1、Designation: C1589/C1589M 17bC1589/C1589M 18Standard Practice forOutdoor Weathering of Construction Seals and Sealants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1589/C1589M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes outdoor exposure procedures to be used as part of a test designed to determine t
3、he weatherabilityof building construction, seals and sealants.NOTE 1See Practice G24 for Exposures to Daylight Filtered Through Glass.1.2 This practice includes three procedures for outdoor weathering. Procedure A exposes specimens to outdoor weatheringwithout movement. Procedure B and Procedure C a
4、re, respectively, continuous natural and periodic manual techniques forsubjecting specimens to the combination of cyclic movement and exposure to outdoor weathering.1.3 This practice is limited to the method by which the construction seals or sealants are exposed to outdoor weathering as partof a te
5、st program. It refers to the types of evaluations to be performed following the outdoor exposure but does not describe thetest methods.1.4 Means of evaluation of the effects of weathering will depend on the intended use of the test material.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unit
6、s are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to addre
7、ss all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard
8、 was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenc
9、ed Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C717 Terminology of Building Seals and SealantsC719 Test Method for Adhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint Sealants Under Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)C1135 Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural SealantsC1735 Test Method for Measu
10、ring the Time Dependent Modulus of Sealants Using Stress RelaxationE631 Terminology of Building ConstructionsE772 Terminology of Solar Energy ConversionG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG24 Practice for Conducting Exposures to Daylight Filtered Throug
11、h GlassG84 Practice for Measurement of Time-of-Wetness on Surfaces Exposed to Wetting Conditions as in Atmospheric CorrosionTestingG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Nat
12、ural and Artificial Weathering TestsG169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering TestsG178 Practice for Determining theActivation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using theSharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Technique1 This practice is
13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.40 on Weathering.Current edition approved May 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2018. Published May 2017March 2018. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 asC158
14、9/C1589M-17a.-17b. DOI: 10.1520/C1589/C1589M-17B.10.1520/C1589/C1589M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the A
15、STM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consu
16、lt prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinit
17、ions are found in Terminologies C717, G113, E631, and E772.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests conducted in accordance with this practice are used to evaluate the weatherability of construction seals and sealantmaterials when they are exposed to outdoor weather conditions. The weatherability of seals a
18、nd sealants in actual outdoor use canbe very different depending on the location because of differences in solar radiation, moisture, temperature, pollutants, and otherfactors. Sealant color may also affect weatherability.4.2 This practice allows for three options: Option 1 Procedure A in which the
19、effect of movement during weathering is notconsidered; Option 2 Procedure B in which specimens are weathered in conjunction with movement based on thermal changes.The applied strain is proportional to a combination of the temperature at the time the equipment is set up and subsequent thermalchanges.
20、 This option closely mimics the actual movements that occur in many sealant installations, but is less repeatable than themovement in Procedure C; Option 3 Procedure C in which the strain during weathering is manually applied. This procedureallows for excellent control and repeatability, but is less
21、 representative of movement in actual use conditions than the movementin Procedure B. Options 2 and 3 have been added to this practice based on peer reviewed scientific literature demonstrating thatapplied strain separately and in combination with other weathering stresses causes changes in the weat
22、herability of sealants.4.3 The type, frequency and amount of movement of sealants varies with location and may affect weatherability. It cannot beassumed, therefore, that results from one exposure in a single location will be useful for determining weatherability in a differentlocation. Exposures in
23、 several locations with different climates (for example, solar radiation, moisture, temperature, pollutants,biological and other factors) that represent a broad range of anticipated service conditions are recommended.4.4 It is strongly recommended that control materials of similar composition and co
24、nstruction to the test specimens and withknown weatherability be exposed along with the test specimens for the purpose of comparing the performance of test materialsto the controls. (See 6.2).4.5 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but
25、they shall not be usedto predict the absolute long-term performance of a seal or sealant material. The results of tests conducted for less than 12 monthswill depend on the particular season of the year in which they begin.4.6 Because of year-to-year climatatological variations, results from a single
26、 exposure test cannot be used to predict the absoluterate at which a seal or sealant degrades. Several years of repeat exposures are needed to determine an average test result for a givenlocation.4.7 Climatic and construction factors can impose cyclic movement upon sealed joints in use. This movemen
27、t can impact theeffects of outdoor weathering and often causes types of failure that are not produced by weathering without movement. Thus, theability of building joint sealants to withstand temperature-induced movements of compression and expansion is an importantproperty.4.8 Outdoor weathering of
28、specimens in combination with natural or forced cyclic movement during exposure can provide amore realistic assessment of the ability of a seal or sealant to withstand the combined effects of climate and movement encounteredby seals and sealants in building construction applications.5. Test Sites an
29、d Exposure Racks5.1 The test site shall conform to the requirements of Practice G7, and preferably, samples should be tested at a suitable numberof climatologically different sites representing the variable conditions under which the construction seal or sealant will be used.Climatological variation
30、s within these areas may include those represented by desert, seashore (salt air), industrial locations,tropical, and subtropical regions, plus areas exhibiting a wide range of solar radiant energy. The area beneath and in the vicinityof the weathering racks shall be typical of the ground cover in t
31、hat climatological area. In desert areas in which sand is theprevailing ground cover, coarse gravel is required to prevent abrasion and significant dust accretion due to wind-blown sand (Note2). The ground cover shall be low-cut grass in most temperate, tropical, and subtropical areas.NOTE 2Sand as
32、a ground cover may be desirable where the abrasive effects of exposure to wind-blown sand is a part of the desired exposure.5.2 Weathering test racks shall be located in cleared areas. The racks and hardware shall conform to the requirements of PracticeG7 and shall provide for the attachment of spec
33、imens or holders of any appropriate width and length. The structural members ofthe test racks shall not constitute a backing to the specimens under test. Fasteners used to attach specimens to the test rack shallprovide for secure attachment but allow specimens to expand or contract with thermal chan
34、ges, moisture absorption or desorption,or plasticizer loss.5.3 Unless otherwise specified, position the racks at 45 relative to horizontal, facing the equator. The angle of the exposurerack, and the orientation relative to the equator can vary depending upon the in-service application of the materia
35、l. Consult PracticeG7 for information on other exposure rack orientations. If other rack orientations are used they must be reported.C1589/C1589M 1826. Test Specimens6.1 Follow the manufacturers instructions for mixing or preparing, or both, materials to be tested. The specimens shall be curedunder
36、standard conditions as defined in Terminology C717. As far as practical, test specimens shall simulate those used in serviceconditions of an end-use application. When conditions of use are known, the specimen exposed will consist of seal or sealantmaterial being evaluated plus suitable substrate or
37、installation materials to conform to the projected practice. The effect of substrateor installation materials is highly significant and contributes to the degradation due to reflectance, heat absorption, moistureretention, etc.6.2 It is recommended that a similar material of known performance under
38、use conditions (a control) be exposed simultaneouslywith the test specimen for evaluation of the performance of the test materials relative to that of the control. It is preferable to usetwo control materials, one with relatively poor weatherability and the other with good weatherability. It is stro
39、ngly recommendedthat control materials and test materials be of the same dimensions.6.3 The use of at least three replicate specimens of each experimental and control material being tested is recommended in orderto allow for variability. Consult Guide G169 for performing statistical analysis.6.4 The
40、 total number of specimens will be determined by the number of exposure periods, number of replicates exposed, andthe number of unexposed file specimens. When destructive tests are used to evaluate the effect of weathering, ensure that sufficientunexposed file specimens are retained to be tested eac
41、h time the exposed materials are tested. These unexposed file specimens shallbe retained at conditions of 23.0 6 2C. They shall be covered with inert opaque wrapping to exclude light during the storageperiod.6.5 Refer to Practice G147 for procedures on specimen identification, handling and condition
42、ing.7. Specimen Holders7.1 Specimen holders shall be used to support the specimens. In no case shall the specimen holder constitute a backing for thatportion of the material to be evaluated.7.2 The specimen holders shall be constructed of a material agreed upon by the mutual parties.8. Instruments f
43、or Measuring Climatological Data8.1 Instruments Used to Measure Ambient Temperature and Relative HumidityInstrument and procedures used formeasurement of ambient temperature and relative humidity shall be in accordance with Practice G7.8.2 Instruments Used to Measure Solar RadiationInstrument and ca
44、libration procedures used for measurement of total solarradiation, total solar ultraviolet radiation, or narrow band solar ultraviolet radiation shall be in accordance with Practice G7.9. General Procedure9.1 Mark the test specimens to be exposed with an identifying number, letter, or symbol so that
45、 they may be identified readilyafter exposure. The marking shall be such that there is no interference with either the exposure or the subsequent testing.(Preferably, mark both specimen and specimen holder on the side not exposed to weather, as extended exposure can obscure evendeeply scribed marks.
46、)9.2 Record the initial appearance and physical-property data appropriate to the evaluation method used.9.3 Mount the test specimens in the holder or directly to the exposure rack. It is convenient to group specimens to be removedfrom exposure at the same time in one holder.9.4 Record a diagram of t
47、he test specimen holder layout, and record the date of installation and length of exposure planned.9.5 Ensure that the pyranometer is mounted at a tilt and azimuth angle that is identical to that of the test specimens.9.6 Mount the specimens on racks for the prescribed time, solar radiant energy, or
48、 total UV radiant energy or narrow band UVradiant energy.9.7 Establish a fixed procedure of cleaning, visual examination, conditioning, and testing of the specimens. This procedure willvary with materials, but it must be uniform in a series of tests on one material to provide comparative results.9.8
49、 The face of the specimen shall not be masked for the purpose of showing the effects of various exposure times on one panel.Misleading results can be obtained by this method since the masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature andhumidity that will affect the results in many cases.9.9 Unexposed file specimens shall be used for visual comparison to exposed specimens and for destructive tests compared withthose of exposed specimens at various exposure stages.9.10 Exposures and evaluations shall be planned to permit reporting one of the following for t
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