1、Designation: C 1623 06Standard Specification forManufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete masonry lintels(beams) that are solid in cross-section, are reinforced forflexure, and are made from hydra
3、ulic cement, water, andmineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of othermaterials. These lintels are suitable for both loadbearing andnonloadbearing applications.NOTE 1This specification covers only concrete masonry lintels con-taining reinforcement. Due to building code imposed limitations
4、on thedesign of masonry lintels, all lintels must contain reinforcement. Concretemasonry lintels are not typically manufactured using shear reinforcement(stirrups or other vertical reinforcement). Therefore, this standard does notaddress issues related to such. For further guidance, refer to Buildin
5、g CodeRequirements for Masonry Structures, ACI 530 / ASCE 5 / TMS 402.Prestressed concrete lintels are not covered by this standard.1.2 Lintels are manufactured using a no-slump concrete mixto provide a surface texture similar to that of concrete masonry.This specification applies to both machine-ma
6、de and hand-tamped concrete masonry lintels intended for use in concretemasonry applications.1.3 Concrete masonry lintels covered by this specificationare made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, orboth.1.4 This specification does not address the design or analy-sis of lintel capacity. Str
7、uctural evaluations must be performedseparately. The strength of a lintel is a function of factorsincluding, but not limited to, the characteristics of the materialsused in manufacturing (concrete materials and reinforcement),the amount and location of reinforcement, and the manufac-turing and curin
8、g procedures. For design and analysis methods,refer to Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,ACI 530 / ASCE 5 / TMS 402.1.5 This specification does not cover U-shaped lintels orthose of other cross-sections that are not 100 % solid.1.6 This specification does not cover lintels of grouted
9、concrete masonry lintels, or precast or cast-in-place lintels ofslump concrete.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotesthat provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.8 Th
10、e values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and PlainCarbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 706/A 706M Specification for Low-Al
11、loy Steel De-formed and Plain Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA 996/A 996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-SteelDeformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ConcreteMasonry Units and Related UnitsC 150 Specification
12、 for Portland CementC 331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Con-crete Masonry UnitsC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-FurnaceSlag for U
13、se in Concrete and MortarsC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1209 Terminology of Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated UnitsC 1232 Terminology of MasonryC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC 1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Dura-bility of
14、 Manufactured Concrete Masonry Units and Re-lated Concrete Units2.2 Other StandardsACI 530 / ASCE 6 / TMS 402 Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry StructuresACI 530.1 / ASCE 6 / TMS 602 Specification for MasonryStructures1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufact
15、ured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1623 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit t
16、he ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100
17、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C 1209 and Ter-minology C 1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Material4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to thefollowing applicable specificatio
18、ns: 4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C 150.4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C 150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement con-forming to Specification C 150, modified as follows:(1) Limestone If calcium carbonate is added to the cement,the CaCO3content shall be not less than 85 %.(2) Limit
19、ation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent,22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C 5954.1.4 Hydraulic Cement Specification C 1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C 618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
20、SlagSpecification C 989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C 1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the follow-ing specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C 331.4.3 Steel
21、 ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall consistof deformed bars conforming to Specifications A 615/A 615M,A 706/A 706M,orA 996/A 996M.4.4 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, coloringpigments, integral water repellents, finely ground silica, andother constituents shall be previously established
22、as suitable foruse in concrete masonry lintels and shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience not tobe detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry lintelsor any material customarily used in masonry construction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time
23、of delivery to the purchaser, the concretewithin the lintel shall conform to the requirements prescribedin Table 1.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface texturesfor appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such asspecific reinforcing schedules, flexural streng
24、th, weight per unit length,higher compressive strength, or fire resistance, these features are specifiedseparately by the purchaser. Consult suppliers as to the availability oflintels having the desired features.5.2 All lintels shall be sound and free of cracks or otherdefects that interfere with pr
25、oper placement unless defects areconsidered to be not detrimental to structural capacity of thelintel before or after defects are repaired using practicessatisfactory to the engineer.NOTE 3The purchaser is the public body or authority, association,corporation, partnership, or individual entering int
26、o a contract or agree-ment to purchase or install, or both, concrete masonry lintels. The time ofdelivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or thepurchasers agent transports the concrete masonry lintels, or at the timeunloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers a
27、genttransports the concrete masonry lintels.NOTE 4When these lintels are used in above-grade applications aspart of a vertical, free-draining assemblage, the physical requirements inthis specification have been shown to result in durable products. Inapplications where the lintels are frequently expo
28、sed to deicing chemicalsor saturated conditions in conjunction with freezing and thawing tempera-tures, testing should be considered to evaluate freezing and thawingresistance using ASTM C 1262.6. Permissible Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, and height shall differ bynot mor
29、e than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions. Overall dimension for length shall differ by notmore than 0.5 % from the specified length.6.2 Warpage6.2.1 The longitudinal straightness of each of the four facesshall not deviate from a straight line more than14 in. (6 mm)over 10 ft (3.
30、05 m). Measure deviations with lintel resting onflat, horizontal surface.6.2.2 The cross-section of the lintel shall not deviate fromsquare more than18 in. (3 mm) over 8 in. (203 mm) in height.7. Requirements for Reinforcement7.1 Reinforcement and its placement shall comply withBuilding Code Require
31、ments for Masonry Structures, ACI 530/ASCE 6 / TMS 402 and Specification for Masonry Structures,ACI 530.1 / ASCE 7 / TMS 602 with the following exceptions.7.1.1 Specified vertical depth of longitudinal reinforcementshall be equal to or greater than the specified depth minus 0.5in. (12.7 mm) (Fig. 1a
32、).7.1.2 When a single longitudinal reinforcing bar is used at agiven depth, the specified horizontal depth of that reinforce-ment shall be 61 in. (25.4 in.) from the specified depth (Fig.1b).TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity Classification Oven-Dry Density
33、of Concrete, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3(kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength,psi (MPa)Average of3 SpecimensBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBLightweight Less than105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Medium Weight
34、 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)AConsult manufacturers for available densities.BRefer to section 9.2.1 for specimen requirements.C16230627.1.3 When multiple longitudinal reinforcing ba
35、rs are usedat a given depth, the specified horizontal depth of each bar shallbe equal to or greater than the specified depth minus 0.5 in.(12.7 mm) (Fig. 1c).7.2 Splicing of reinforcing bars is not permitted.7.3 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not less than1.5 in. (38 mm) and not more th
36、an 3 in. (76 mm) from the endof the lintel. These requirements do not apply to non-structuralreinforcing bars (i.e. those used to facilitate handling andtransportation) nor to those reinforcing bars manufactured toextend past the end of the lintel.NOTE 5Lintels are sometimes manufactured with reinfo
37、rcing barsextending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable codes to determineif such bars need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to thestructure or protected.7.4 Manufacturer shall maintain records of mill certifica-tions for reinforcement and shall make such records availableon
38、 request by the purchaser.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Where lintels are to be used in exposed wall construc-tion, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not showchips or cracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfectionswhen viewed from a distance of not less than 20 ft (6.1 m)under dif
39、fused lighting.8.2 The purchaser shall specify the color and texture oflintels. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place shallconform to an approved sample consisting of not less than fourlintels, representing the range of texture and color permitted onthe project.9. Sampling and Testing9
40、.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall beaccorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the lintels atthe place of manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.9.2 Sample and test lintels for compression and absorptionin accordance with Test Methods C 140 with the followingdeviations.
41、9.2.1 Compression tests shall be performed on three speci-mens, each measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in.(200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height. The aspectratio of each test specimen (measured height divided bymeasured width) shall by 2.0 6 0.1. The height of the specimenshall
42、 be in the same orientation as the height of the lintel. Onespecimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels with orwithout horizontal reinforcing bars within the specimen.NOTE 6Because concrete masonry lintels contain reinforcing steel itis often impractical to obtain compression specimens that
43、 do not containreinforcement. Saw-cuts that are made perpendicular to the length of thereinforcement do not typically damage the integrity of the compressionspecimen being removed if the blade is sharp and in good working order.Horizontal reinforcing bars that are oriented perpendicular to the direc
44、tionof compression loading do not significantly affect the tested strength of thespecimen.9.2.2 Absorption tests shall be performed on three speci-mens, each having greater than 200 in3(3280 cm3) in volume.One specimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels. Thespecimen shall be cut such that i
45、t does not contain reinforcingbars.NOTE 7A specimen measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height is typically easy toobtain and meets the volume requirements for absorption specimens.FIG. 1 Cross Section of Concrete Masonry LintelC16230639.2.3 Whe
46、n saw-cutting of compression and absorptionspecimens exposes reinforcement, document and report thefollowing:9.2.3.1 Number of bars and a sketch or description of theirlocation.9.2.3.2 Size (diameter) of each bar.9.2.3.3 Vertical location of each bar, measured from top oflintel to center of bar, in.
47、 (mm)9.2.3.4 Horizontal location of each bar, measured from eachface of the lintel to the center of bar, in. (mm)10. Compliance10.1 If a sample fails to conform to the specified require-ments, the manufacturer shall be permitted to remove lintelsfrom the shipment. A new sample shall be selected by t
48、hepurchaser from remaining lintels from the shipment with asimilar configuration and dimension and tested at the expenseof the manufacturer. If the second sample meets the specifiedrequirements, the remaining portion of the shipment repre-sented by the sample meets the specified requirements. If the
49、second sample fails to meet the specified requirements, theremaining portion of the shipment represented by the samplefails to meet the specified requirements.NOTE 8Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or projectcontract documents, the cost of tests is typically borne as follows: (1) ifthe results of the tests show that the lintels do not conform to therequirements of this specification, the cost is typically borne by the seller;(2) if the results of the tests show that the lintels conform to thespecification requirements, the cost is typi
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