1、Designation: C1611/C1611M 14Standard Test Method forSlump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1611/C1611M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of slump flowof self-consolidating concrete (SCC).1.2 The values stated in either SI u
3、nits or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 The text of this st
4、andard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
5、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exp
6、osure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetr
7、ic MethodC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction Materials3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 halo, nan observed cement paste or morta
8、r ring thathas clearly separated from the coarse aggregate, around theoutside circumference of concrete after flowing from the mold.3.2.2 spread, nthe distance of lateral flow of concreteduring the slump-flow test.3.2.3 stability, nthe ability of a concrete mixture to resistsegregation of the paste
9、from the aggregates.3.2.4 viscosity, nresistance of a material to flow under anapplied shearing stress.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of freshly mixed concrete is placed in a moldeither in the upright or inverted position. The concrete is placedin one lift without tamping or vibration. The mo
10、ld is raised, andthe concrete is allowed to spread. After spreading ceases, twodiameters of the concrete mass are measured in approximatelyorthogonal directions. Slump flow is the average of the twodiameters.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine theslump flow
11、of self-consolidating concrete in the laboratory orthe field.5.2 This test method is used to monitor the consistency offresh, unhardened self-consolidating concrete and its uncon-fined flow potential.5.3 It is difficult to produce self-consolidating concrete thatis both flowable and nonsegregating u
12、sing coarse aggregateslarger than 25 mm 1 in. Therefore, this test method isconsidered applicable to self-consolidating concrete havingcoarse aggregate up to 25 mm 1 in. in size. Appendix X1provides non-mandatory visual rating criteria that may be usedto classify the ability of a self-consolidating
13、concrete mixtureto resist segregation (stability).5.4 The rate at which the concrete spreads is related to itsviscosity. Appendix X1 provides a non-mandatory procedurethat may be used to provide an indication of relative viscosityof self-consolidating concrete mixtures.1This test method is under the
14、 jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.47 on Self-Consolidating Concrete.Current edition approved April 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C1611/C1611M
15、09b1. DOI: 10.1520/C1611_C1611M-14.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda
16、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Apparatus6.1 MoldThe mold used
17、 in this test method shall conformto that described in Test Method C143/C143M.6.2 Base PlateA nonabsorbent, smooth, rigid plate havinga minimum diameter of 915 mm 36 in. (See Note 1).NOTE 1Field experience and results from the round robin testprogram have shown that base plates made from sealed/lami
18、natedplywood, acrylic plastic, or steel are suitable for performing this test.6.3 Strike-off BarAs described in Test Method C173/C173M.6.4 Measuring DeviceA ruler, metal roll-up measuringtape, or similar rigid or semi-rigid measuring instrumentmarked in increments of 5 mm 14 in. or less.6.5 Sample R
19、eceptacleA pan or wheelbarrow that iswater-tight, has a nonabsorbent surface, and is large enough toallow both remixing of the entire sample and retain a volumeof concrete sufficient to fill the mold.6.6 Pouring Vessel for SCCAwater-tight container havinga volume such that concrete is not spilled du
20、ring placement inthe mold.NOTE 2A pouring vessel with a pouring lip is useful in reducing theprobability of concrete spilling while filling the mold.6.7 Other ToolsItems such as shovels and scoops capableof remixing the concrete in the sample receptacle, filling thepouring vessel, or both.7. Sample7
21、.1 Obtain a sample of freshly-mixed self-consolidatingconcrete in accordance with Practice C172 and place it in the34 sample receptacle.8. Procedure8.1 Perform this test on a flat, level, nonabsorbent worksurface such as a concrete floor or base plate. Use a base platein conditions where a flat, lev
22、el surface is not available, such ason a construction site. When the base plate is used, position andshim the base plate so that it is fully supported. Dampen thework surface, removing any standing water. Do not subject thework surface or mold to vibration or disturbance.8.1.1 When performing the sl
23、ump flow test for a given studyor project, do not change the base plate surface type for theduration of the study or project.8.2 Remixing of SampleRemix the sample, obtained inaccordance with 7.1, in the sample receptacle using a shovel orscoop so that the concrete is homogeneous.8.3 Filling the Mol
24、dFill the mold by following eitherProcedure A or Procedure B (See Note 3).8.3.1 Filling Procedure A (Upright Mold)Dampen theinterior of the mold and place it on the work surface, orcentered on the base plate, with the larger opening facingdown. Hold the mold firmly in place during filling by standin
25、gon the two foot pieces.8.3.2 Filling Procedure B (Inverted Mold)Dampen theinterior of the mold and place it on the work surface, orcentered on the base plate, with the smaller opening facingdown (See Note 4).NOTE 3During the development of this test method, it was found thatsome of the users prefer
26、red to perform the test with the large opening ofthe mold facing down as is performed in Test Method C143/C143M. Theprovision of a collar to the top of the mold is useful to reduce theprobability of concrete spilling over the mold and on to the base plate.Other users preferred to place the mold with
27、 the smaller opening facedown, which facilitates the ease of filling. Both filling procedures havebeen found to be suitable when performing this test. The precisionstatement in Section 10 reflects the use of both procedures. Test data usingthe two filling procedures can be obtained in the round robi
28、n test reportavailable from ASTM headquarters.NOTE 4As a precaution, when filling the mold in the inverted position,the mold may be supported to prevent accidental movement or tipping.Experienced users of this test method have found that it is not necessaryto support the mold.8.3.3 Fill Pouring Vess
29、elImmediately fill the pouringvessel with a portion of SCC from the sample receptacle, eitherby passing the pouring vessel through the concrete or byscooping concrete into the vessel.8.3.4 Filling ProcedureImmediately fill the mold withSCC by tilting the pouring vessel. Position the lowest point ont
30、he rim of the pouring vessel no more than 125 mm 5 in.above the top of the mold. Ensure an even distribution ofconcrete, without rodding the concrete or tapping the sides ofthe mold, while filling the mold.8.3.5 If necessary, repeat the procedures in 8.3.3 and 8.3.4until the mold is filled slightly
31、above its rim.8.4 Strike off the surface of the concrete level with the topof the mold by a sawing motion of the strike-off bar. Removeconcrete from the area surrounding the base of the mold topreclude interference with the movement of the flowingconcrete. Remove the mold from the concrete by raisin
32、g itvertically. Raise the mold a distance of 225 6 75 mm 9 6 3in. in 3 6 1 s by a steady upward lift with no lateral ortorsional motion. Complete the entire test from the start offilling through removal of the mold without interruption withinan elapsed time of 212 min.8.5 Wait for the concrete to st
33、op flowing and then measurethe largest diameter (d1) of the resulting circular spread ofconcrete. When a halo is observed in the resulting circularspread of concrete, it shall be included as part of the diameterof the concrete. Measure a second diameter (d2) of the circularspread at an angle approxi
34、mately perpendicular to the firstmeasured diameter (d1). Measure the diameters to the nearest 5mm 14 in. Determine the Slump flow in accordance withSection 9.8.6 If the measurement of the two diameters differs by morethan 50 mm 2 in., the test is invalid and shall be repeated.9. Calculation9.1 Calcu
35、late the slump flow using Eq 1:Slump flow 5 d11d2!/2 (1)where:d1= the largest diameter of the circular spread of theconcrete, andd2= the circular spread of the concrete at an angle approxi-mately perpendicular to d1.C1611/C1611M 1429.2 Record the average of the two diameters to the nearest10 mm 12 i
36、n.10. Report10.1 Report the filling procedure (A or B) used.10.2 Report the slump flow to the nearest 10 mm 12 in.11. Precision and Bias411.1 The precision of this test method was determined basedon the results obtained from a round robin test programconducted by members of the ASTM C09.47 subcommit
37、tee onJanuary 9, 2003. The round robin test program consisted ofusing single and multiple operators performing 3 replicas of thetest using the mold in both the upright and inverted positions.The tests were performed using self-consolidating concretewith high and low levels of slump flow and on stabl
38、e andunstable mixes. Complete details of the round robin testprogram are available from ASTM headquarters in a reportentitled “Report on Development of a Precision Statement forthe Slump Flow Test Method for Self-Consolidating Concrete.”11.2 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator preci-sion st
39、atement reflects the use of both procedures A and B. Thesingle-operator standard deviation for slump flow has beenfound to be 27 mm 1.1 in. (See Note 5) for mixtures havingslump flow values between approximately 480 and 680 mm 19and 27 in. Therefore, results of two properly conducted testsby the sam
40、e operator on the same batch of concrete should notdiffer by more than 75 mm 3.0 in. (See Note 5).11.3 Multi-Operator PrecisionThe multi-operator preci-sion statement reflects the use of both procedures A and B. Themulti-operator standard deviation for slump flow has beenfound to be 27 mm 1.1 in. (S
41、ee Note 5) for mixtures withslump flow values between approximately 530 and 740 mm 21and 29 in. Therefore, the results of properly conducted testsby two operators on the same batch of concrete should notdiffer by more than 75 mm 3.0 in. (See Note 5).NOTE 5These numbers represent, respectively, the (
42、1s) and (d2s)limits as described in Practice C670.11.4 BiasThe procedure used in this test method has nobias since slump flow is defined only in terms of this testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 halo; self-consolidating concrete; slump flow; spread;stability; viscosity; visual stability indexAPPENDIX(Nonman
43、datory Information)X1. RELATIVE MEASURE OF FLOW RATE, VISCOSITY, AND STABILITYX1.1 The flow rate of a self-consolidating concrete mixtureis influenced by its viscosity. Hence, for the purpose ofdeveloping a self-consolidating concrete mixture in thelaboratory, a relative measure of viscosity is usef
44、ul. Whenperforming the slump flow test, the time it takes for the outeredge of the concrete mass, to reach a diameter of 500 mm 20in. from the time the mold is first raised, provides a relativemeasure of the unconfined flow rate of the concrete mixture.For similar materials, this time period, termed
45、 T50, gives anindication of the relative viscosity of the self-consolidatingconcrete mixture.NOTE X1.1The T50value can provide information on the flowproperties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture, whereby longervalues normally correspond to increased viscosity. Special high-rangewater-reduci
46、ng admixtures are typically used to modify the flow proper-ties of the self-consolidating concrete mixture. In addition, viscosity-modifying admixtures and other changes in mixture proportions andmaterials can also influence flow properties and resistance to segregation.X1.2 The stability of self-co
47、nsolidating concrete can beobserved visually by examining the concrete mass and there-fore can be used for quality control of self-consolidatingconcrete mixtures. Table X1.1 contains Visual Stability Index(VSI) values with corresponding criteria to qualitatively assessthe stability of self-consolida
48、ting concrete. However, thesevalues do not quantify a concrete property.X1.3 Apparatus:X1.3.1 Inscribed Base Platea base plate as described in6.2, with a circular mark centrally located for the placement ofmold, and a further concentric circle at 500 mm 20 in.NOTE X1.2The centrally located circular
49、mark made at the 500 mm20 in. location on the base plate will assist the user in determining theT50value.X1.3.2 Stop Watchleast reading of not more than 0.01 s.X1.4 Procedure:X1.4.1 To determine T50, use a stopwatch to measure thetime in seconds it takes any part of the outer edge of thespreading concrete to reach the inscribed mark on the baseplate from the time the mold is first lifted.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report
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