1、Designation: C1585 11C1585 13Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Rate of Absorption of Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1585; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is used to determine the rate of absorption (sorptivity) of water by hydraulic cement
3、concrete by measuringthe increase in the mass of a specimen resulting from absorption of water as a function of time when only one surface of thespecimen is exposed to water. The specimen is conditioned in an environment at a standard relative humidity to induce a consistentmoisture condition in the
4、 capillary pore system. The exposed surface of the specimen is immersed in water and water ingress ofunsaturated concrete is dominated by capillary suction during initial contact with water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included i
5、n this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2
6、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC192/C192M Practice for Making an
7、d Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC642 Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened ConcreteC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing ofHydraulic CementsC1202 Test Method for Electrical Indicatio
8、n of Concretes Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology C125.4. Significance and Use4.1 The performance of concrete subjected to many aggressive environments is a function, to a large extent, of the penetrability
9、of the pore system. In unsaturated concrete, the rate of ingress of water or other liquids is largely controlled by absorption due tocapillary rise. This test method is based on that developed by Hall3 who called the phenomenon “water sorptivity.”4.2 The water absorption of a concrete surface depend
10、s on many factors including: (a) concrete mixture proportions; (b) thepresence of chemical admixtures and supplementary cementitious materials; (c) the composition and physical characteristics of thecementitious component and of the aggregates; (d) the entrained air content; (e) the type and duratio
11、n of curing; (f) the degree ofhydration or age; (g) the presence of microcracks; (h) the presence of surface treatments such as sealers or form oil; and (i)placement method including consolidation and finishing. Water absorption is also strongly affected by the moisture condition ofthe concrete at t
12、he time of testing.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.66 onConcretes Resistance to Fluid Penetration.Current edition approved July 1, 2011Feb. 1, 2013. Published August 2011Februa
13、ry 2013. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042011 asC15850411.1. DOI: 10.1520/C1585-11.10.1520/C1585-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume info
14、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Hall, C., “Water Sorptivity of Mortars and Concretes: A Review,” Magazine of Concrete Research, Vol. 41, No. 147, June 1989, pp. 51-61.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM
15、 standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published b
16、y ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 This method is intended to determine the susceptibility of an unsatu
17、rated concrete to the penetration of water. In general,the rate of absorption of concrete at the surface differs from the rate of absorption of a sample taken from the interior. The exteriorsurface is often subjected to less than intended curing and is exposed to the most potentially adverse conditi
18、ons. This test methodis used to measure the water absorption rate of both the concrete surface and interior concrete. By drilling a core and cutting ittransversely at selected depths, the absorption can be evaluated at different distances from the exposed surface. The core is drilledvertically or ho
19、rizontally.4.4 This test method differs from Test Method C642 in which the specimens are oven dried, immersed completely in water at21C, and then boiled under water for 5 h. In this test method, only one surface is exposed to water at room temperature whilethe other surfaces are sealed simulating wa
20、ter absorption in a member that is in contact with water on one side only. Test MethodC642, on the other hand, is used to estimate the maximum amount of water that can be absorbed by a dry specimen and thereforeprovides a measure of the total, water permeable pore space.5. Apparatus5.1 Pan, a watert
21、ight polyethylene or other corrosion-resistant pan large enough to accommodate the test specimens with thesurfaces to be tested exposed to water.5.2 Support Device, rods, pins, or other devices, which are made of materials resistant to corrosion by water or alkalinesolutions, and which allow free ac
22、cess of water to the exposed surface of the specimen during testing.Alternatively, the specimenscan be supported on several layers of blotting paper or filter papers with a total thickness of at least 1 mm.5.3 Top-pan Balance, complying with Specification C1005 and with sufficient capacity for the t
23、est specimens and accurate toat least 6 0.01 g.5.4 Timing Device, stop watch or other suitable timing device accurate to 6 1 s.5.5 Paper Towel or Cloth, for wiping excess water from specimen surfaces.5.6 Water-Cooled Saw, with diamond impregnated blade to cut test specimens from larger samples.5.7 E
24、nvironmental Chamber, a chamber allowing for air circulation and able to maintain a temperature of 50 6 2C and arelative humidity at 80 6 3 %. Alternatively, an oven able to maintain a temperature of 50 6 2C and a dessicatordesiccator largeenough to contain the specimens to be tested is permitted. T
25、he relative humidity (RH) is controlled in the dessicatordesiccator at80 6 0.5 % by a saturated solution of potassium bromide. The solubility of potassium bromide is 80.2 g/100 g of water at 50C.The solution shall be maintained at the saturation point for the duration of the test. The presence of vi
26、sible crystals in the solutionprovides acceptable evidence of saturation.5.8 Polyethylene Storage Containers, with sealable lids, large enough to contain at least one test specimen but not larger than5 times the specimen volume.5.9 Caliper, to measure the specimen dimensions to the nearest 0.1 mm.6.
27、 Reagents and Materials6.1 Potassium Bromide, Reagent Grade, required if the oven and dessicatordesiccator system described in 5.7 is used.6.2 Sealing Material, strips of low permeability adhesive sheets, epoxy paint, vinyl electricians tape, duct tape, or aluminiumtape. The material shall not requi
28、re a curing time longer than 10 minutes.6.3 Plastic Bag or Sheeting, any plastic bag or sheeting that could be attached to the specimen to control evaporation from thesurface not exposed to water. An elastic band is required to keep the bag or sheeting in place during the measurements.7. Test Specim
29、ens7.1 The standard test specimen is a 10066 mm diameter disc, with a length of 5063 mm. Specimens are obtained from eithermolded cylinders according to Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M or drilled cores according to Test Method C42/C42M. Thecross sectional area of a specimen shall not vary more than
30、 1 % from the top to the bottom of the specimen. When cores are taken,they should be marked (see Note 1) so that the surface to be tested relative to the original location in the structure is clearlyindicated.NOTE 1The surface to be exposed during testing shall not be marked or otherwise disturbed i
31、n such a manner as may modify the absorption rate ofthe specimen.7.2 The average test results on at least 2 specimens (Note 2) shall constitute the test result. The test surfaces shall be at the samedistance from the original exposed surface of the concrete.NOTE 2Concrete is not a homogeneous materi
32、al. Also, an exterior surface of a concrete specimen seldom has the same porosity as the interiorconcrete. Therefore, replicate measurements are taken on specimens from the same depth to reduce the scatter of the data.C1585 1328. Sample Conditioning8.1 Before conditioning drilled core specimens obta
33、ined from the field, first saturate them in accordance with thevacuum-saturation procedure in Test Method C1202, but omit the step for coating specimen side surfaces.8.2 After saturating, measure the mass of each test specimen to the nearest 0.01 g.8.3 Place test specimens in the environmental chamb
34、er at a temperature of 50 6 2C and RH of 80 6 3 % for 3 days.Alternatively, place test specimens in a dessicatordesiccator inside an oven at a temperature of 50 6 2C for 3 days. If thedessicatordesiccator is used, control the relative humidity in the dessicatordesiccator with a saturated solution of
35、 potassiumbromide (see 5.7), but do not allow test specimens to contact the solution.NOTE 3To control If the RH using the is controlled using a saturated potassium bromide solution, the solution should be placed in the bottom of thedessicator, to ensure the largest surface of evaporation possible.de
36、siccator, rather than in a separate container, to maximize the exposed surface area ofthe solution.8.4 After the 3 days, place each specimen inside a sealable container (as defined in 5.8). Use a separate container for eachspecimen. Precautions must be taken to allow free flow of air around the spec
37、imen by ensuring minimal contact of the specimenwith the walls of the container.8.5 Store the container at 23 6 2C for at least 15 days before the start of the absorption procedure.NOTE 4Storage in the sealed container for at least 15 days results in equilibration of the moisture distribution within
38、 the test specimens and has beenfound4 to provide internal relative humidities of 50 to 70 %. This is similar to the relative humidities found near the surface in some field structures.5,69. Procedure9.1 Remove the specimen from the storage container and record the mass of the conditioned specimen t
39、o the nearest 0.01 g0.01 g before sealing of side surfaces.9.2 Measure at least four diameters of the specimen at the surface to be exposed to water. Measure the diameters to the nearest0.1 mm and calculate the average diameter to the nearest 0.1 mm.9.3 Seal the side surface of each specimen with a
40、suitable sealing material. Seal the end of the specimen that will not be exposedto water using a loosely attached plastic sheet (see 6.2). The plastic sheet can be secured using an elastic band or other equivalentsystem (see Fig. 1).9.4 Use the procedure below to determine water absorption as a func
41、tion of time. Conduct the absorption procedure at 23 62C with tap water conditioned to the same temperature.4 Bentz D. P., Ehlen M. A., Ferraris C. F., and Winpigler J. A., “Service Life Prediction Based on Sorptivity for Highway Concrete Exposed to Sulfate Attack andFreeze-Thaw Conditions,” FHWA-RD
42、-01-162, 2001.5 DeSouza S. J., Hooton R. D., and Bickley J. A., “Evaluation of Laboratory Drying Procedures Relevant to Field Conditions for Concrete Sorptivity Measurements,”Cement Concrete Aggr 19: (2), Dec 1997, pp. 59-63.6 DeSouza S. J., Hooton R. D., and Bickley J. A., “A Field Test for Evaluat
43、ing High Performance Concrete Covercrete Quality,” Can J Civil Eng, 25: (3), Jun 1998, pp.551-556.FIG. 1 Schematic of the ProcedureC1585 1339.5 Absorption Procedure:9.5.1 Measure the mass of the sealed specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record it as the initial mass for water absorptioncalculations.
44、9.5.2 Place the support device at the bottom of the pan and fill the pan with tap water so that the water level is 1 to 3 mm abovethe top of the support device. Maintain the water level 1 to 3 mm above the top of the support device for the duration of the tests.NOTE 5One method for keeping the water
45、 level constant is to install a water-filled bottle upside down such that the bottle opening is in contact withthe water at the desired level.9.5.3 Start the timing device and immediately place the test surface of the specimen on the support device (see Fig. 1). Recordthe time and date of initial co
46、ntact with water.9.5.4 Record the mass at the intervals shown in Table 1 after first contact with water. Using the procedure in 9.5.5, the first pointshall be at 60 6 2 s and the second point at 5 min 6 10 s. Subsequent measurements shall be within 6 2 min of 10 min, 20 min,30 min, and 60 min. The a
47、ctual time shall be recorded to within 6 10 s. Continue the measurements every hour, 6 5 min, up to6 h, from the first contact of the specimen with water and record the time within61 min.After the initial 6 h, take measurementsonce a day up to 3 days, followed by 3 measurements at least 24 h apart d
48、uring days 4 to 7; take a final measurement that is atleast 24 h after the measurement at 7 days. The actual time of measurements shall be recorded within 6 1 min. This will resultin seven data points for contact time during days 2 through 8. Table 1 gives the target times of measurements and the to
49、lerancesfor the times.9.5.5 For each mass determination, remove the test specimen from the pan, stop the timing device if the contact time is less than10 min, and blot off any surface water with a dampened paper towel or cloth. After blotting to remove excess water, invert thespecimen so that the wet surface does not come in contact with the balance pan (to avoid having to dry the balance pan). Within15 s of removal from the pan, measure the mass to the nearest 0.01 g. Immediately replace the specimen on the support deviceand restart the timing device.10. Calcul
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