it shall be rejected when the purchaser desires if thetest concrete containing it has an air content greater than 3.5 %;when the admixture is to be used in air-entrained concrete, itshall be rejected when the purchaser desires if the test concretecontaining it has an air content greater than
40、7.0 %.TEST METHODSNOTE 1These tests are based on arbitrary stipulations which makepossible highly standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intendedto simulate actual job conditions.10. Test Specimens10.1 Two types of concrete are used to make test specimens.One, the control concrete, is ma
41、de without the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture. The other concrete, the testconcrete, is made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting ad-mixture. Do not use cement that causes the air content of thecontrol concrete made without the subject admixture to exceed3.0 %.10.2 Make specimens for meas
42、uring compressive strength,flexural strength, resistance to freezing and thawing, and lengthchange in accordance with Specification C 494/C 494M. Pre-pare three separate batches of each concrete mixture inaccordance with Specification C 494/C 494M, and report themean test results from the three batc
43、hes.10.3 Make specimens for corrosion testing and chloride-ionanalysis from a separate batch of each concrete. For eachconcrete mixture, make at least three beams with steel rein-forcement in accordance with Test Method G 109, and make atleast three beams of the same size without reinforcement (Note
44、2). The reinforcement shall be deformed bars designation No.4 13 with a nominal diameter of12 in. 12.7 mm and thecover depth shall be 1.0 6 0.1 in. 25 6 3 mm. Subject allbeams to the same cyclic ponding and drying treatmentdescribed in Test Method G 109.NOTE 2The reinforced beams are used to determi
45、ne the macrocellcorrosion current as a function of time, and the unreinforced beams areused to determine the chloride-ion content at specified times.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Mixture ProportionsProportion all concrete mixturesto conform to the requirements described in 11.1.1 through11.1.5. Unles
46、s otherwise specified, include the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture with the first increment ofmixing water that is added to the mixer.11.1.1 The water-cement ratio shall be 0.50 6 0.01 and thecement content shall be between 550 and 650 lb/yd3325 and385 kg/m3. The test and control mixtures ar
47、e to have water andcement contents equivalent to within 6 1 % by mass.11.1.2 Cement shall meet the requirements of a Type IIcement according to Specification C 150.NOTE 3Type II cement is used to limit the tricalcium aluminate (C3A)content and is not intended as design guidance for specific projects
48、.11.1.3 The grading of the coarse aggregate shall complywith size number 7 or 8 of Specification C 33, that is, thenominal maximum size is12 in. 12.5 mm or38 in. 9.5 mm.For the first trial mixture, refer to ACI 211.1 for guidance onthe amount of coarse aggregate to use based on the finenessmodulus o
49、f the fine aggregate.NOTE 4Tabulated values of coarse aggregate content given in ACI211.1 are intended to ensure workable mixtures with the least favorablecombinations of aggregate likely to be used. It is suggested, therefore, thatfor a closer approximation of the required proportions, the volume ofcoarse aggregate (in the dry-rodded condition) per unit volume of concreteselected from ACI 211.1 be increased by about 0.07 for the first trialmixture.11.1.4 For air-entrained concrete, the air content of the freshconcrete shall be 6 6 1 % as measured acco
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