1、Designation: C1618 05 (Reapproved 2013)C1618 13Standard Test Method forConcrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe by Negative (Vacuum) orPositive Air Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precast concrete pipe sections, pri
3、or to delivery, where maximum fieldleakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be used at the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are not intendedfor testing installed pipe (for field tests see Practices C924, C969, and C1214). The user of this specific
4、ation is advised thatindividual or multiple pipe sections may be tested for the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally the joints in straightalignment when multiple pipe sections are tested.1.3 The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculating the test times, were chosen based
5、 on two generally acceptedfield air and vacuum test criteria. Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore are proportional only to the pipe diameterand are constant for any length of test pipe or pipeline.1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in this standard are based on success
6、ful testing of installed pipelines. However,since air and water have different physical properties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air tests have been successfulwhen tested with water. The leakage rates of 0.0017 CFM/ft2 and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determined empirically as the maximumsfor
7、 pipe to meet the 50 and 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates, respectively.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1The availability of this test procedure for concrete p
8、ipe varies from location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability andrecommendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish the appropriate safety and
9、health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to its use. See Section 6 for specific safety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related ProductsC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines b
10、y Low-Pressure Air Test MethodC969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesC1214 Test Method for Concrete Pipe Sewerlines by Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to
11、precast concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The pipe to be tested shall be sealed at the outer ends with suitable airtight bulkheads. The manufacturer shall choose touse either low-pressure air or negative pressure air (vacuum) test methods to evaluate the condition of t
12、he pipe before delivery.The change in the internal pressure during a specified time is used to determine the acceptability of the pipe.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Curren
13、t edition approved Feb. 1, 2013July 1, 2013. Published February 2013December 2013. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20052013as C1618 05.C1618 05(2013). DOI: 10.1520/C1618-05R13.10.1520/C1618-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or cont
14、actASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been
15、made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.C
16、opyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 This is a quality control test performed at the manufacturing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meets theleakage limits stated in the specifi
17、cations.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The user of this specification is advised of the following:6.1.1 This test may be dangerous if a pipe is not prepared properly and proper procedures are not followed.6.1.2 No one should be allowed near the ends of the pipe or test bulkheads during the test.7. Apparat
18、us7.1 For positive air pressure test, one bulkhead shall include a remote controlled valve that will release the internal test pressure.7.2 For the low-pressure air test, tie rods or an external test frame that is designed to resist the force caused by internal airpressure shall be used to restrain
19、the bulkheads. The low-pressure air test assembly shall be protected by a relief valve set to releaseat a pressure no greater than 6 psi. The bulkheads used for negative pressure air tests do not require external restraints.7.3 The pressure or vacuum pumps shall have adequate capacity to obtain the
20、required test pressure.7.4 The test pressure shall be measured with a gage or manometer that is precise enough to measure the increments of pressurechange specified by this standard.7.5 The pressure measuring devices shall be located in a safe area where they can be observed without danger to test p
21、ersonnel.8. Preparation of the Pipe8.1 Allow the test pipe to cool to ambient air temperature.NOTE 2A wetted pipe is desirable and will produce more consistent test results. Air may pass through the walls of dry pipe.8.2 The pipe joint shall be visually inspected for smoothness. The dimensions of th
22、e gasket-bearing surfaces shall be verifiedto be within tolerances that were established in the design criteria.8.3 Test bulkheads shall be installed on the outer ends of the pipe section(s).8.4 Longitudinal tie rods or an external test frame shall be used to secure bulkheads used for low-pressure a
23、ir tests. Reviewsafety precautions found in Section 6.9. Procedure for Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test.Test9.1 Negative air pressure tests are intended for use on pipe 96 in. in diameter and smaller.9.2 A vacuum pump shall be used to increase the negative pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until th
24、e manometer readsapproximately 8 in. of mercury. Close off the vacuum source.9.3 When the negative pressure and temperature have stabilized and the negative pressure is less than the starting test pressureof 7 in. of mercury, begin the test by allowing the negative pressure to increase to 7 in. of m
25、ercury. At that point, the recordingof test time shall be initiated. If the change in pressure is no greater than 0.1083 in. of mercury in the test time specified in Table1, the pipe is acceptable. (WarningMercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material thatcan cau
26、se central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product MaterialSafety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp
27、:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information.Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.)NOTE 3The manufacturer is not prohibited from increasing the test pressure above the required 7 in. of mercury and red
28、ucing the test times foundin Table 1 proportional to the increase in test pressure. The allowable change in pressure of 0.1083 in. of mercury must be maintained.10. Procedure for Positive Air Pressure Test10.1 Positive pressure air tests are intended to be used on pipe 24 in. in diameter and smaller
29、.10.2 A pressure pump shall be used to increase the internal air pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the pressure gage readsapproximately 4 psi. Close off the air pressure source.10.3 When the pressure and temperature have stabilized and the pressure is above the starting test pressure of 3.5 psi,
30、 begin thetest by allowing the pressure to drop to 3.5 psi.At that point, the recording of the test time shall be initiated. If the drop in pressureis no greater than 0.0532 psi in the test time specified in Table 2, the pipe is acceptable.C1618 13211. Precision and Bias11.1 No justifiable statement
31、 is presently capable of being made either on the precision or bias of this procedure since the testresults merely state whether there is conformance to criteria for the success specified. Due to sealing effects of ground water andinternal flow on the pipeline, the test conditions and results are no
32、t reproducible.TABLE 1 Test Times For Negative Pressure Air Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure increase of 0.1083 in. Hg was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately l l2 in.(1.4725 in. exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) of
33、 l2 in. Test times shall be increased proportion-ally if larger changes in the height of the manometer column are required.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times a
34、re based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, in. 0.0017CFM/ft2 0.003 CFM/ft212 32 1815 41 2318 49 2821 57 3224 64 3627 73 4130 81 4633 90 5136 97 5542 114 6448 128 7254 146 8260 162 9266 180 10272
35、 194 11078 209 11884 226 12890 243 13896 256 144TABLE 2 Test Times for Positive Air Pressure Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure decrease of 0.0532 psi was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 1 l2 in.(1.4725 in. exactly) and a change in manometer oil column hei
36、ght(specific gravity 2.945) of l2 in. Test times shall be increased proportion-ally if larger changes in the height of the manometer column are required.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum te
37、st criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, in. 0.0017CFM/ft2 0.003 CFM/ft212 32 1815 41 2318 49 2821 57 3224 64 36C1618 13312. Repairs12.1 This specification does n
38、ot prohibit concrete pipe sections that fail the air leakage test from being repaired and retested.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
39、mination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or
40、withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that
41、your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (s
42、ingle or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).C1618 134
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