1、Designation: C1618M 13Standard Test Method forConcrete Sanitary Sewer Pipe by Negative (Vacuum) orPositive Air Pressure (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1618M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers procedures for testing of precastconcrete pipe sections, prior to delivery,
3、where maximum fieldleakage rates are specified.1.2 Tests described in this standard are intended to be usedat the point of manufacture of the concrete pipe and are notintended for testing installed pipe (for field tests see PracticesC924, C969, and C1214). The user of this specification isadvised th
4、at individual or multiple pipe sections may be testedfor the purpose of testing the pipe barrel and additionally thejoints in straight alignment when multiple pipe sections aretested.1.3 Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant fo
5、r anylength of test pipe or pipeline.1.4 Test times tabulated and the rate of air loss in thisstandard are based on successful testing of installed pipelines.However, since air and water have different physicalproperties, retests of some pipelines not meeting field air testshave been successful when
6、 tested with water. The leakage ratesof 0.0017 CFM/ft2and 0.0003 CFM/ft2, were determinedempirically as the maximums for pipe to meet the 50 and 200gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer) (24h) test rates,respectively1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other un
7、its of measurement are included in thisstandard.NOTE 1The availability of this test procedure for concrete pipe variesfrom location to location. Check with local supplier(s) for availability andrecommendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated w
8、ith its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish the appropriate safetyand health practices and to determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to its use. See Section 6 for specificsafety precautions.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Termino
9、logy Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC924 Practice for Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines byLow-Pressure Air Test MethodC969 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesC1214 Test Method for Concrete Pipe Sewerlines by Nega-t
10、ive Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test Method3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms related to precastconcrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The pipe to be tested shall be sealed at the outer endswith suitable airtight bulkheads. The manufacturer shall chooseto use e
11、ither low-pressure air or negative pressure air (vacuum)test methods to evaluate the condition of the pipe beforedelivery. The change in the internal pressure during a specifiedtime is used to determine the acceptability of the pipe.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is a quality test control performed
12、 at the manufac-turing plant to establish that the finished, shippable pipe meetsthe leakage limits stated in the specifications.6. Safety Precautions6.1 The user of this specification is advised of the following:6.1.1 This test may be dangerous if a pipe is not preparedproperly and proper procedure
13、s are not followed.6.1.2 No one should be allowed near the ends of the pipe ortest bulkheads during the test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methodsof Test.Current edition approved July 1, 20
14、13. Published December 2013. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as C1618M 05(2013).DOI: 10.1520/C1618M-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume
15、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websiteCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17. Apparatus7.1 For positive air pressure test, one bulkhead shall includea remote controlled valve that will
16、release the internal testpressure.7.2 For the low-pressure air test, tie rods or an external testframe that is designed to resist the force caused by internal airpressure shall be used to restrain the bulkheads. The low-pressure air test assembly shall be protected by a relief valveset to release at
17、 a pressure no greater than 42 kPa. Thebulkheads used for negative pressure air tests do not requireexternal restraints.7.3 The pressure or vacuum pumps shall have adequatecapacity to obtain the required test pressure.7.4 The test pressure shall be measured with a gage ormanometer that is precise en
18、ough to measure the increments ofpressure change specified by this standard.7.5 The pressure measuring devices shall be located in asafe area where they can be observed without danger to testpersonnel.8. Preparation of the Pipe8.1 Allow the test pipe to cool to ambient air temperature.NOTE 2A wetted
19、 pipe is desirable and will produce more consistenttest results. Air may pass through the walls of dry pipe.8.2 The pipe joint shall be visually inspected for smooth-ness. The dimensions of the gasket bearing surfaces shall beverified to be within tolerances that were established in thedesign criter
20、ia.8.3 Test bulkheads shall be installed on the outer ends of thepipe section(s).8.4 Longitudinal tie rods or an external test frame shall beused to secure bulkheads used for low-pressure air tests.Review safety precautions found in Section 6.9. Procedure for Negative Air Pressure (Vacuum) Test9.1 N
21、egative air pressure tests are intended for use on pipe2400 mm in diameter and smaller.9.2 A vacuum pump shall be used to increase the negativepressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the manometer readsapproximately 27.6 kPa. Close off the vacuum source.9.3 When the negative pressure and temperature h
22、ave sta-bilized and the negative pressure is less than the starting testpressure of 24.1 kPa, begin the test by allowing the negativepressure to increase to 24.1 kPa. At that point, the recording oftest time shall be initiated. If the change in pressure is nogreater than 0.3667 kPa in the test time
23、specified in Table 1, thepipe is acceptable.NOTE 3The manufacturer is not prohibited from increasing the testpressure above the required 24.1 kPa and reducing the test times found inTable 1 proportional to the increase in test pressure. The allowable changein pressure of 0.3667 kPa must be maintaine
24、d.10. Procedure For Positive Air Pressure Test10.1 Positive pressure air tests are intended to be used onpipe 600 mm in diameter and smaller.10.2 A pressure pump shall be used to increase the internalair pressure of the bulkheaded pipe until the pressure gagereads approximately 27.6 kPa. Close off t
25、he air pressuresource.10.3 When the pressure and temperature have stabilized andthe pressure is above the starting test pressure of 24 kPa, beginthe test by allowing the pressure to drop to 24 kPa. At thatpoint, the recording of the test time shall be initiated. If thedrop in pressure is no greater
26、than 0.3668 kPa in the test timespecified in Table 2, the pipe is acceptable.11. Precision and Bias11.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of beingmade either on the precision or bias of this procedure since thetest results merely state whether there is conformance tocriteria for the succ
27、ess specified. Due to sealing effects ofground water and internal flow on the pipeline, the testconditions and results are not reproducible.12. Repairs12.1 This specification does not prohibit concrete pipesections that fail the air leakage test from being repaired andretested.TABLE 1 Test Times For
28、 Negative Pressure Air Test, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure increase of 0.3667 kPa was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 38 mm(37.4015 mm exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) of 12 mm. Test times shall be increased propo
29、r-tionally if larger changes in the height of the manometer column arerequired.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore arep
30、roportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, mm 0.000523 CMM/m20.000921 CMM/m2300 32 18375 41 23450 49 28525 57 32600 64 36675 73 41750 81 46825 90 51900 97 551050 114 641200 128 721350 146 821500 162 921650 180 1021800 194 1101950 209 1182
31、100 226 128C1618M 132ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringemen
32、t of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or f
33、or additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views know
34、n to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM
35、 at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Test Times For Positive Air Pressure Te
36、st, SecondsNOTE 1A pressure decrease of 0.3668 kPa was chosen because itcorresponds to a change in water column height of approximately 38 mm(37.4015 mm exactly) and a change in manometer oil column height(specific gravity 2.945) of 12 mm. Test times shall be increased propor-tionally if larger chan
37、ges in the height of the manometer column arerequired.NOTE 2The two leakage rates shown, which were used in calculatingthe test times, were chosen based on two generally accepted field air andvacuum test criteria.NOTE 3Test times are based on leakage rates and therefore areproportional only to the pipe diameter and are constant for any length oftest pipe or pipeline.Pipe Size, mm 0.000523 CMM/m20.000921 CMM/m2300 32 18375 41 23450 49 28525 57 32600 64 36C1618M 133
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