1、Designation:C1602/C1602M06 Designation: C1602/C1602M 12Standard Specification forMixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic CementConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1602/C1602M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the compositional and performance requirements for
3、water used as mixing water in hydrauliccement concrete. It defines sources of water and provides requirements and testing frequencies for qualifying individual orcombined water sources. In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ from these in this specification, the purchasersspecifi
4、cation shall govern.1.2 This specification does not purport to cover methods of storage, transportation, or blending of water, or to address thedevelopment and maintenance of quality control programs sponsored or managed by the manufacturer.1.3 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets
5、, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this sp
6、ecification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
7、 use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the F
8、ieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed ConcreteC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C114 Test M
9、ethods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic CementC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the LaboratoryC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC403/C403M
10、Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC1603 Test Method for Measurement of Solids in Water2.2 ACI Documents:3ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary3. Terminology3.1
11、 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C1253.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 combined watercombined water, na mixture of two or more sources of water blended together, before or duringintroduction into the mixture, for use as mi
12、xing water in the production of concrete.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2006.1, 2012. Published March 2006.2012. O
13、riginally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20052006 asC1602/C1602M05.C1602/C1602M06. DOI: 10.1520/C1602_C1602M-0612.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume in
14、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes h
15、ave been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official d
16、ocument.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 hydration stabilizing admixturesextended set retarding admixtures that control the hydration of cement in
17、applicationsof managing returned concrete and water from concrete production hydration stabilizing admixtures, nset retarding admixtures,conforming to Specification C494/C494M Type B or D, that can predictably reduce the hydration rate of cement for applicationsrequiring the management of time of se
18、tting of returned concrete, reducing the hydration rate of cement fines in water fromconcrete production, or for applications requiring extended delivery time of ready mixed concrete.3.2.3 non-potablenon-potable, adjwater sources that are not fit for human consumption, or if it contains quantities o
19、fsubstances that discolor it or make it smell or have objectionable taste but does not contain water from concrete productionoperations.3.2.4 potable waterpotable water, nwater suitable for human consumption3.2.5 water from concrete production operations, nwater recovered from processes of hydraulic
20、 cement concrete productionthat includes wash water from mixers or that was a part of a concrete mixture; water collected in a basin as a result of storm waterrunoff at a concrete production facility; or water that contains quantities of concrete ingredients.4. Requirements for Use4.1 Mixing water s
21、hall consist of:4.1.1 Batch water (water weighed or metered through the batch plant),4.1.2 Ice,4.1.3 Water added by truck operator,4.1.4 Free moisture on the aggregates, and4.1.5 Water introduced in the form of admixtures when this water increases the water-cementitious materials ratio by more than0
22、.01.4.2 Potable water is permitted to be used as mixing water in concrete without testing for conformance with the requirementsof this specification.4.3 Mixing water that is wholly or partially composed of sources of water that are non-potable or from concrete productionoperations are permitted to b
23、e used in any proportions to the limits qualified to meet the requirements of Table 1. At the optionof the purchaser and when appropriate for the construction, any of the optional limits found within Table 2 shall be specified atthe time of concrete ordering according to the section on Ordering Info
24、rmation of Specification C94/C94M.4.3.1 Non-potable sources of water shall be qualified for use in accordance with 5.1. When required by the purchaser,requirements of 5.4 shall also apply. When the non-potable water source is blended with a potable source, the qualification of themixing water shall
25、be at the highest percentage of the non-potable source in the combined mixing water anticipated duringproduction.4.3.2 Combined water blended from two or more sources, where one of the sources includes that from concrete production, shallbe qualified for use in accordance with 5.2. When required by
26、the purchaser, requirements of 5.4 shall also apply. The combinedwater shall be qualified at the highest solids content in the total mixing water anticipated during production. Mixing watercontaining total solids equal to or less than the level qualified by testing shall be permitted.5. Testing and
27、Requirements5.1 For sources of non-potable mixing water (as defined in 3.2.3) proposed for use as total mixing water or in the combinedmixing water (as defined in 3.2.1), the following shall apply to the total combined mixing water:TABLE 1 ConcretePerformance Requirements for Mixing WaterLimitsTestM
28、ethodsLimitsCompressive strength, min % control at7 daysA,B90C31/C31M,C39/C39MCompressive strength, min % control at7 daysA90Time of set, deviation from control, h:minAFrom 1:00 earlyto 1:30laterC403/C403MTime of setting, deviation from control,h: minAFrom 1:00earlier to 1:30laterAComparisons shall
29、be based on fixed proportions for a concrete or mixdesignorepresentatr mive of qxturestionabl. The water supply and a controlmixture shall be made wingth 100 % potable or distilled water or di. The testmixture shall be made with the mixing water that is being evaluated. (See AnnexA1).BCompressive st
30、rength results shall be based on at least two standard testspecimens made from a composite sample.C1602/C1602M 1225.1.1 Water shall be tested for compliance with Table 1 before first use and thereafter every three months or more often whenthere is reason to believe that a change has occurred in the
31、characteristics of the source. Testing is permitted to be at a lowerfrequency, but not less than annually when results from four consecutive tests indicate compliance with Table 1. Testing shall bein accordance with 5.3.5.1.2The manufacturer shall maintain documented evidence that the characteristic
32、s of the combined mixing water are incompliance with Table 2. These tests shall be conducted before first use and thereafter every 6 months or more often when thereis reason to believe that a change has occurred in the characteristics of the source. These records shall be provided to the purchaseron
33、 request.5.2 For sources of water from concrete production operations (as defined in 3.2.5) proposed for use as the total mixing wateror in the combined mixing water (as defined in 3.2.1), the following shall apply to the total combined mixing water:5.2.1 The density of the source of water from read
34、y mixed concreteconcrete production operations shall be tested at least ona daily basis in accordance with Test Method C1603 or monitored with a hydrometer that has been verified in accordance with TestMethod C1603. Manufacturers that use automated devices shall maintain at the production facility d
35、ocumentation on theprocedures and calibration of systems, as needed (See Note 1).NOTE 1Blending proportions of water sources can be determined in accordance withAppendixA1 of Test Method C1603 for achieving a target solidscontent.5.2.2 Combined water shall be tested for compliance with the requireme
36、nts of Table 1, in accordance with 5.3, at the highestsolids content anticipated to be used during production in accordance with the following testing frequencies:5.2.2.1 When the density of the combined water is less than 1.01 g/mL, the water shall be tested before first use and thereafteronce ever
37、y six months. Testing frequency is permitted to be reduced to once every 12 months when the results of two consecutivetests indicate compliance with the requirements of Table 1 (See Note 2).NOTE 2This condition is intended to cover the use of clarified wash water that has been passed through a settl
38、ing pond system.5.2.2.2 When the density of the combined water is between 1.01 and 1.03, the water shall be tested before first use and thereaftermonthly. Testing frequency is permitted to be reduced to once every three months when the results of 4 consecutive tests indicatecompliance with the requi
39、rements of Table 1 (See Note 3).NOTE 3Water density of 1.03 approximately represents a total solids content of 50,000 ppm.5.2.2.3 When the density of the combined water exceeds 1.03, the water shall be tested weekly or more often when there isreason to believe that there is a change in the water cha
40、racteristics for compliance with the requirements of Table 1. Testingfrequency is permitted to be reduced to once every month when the results of two months of consecutive tests indicate compliancewith the requirements of Table 1.5.2.2.4 Testing for water with density exceeding 1.05 shall be the sam
41、e as that of 5.2.2.3 whether the water includes or doesnot include a sethydration stabilizing admixture (See Note 4).NOTE 4Water density exceeding approximately 1.05, where the solids are essentially composed of cementitious materials, may require the use ofhydration stabilizing admixtures to mainta
42、in compliance with the requirements of Table 1. The producer should have a documented process in place toverify the effectiveness of the admixtures and dosages employed.TABLE 2 Optional Chemical Limits for Combined Mixing WaterALimits Test MethodMaximum concentration in combined mixing water, ppmBA.
43、 Chloride as Cl-, ppm1 in prestressed concrete, bridge decks, or otherwise designated 500CC1141 in prestressed concrete, bridge decks, or otherwise designated 500CC114D2 other reinforced concrete in moist environments or containing aluminumembedments or dissimilar metals or with stay-in-place galvan
44、ized metalforms1000CC1142 other reinforced concrete in moist environments or containing aluminumembedments or dissimilar metals or with stay-in-place galvanized metalforms1000CC114DB. Sulfate as SO4, ppm 3000 C114B. Sulfate as SO4, ppm 3000 C114DC. Alkalies as (Na2O+0.658K2O), ppm 600 C114C. Alkalie
45、s as (Na2O+0.658K2O), ppm 600 C114DD. Total solids by mass, ppm 50 000 C1603ASpecification limits from this table are not prohibited from being specified as individual items or as a whole per p in accordance with the section on Ordering Informaph4.1.6tion of Specification C94/C94M.Bppm is the abbrev
46、iation for parts per millionCThe requirements for concrete in ACI 318 shall govern when the manufacturer can demonstrate that these limits for mixing water can be exceeded. For conditionsallowing the use of calcium chloride (CaCl2) accelerator as an admixture, the chloride limitation is permitted to
47、 be waived by the purchaser.DTest Methods C114 includes reference and alternative test methods to measure the concentration of chlorides, sulfates, and alkalis in solutions prepared from dissolvingcementitious materials. Use the applicable test methods in Test Methods C114 to measure these consituen
48、ts. The laboratory performing these tests is not required toconform to the method qualification requirements of Test Methods C114.Alternative instrumental and wet chemistry methods not listed in Test Methods C114 that measurethe concentration of these chemical species in solution are permitted. When
49、 alternative methods are used, the test method used shall be included in the report.C1602/C1602M 1235.2.3The manufacturer shall maintain documentation on the characteristics of the water in compliance with the requirements ofTable 2, other than the total solids requirement. These requirements shall apply to the combined water at the highest solids contentanticipated for use. These tests shall be conducted before first use and thereafter once every 6 months. These records shall beprovided to the purchaser on request (See Note 5).5.3Concrete testing to verify complianc
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