1、Designation: C 1600/C 1600M 08Standard Specification forRapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1600/C 1600M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic ce-ments. This is a specification giving performance requirements.There are no
3、restrictions on the composition of the cement orits constituents.1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based onspecific requirements for very early compressive strengthdevelopment.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsshall be regarded separately as standard. The val
4、ues stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemshall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in nonconformance with thestandard.1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These n
5、otes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) are not requirements ofthe standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pra
6、ctices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Streng
7、th ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementC 151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing ofHydraulic CementC 186 Test Method for Heat of Hydration of H
8、ydraulicCementC 191 Test Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic CementC 227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity ofCement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method)C 441 Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans orGround Blast-Fu
9、rnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Ex-pansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica ReactionC 596 Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Con-taining Hydraulic CementC 1012 Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionC 1038 Test Method for Expansion of Hy
10、draulic CementMortar Bars Stored in WaterC 1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, seeTerminology C 219.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement, na hyd
11、raulic orblended hydraulic cement which exhibits rapid strength gainduring the first 24 h of hydration, with or without otherconstituents, processing additions, and functional additions.4. Nomenclature, Classifications and Use4.1 Cements conforming to this specification shall be des-ignated “Rapid H
12、ardening Hydraulic Cement” with the highearly strength gain characteristic indicated by type in accor-dance with the types described in section 4.2. When the type isnot specified, the requirement of Type GRH shall apply.4.2 The specification is for four types of rapid hardeningcement as follows:4.2.
13、1 Type URHUltra Rapid Hardening For use whereultra high early strength is desired (See Table 1).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cementand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.13 on Special Cements.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published Octo
14、ber 2008. Originallyapproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 1600/C 1600M 07.2See the section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTMStandards, Vol 04.01.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
15、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un
16、ited States.4.2.2 Type VRHVery Rapid Hardening For use where veryhigh early strength is desired (See Table 1).4.2.3 Type MRHMedium Rapid Hardening for use wheremid-range rapid hardening high early strength is desired (SeeTable 1).4.2.4 Type GRHGeneral Rapid Hardening for use whenthe higher strength
17、properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRHcement is not required (See Table 1).5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for cement meeting the requirements of thisspecification shall include the following:5.1.1 This specification designation and date.5.1.2 The quantity of cement desired.5.1.3 The type of cemen
18、t desired.5.1.4 A request for the manufacturers certification, if de-sired.6. 6. Chemical Composition6.1 The chemical composition for the cement is not speci-fied. However, the purchaser shall have the option to requestthe cement composition from the producer. If analyzed, theprocedure used shall be
19、 Test Methods C114.7. Physical Properties7.1 Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of theapplicable standard physical requirements in Table 1.7.2 The water/cement ratio used to determine strengthrequirement compliance shall be reported in the manufacturerscertification.7.3 The density fo
20、r the cement is not specified. However,the density shall be determined by the manufacturer andreported in the manufacturers certification.8. Sampling8.1 When the purchaser desires that the cement be sampledand tested to verify compliance with this specification, thefinished cement shall be sampled i
21、n accordance with PracticeC 183 at the mill or at the job site in accordance with thepurchasers requirements (See Note 1).NOTE 1Practice C 183 is not designed for manufacturing qualitycontrol and is not required for manufacturers certification.9. Test Methods9.1 When testing cement for compliance wi
22、th this specifi-cation, use the following methods, with modifications orexceptions as indicated:9.1.1 Autoclave ExpansionDetermine autoclave expan-sion by Test Method C 151 as specified in Table 1.9.1.2 Time of SettingDetermine the time of setting usingTest Method C 191 as specified in Table 1. Imme
23、diately aftermolding the test specimen in the conical ring, determine thepenetration of the needle at this time and every 3 min. until theneedle no longer penetrates to the bottom of the specimen, thenevery 1 min. until final set is determined.9.1.3 Compressive StrengthDetermine compressivestrength
24、using Test Method C 109/C 109M as modified herein.Tests shall be run at each age specified in Table 1. The mixingwater requirement in Test Method C 109/C 109M shall beadjusted to produce a flow of 110 6 5 as determined using TestMethod C 1437.9.1.4 Drying Shrinkage of MortarDetermine dryingshrinkage
25、 of mortar as specified in Table 1 using Test MethodC 596.9.1.5 Heat of HydrationDetermine heat of hydration us-ing Test Method C 186 (See Table 2).9.1.6 Sulfate ResistanceDetermine sulfate resistance us-ing Test Method C 1012 (See Table 2).9.1.7 Alkali Silica ReactivityDetermine reactivity of ce-me
26、nt with alkali-reactive aggregate (Option R) using TestMethod C 227 using crushed borosilicate glass, as described inTest Method C 441, as aggregate (See Table 2).9.1.8 Expansion in WaterDetermine expansion of hydrau-lic cement mortar bars stored in water by Test Method C 1038(See Table 2).TABLE 1 S
27、tandard Physical Requirements(must be reported on manufacturers certification)Cement TypeURH VRH MRH GRHCompressive Strength (See Section 9for procedures), min, MPa psi112 h 21 3000 12 1700 . . . . . .3 h 28 4100 15 2200 10 1500 7 10006 h . . . . . . 14 2000 10 15001 day 35 5100 24 3500 17 2500 14 2
28、0007 days 41 6000 28 4100 28 4100 24 350028 days 57 8300 35 5100 31 4500 28 4100Drying Shrinkage, max %7 days 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.1028 days, air storage 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.12Min Time of Final Set C 191 apparatusMinutesA10 10 10 10Autoclave, max expansion % 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8AThe initial setting time typical
29、ly ranges from 10 to 45 min for rapid hardening cements of various types and composition.C 1600/C 1600M 08210. Testing Time10.1 The age of the specimens is to be determined from thetime when the cement contacts the mixing water.10.2 Specimens to be tested at 112 , 3, and 6 h shall beremoved from the
30、 molds a maximum of 10 min. prior to timeof test. After the specimens are removed from the molds, keepthem covered with a damp towel until time to be tested. Thecubes must be tested within 10 min. of the time specified.10.3 All other specimens shall be removed from the moldsat 22 h, 6 2 h. If the sp
31、ecimens are removed from the moldsbefore 24 h, keep them on the shelves of the moist closet ormoist room until they are 24 h old, and then immerse thespecimens except for the 24-h test, in saturated limewater forstorage.10.4 The 24-h, 7-d, and 28-d test specimens shall be brokenwithin the permissibl
32、e time tolerances prescribed in TestMethod C 109/C 109M.10.5 Record and calculate the compressive strength inaccordance with the Calculation Section of Test MethodC 109/C 109M.10.6 Apply the sampling and testing requirements of Prac-tice C 183.10.7 For testing of samples taken subsequent to shipment
33、,the purchaser shall make necessary arrangements for shipmentof samples to the testing laboratory. Add the time required fortransport to the laboratory to the minimum time intervalsallowed from receipt of the samples by the testing laboratory.10.8 The minimum time allowed from receipt of samples byt
34、he testing laboratory to the report of test results shall bedetermined by the required age of specimen at the time oftesting plus seven days.10.9 A written report of results of applicable tests shall beavailable within not more than three days after the intervalspecified in 10.8.10.10 These time lim
35、its do not apply to retesting or addi-tional testing (See Note 2).NOTE 2Aging effects on small samples or quantities of cement storedfor long periods of time can produce test results that are not representativeof the fresh cement nor of cement stored in large quantity for equal periodsof time.11. Te
36、sting by the Manufacturer11.1 Secure representative samples of cement during pro-duction or transfer and test them for compliance with thisspecification. Location and frequency of sampling are at thediscretion of the manufacturer. Sampling and testing shall beeither part of, or in addition to, the m
37、anufacturers normalquality control.12. Inspection12.1 Inspection of the material shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchasecontract.12.2 All packages shall be in good condition at the time ofinspection.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase orde
38、r or contract,furnish the manufacturers certification at the time of shipmentstating the results of tests made on cement sampled duringproduction or transfer and certifying that the applicable re-quirements of this specification have been met.14. Package Marking14.1 When the cement is delivered in p
39、ackages, the words“Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement,” the type of cement, thespecification designation, the name and brand of manufacturerand the mass of cement contained therein shall be plainlymarked on each package. Similar information shall be providedin the manufacturers certification accompany
40、ing the shipmentof packaged or bulk cement.15. Storage15.1 The cement shall be stored in such a manner as topermit reasonable access for proper inspection and identifica-tion of each shipment and in a suitable weather-tight building,container, or package that will protect the cement fromdampness and
41、 minimize warehouse set.16. Keywords16.1 blended hydraulic cement; high early strength; hydrau-lic cement; rapid hardening hydraulic cementsTABLE 2 Optional RequirementsSulfate expansionA(C 1012)6 months, max % 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.051 year, max % 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10ASR ExpansionB(C 441)14 days, max % 0
42、.020 0.020 0.020 0.02056 days, max % 0.060 0.060 0.060 0.060Heat of Hydration (C 186)7 days, max, kJ/kg (kcal/kg) 250 60 250 60 250 60 250 6028 days, max, kJ/kg (kcal/kg) 290 70 290 70 290 70 290 70Expansion in Water (C 1038)14 days, max % 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10AIn the testing of these cements, testing
43、 at one year shall not be required when the cement meets the 6-month limit. Cement failing the 6-month limit shall not be rejectedunless it also fails the one-year limit.BThe test for mortar expansion is an optional requirement to be applied only at the purchasers request and is not required unless
44、the cement will be used withalkali-reactive aggregate.C 1600/C 1600M 083SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 1600/C 1600M 07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved September 1, 2008)(1) Revised
45、 Table 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such ri
46、ghts, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additiona
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48、M Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 1600/C 1600M 084
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