1、Designation: C1582/C1582M 11 (Reapproved 2017)1Standard Specification forAdmixtures to Inhibit Chloride-Induced Corrosion ofReinforcing Steel in Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1582/C1582M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEStandard designations were corrected editorially in July 2017.1. Scope*1.1 T
3、his specification covers material for use as chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtures for concrete.1.2 Results of the tests conducted to meet this specificationare not to be used to rank the expected field performance ofvarious chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixtures.1.3 The values stated in either
4、 SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard
5、does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi
6、tious mixtures are caustic and maycause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolongedexposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
7、 Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete(
8、Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC23
9、1/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method for Time of Setting of ConcreteMixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC666
10、/C666M Test Method for Resistance of Concrete toRapid Freezing and ThawingC1152/C1152M Test Method for Acid-Soluble Chloride inMortar and ConcreteG15 Terminology Relating to Corrosion and Corrosion Test-ing (Withdrawn 2010)4G109 Test Method for Determining Effects of ChemicalAdmixtures on Corrosion
11、of Embedded Steel Reinforce-ment in Concrete Exposed to Chloride EnvironmentsG180 Test Method for Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures forSteel in Concrete by Polarization Resistance in Cementi-tious Slurries1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggre
12、gates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.23 on Chemical Admixtures.Current edition approved June 15, 2017. Published July 2017. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1582/C1582M 11.DOI: 10.1520/C1582_C1582M-11R17E01.2Section on Safety Precautions, Ma
13、nual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
14、onthe ASTM website.4The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international
15、standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12
16、.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:5ACI 211.1 Practice for Selecting Proportions of Normal,Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRefer to Terminologies C125 and G15 fordefinitions of terms used in this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 c
17、hloride-ion content, nthe acid-soluble chloride-ioncontent, measured according to Test Method C1152/C1152M,of a powder sample taken at a depth equal to the depth ofreinforcement.3.2.2 completion of testing, nfor Test Method G109, whenthe following conditions are satisfied: (1) the mean integratedmac
18、rocell current in the control beams is greater than or equalto 150 coulombs (C); and (2) the mean chloride-ion content ofthe test beams is greater than or equal to the critical chloride-ion content.3.2.2.1 DiscussionRefer to the Appendix for additionalexplanation of the methodology used to evaluate
19、the perfor-mance of a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.3 control beams, nbeams subjected to the treatment inTest Method G109 that are made from concrete without thechloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.4 critical chloride-ion content, nthe mean chloride-ion content in the unreinforc
20、ed control beams at t50plus thestandard deviation.3.2.5 reinforced beams, nbeams used to measure macro-cell corrosion current according to Test Method G109.3.2.6 t50,ntime when the mean integrated macrocellcurrent of the control beams reaches 50 C.3.2.7 t150,ntime when the mean integrated macrocellc
21、urrent of the control beams reaches 150 C.3.2.8 test beams, nbeams subjected to the treatment inTest Method G109 that are made from concrete with thechloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture.3.2.9 unreinforced beams, nbeams without reinforcementthat are subjected to the cyclic ponding and drying treat
22、ment inTest Method G109 and used to determine chloride-ion content.4. General Requirements4.1 For initial compliance with this specification, test-concrete made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admix-ture shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.4.2 The purchaser is allowed to r
23、equire a limited retesting toconfirm current compliance of the admixture to specificationrequirements. The limited retesting covers physical and chemi-cal properties and performance of the admixture.4.2.1 The physical properties retesting shall consist ofuniformity and equivalence tests for infrared
24、 analysis, residueby oven drying, and specific gravity as described in Specifica-tion C494/C494M.4.2.2 The performance property retesting shall consist oftime of setting and compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days.Purchasers having special requirements are allowed to requireadditional tests curren
25、tly in this standard.4.3 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shallstate in writing that the admixture supplied for use in theproject is identical in all essential respects, includingconcentration, to the admixture tested under this specificationand found to comply therewith.4.4 Tests f
26、or uniformity and equivalence shall be made onthe initial sample in accordance with Specification C494/C494M, and the results retained for reference and comparisonwith the results of tests of samples taken from elsewhere withinthe lot or subsequent lots of admixture supplied for use in theproject.5.
27、 Corrosion-Inhibiting Performance5.1 In addition to producing concrete that meets the require-ments in Table 1, the test admixture must show corrosion-inhibiting performance as summarized in Table 2 when testedin accordance with Test Method G109 with reinforcing bardepths and mixture proportions as
28、specified in Sections 10 and11 of this specification, or in accordance with Test MethodG180 using 0.5 M NaCl as specified in Section 15.5.2 The following requirements must be attained when TestMethod G109 is used:5Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 4
29、8333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.TABLE 1 Physical Requirements of Concrete Containing aChloride-Corrosion-Inhibiting AdmixtureTime of setting, allowable deviation from control, h:minInitial: not more than 3:30 earlier or laterFinal: not more than 3:30 earlier or laterStrength:Age Compressive streng
30、th,min. % of control:A,BFlexural strength,min. % of control:A,B3 days 80 807 days 80 8028 days 80 806 months 801 year 80Length change, max. shrinkage (alternative requirements)CPercent of control: 135Increase over control, percentage points: 0.010Relative durability factor, minimum %: 80AThe values
31、in the table include allowance for normal variation in test results. Theobjective of the 80 % relative strength is to require a level of performancecomparable to that of the control concrete. Reinforced concrete, subjected tobrackish water, salt spray and/or deicers, requires a water-cement ratio of
32、 0.40 orless for long-term durability. This durability requirement results typically in com-pressive strengths in excess of what is required structurally. If high-strengthconcrete is needed for structural purposes, mixture proportions may need to beadjusted when using a chloride-corrosion-inhibiting
33、 admixture.BThe compressive and flexural strength of the concrete containing the admixtureunder test at any test age shall not be less than 90 % of that attained at anyprevious test age. The objective of this limit is to require that the compressive orflexural strength of the concrete containing the
34、 admixture under test shall notdecrease with age.CFor the alternative requirements (see Specification C494/C494M), the percent ofcontrol limit applies when length change of the control concrete is 0.030 % orgreater, and the increase over control limit applies when length change of thecontrol concret
35、e is less than 0.030 %.C1582/C1582M 11 (2017)125.2.1 At completion of testing (see 3.2.2), the mean inte-grated macrocell current of the test beams must be less than orequal to 50 C.5.2.2 At completion of testing, the mean corroded area ofthe top reinforcing steel in the test beams must be less than
36、 orequal to13 of the mean corroded area of the top steel in thecontrol beams.5.2.3 At the completion of testing, the mean chloride-ioncontent of the test beams must be greater than or equal to thecritical chloride-ion content.5.3 If Test Method G180 is used, the average polarizationresistance, Rp, o
37、f the test specimens with the corrosion inhibi-tor shall be at least 8 times greater than that of the controlspecimens.6. Packaging and Package Marking6.1 When the admixture is delivered in packages orcontainers, the proprietary name of the admixture and the netmass or volume shall be plainly marked
38、 thereon. Similarinformation shall be provided in the shipping informationaccompanying packaged or bulk shipments of admixtures.7. Storage7.1 Store the admixture so as to permit easy access forproper inspection and identification of each shipment, and in asuitable weather-tight building that will pr
39、otect the admixturefrom dampness and freezing.8. Sampling and Inspection8.1 Sampling and inspection shall be in accordance withSpecification C494/C494M.9. Rejection9.1 For initial compliance testing, the purchaser is allowedto reject the admixture if it fails to meet any of the applicablerequirement
40、s for this specification.9.2 For limited retesting, the purchaser is allowed to rejectthe admixture if it fails to meet any of the requirements of theUniformity and Equivalence Section of Specification C494/C494M and of the applicable parts of Table 1 of this standard.9.3 An admixture stored at the
41、point of manufacture, formore than 6 months prior to shipment, or an admixture in localstorage in the hands of a vendor for more than 6 months, aftercompletion of tests, shall be retested before use when requestedby the purchaser and is allowed to be rejected if it fails toconform to any of the appl
42、icable requirements of this specifi-cation.9.4 Packages or containers varying more than 5 % from thespecified mass or volume are allowed to be rejected. If theaverage mass or volume of 50 packages taken at random is lessthan that specified, the entire shipment is allowed to berejected.9.5 When the a
43、dmixture is to be used in non-air-entrainedconcrete, it shall be rejected when the purchaser desires if thetest concrete containing it has an air content greater than 3.5 %;when the admixture is to be used in air-entrained concrete, itshall be rejected when the purchaser desires if the test concrete
44、containing it has an air content greater than 7.0 %.TEST METHODSNOTE 1These tests are based on arbitrary stipulations which makepossible highly standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intendedto simulate actual job conditions.10. Test Specimens10.1 Two types of concrete are used to make t
45、est specimens.One, the control concrete, is made without the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture. The other concrete, the testconcrete, is made with the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting ad-mixture. Do not use cement that causes the air content of thecontrol concrete made without the subject admixtu
46、re to exceed3.0 %.10.2 Make specimens for measuring compressive strength,flexural strength, resistance to freezing and thawing, and lengthchange in accordance with Specification C494/C494M. Pre-pare three separate batches of each concrete mixture inaccordance with Specification C494/C494M, and repor
47、t themean test results from the three batches.10.3 When corrosion performance will be determined byTest Method G109, make specimens for corrosion testing andchloride-ion analysis from a separate batch of each concrete.For each concrete mixture, make at least three beams with steelreinforcement in ac
48、cordance with Test Method G109, andmake at least three beams of the same size without reinforce-ment (Note 2). The reinforcement shall be deformed barsdesignation No. 4 13 with a nominal diameter of12 in. 12.7mm and the cover depth shall be 1.0 6 0.1 in. 25 6 3 mm.Subject all beams to the same cycli
49、c ponding and dryingtreatment described in Test Method G109.NOTE 2The reinforced beams are used to determine the macrocellcorrosion current as a function of time, and the unreinforced beams areused to determine the chloride-ion content at specified times.11. Specimen Preparation11.1 Mixture ProportionsProportion all concrete mixturesto conform to the requirements described in 11.1.1 through11.1.5. Unless otherwise specified, include the chloride-corrosion-inhibiting admixture with the first increment ofmixing water that is added to the mixer.11.1.1 The wa
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