ASTM C1623-2016 Standard Specification for Manufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels.pdf

1、Designation: C1623 11C1623 16Standard Specification forManufactured Concrete Masonry Lintels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu

2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete masonry lintels (beams) that are solid in cross-section, are reinforced for flexure, and aremade from

3、 hydraulic cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. These lintels aresuitable for both loadbearing and nonloadbearing applications.NOTE 1This specification covers only concrete masonry lintels containing reinforcement. Due to building code imposed limit

4、ations on the design ofmasonry lintels, all lintels must contain reinforcement. Concrete masonry lintels are not typically manufactured using shear reinforcement (stirrups orother vertical reinforcement). Therefore, this standard does not address issues related to such. For further guidance, refer t

5、o Building Code Requirementsfor Masonry Structures, TMS 402TMS 402.ACI 530ASCE 5. Prestressed concrete lintels are not covered by this standard.1.2 Lintels are manufactured using a no-slump concrete mix to provide a surface texture similar to that of concrete masonry.This specification applies to bo

6、th machine-made and hand-tamped concrete masonry lintels intended for use in concrete masonryapplications.1.3 Concrete masonry lintels covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.1.4 This specification does not address the design or analysis of lintel

7、 capacity. Structural evaluations must be performedseparately. The strength of a lintel is a function of factors including, but not limited to, the characteristics of the materials usedin manufacturing (concrete materials and reinforcement), the amount and location of reinforcement, and the manufact

8、uring andcuring procedures. For design and analysis methods, refer to Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,TMS 402TMS 402.ACI 530ASCE 5.1.5 This specification does not cover U-shaped lintels or those of other cross-sections that are not 100 % solid.1.6 This specification does not cover

9、lintels of grouted concrete masonry lintels, or precast or cast-in-place lintels of slumpconcrete.1.7 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements o

10、f the standard.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A615/A615M Specification

11、for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete ReinforcementA996/A996M Specification for Rail-Steel and Axle-Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete ReinforcementC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC1

12、40 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150 Specification for Portland CementC331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry UnitsC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natur

13、al Pozzolan for Use in Concrete1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 onConcrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011Dec. 15, 2016. Published January

14、2012January 2017. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20062011as C1623 06.C1623 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1623-11.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inform

15、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately dep

16、ict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internatio

17、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1

18、240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1262 Test Method for Evaluating the Freeze-Thaw Durability of Dry-Cast Segmental Retaining Wall Units and RelatedConcrete Units2.2 Other StandardsStandards:3TMS 402ACI 530ASCE 5 Building Code Requirements for Masonry StructuresTMS 602AC

19、I 530.1ASCE 6 Specification for Masonry Structures3. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.4. Material4.1 Cementitious MaterialsMaterials shall conform to the following applicable specifications: 4.1.1 Portland CementSpecification C150.4.1.1 Portl

20、and CementSpecification C150.4.1.2 Modified Portland CementPortland cement conforming to Specification C150, modified as follows:(1) Limestone If calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO3 content shall be not less than 85 %.(1) LimestoneIf calcium carbonate is added to the cement, the CaCO

21、3 content shall be not less than 85 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation on Loss on Ignition7 %.(2) Limitation on Insoluble Residue1.5 %.(3) Limitation on Air Content of MortarVolume percent, 22 % max.(4) Limitation

22、 on Loss on Ignition7 %.4.1.3 Blended Hydraulic CementsSpecification C5954.1.4 Hydraulic CementSpecification C1157.4.1.5 PozzolansSpecification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace SlagSpecification C989.4.1.7 Silica FumeSpecification C1240.4.2 AggregatesAggregates shall conform to the followi

23、ng specifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight AggregatesSpecification C33.4.2.2 Lightweight AggregatesSpecification C331.4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored ConcreteSpecification C979.4.4 Steel ReinforcementSteel reinforcement shall consist of def

24、ormed bars conforming to Specifications A615/A615M,A706/A706M, or A996/A996M.4.5 Other ConstituentsAir-entraining agents, integral water repellents, and other constituents shall be previously establishedas suitable for use in concrete masonry lintels and shall conform to applicable ASTM standards or

25、 shall be shown by test orexperience not to be detrimental to the durability of the concrete masonry lintels or any material customarily used in masonryconstruction.5. Physical Requirements5.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the concrete within the lintel shall conform to the requirements

26、prescribed in Table1.5.1.1 When higher compressive strengths than those listed in Table 1 are specified, the tested average net area compressivestrength of three specimens shall equal or exceed the specified compressive strength, and the tested individual specimen net areacompressive strength of all

27、 three units shall exceed 90 % of the specified compressive strength.NOTE 2When particular features are desired such as surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, or particular properties such as specificreinforcing schedules, flexural strength, weight per unit length, higher compressiv

28、e strength, or fire resistance, these features are specified separately bythe purchaser. Consult suppliers as to the availability of lintels having the desired features.3 Available from The Masonry Society, 105 South Sunset Street, Suite Q, Longmont, CO 805016172, https:/www.masonrysociety.org.C1623

29、 1625.2 All lintels shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with proper placement unless defects areconsidered to be not detrimental to structural capacity of the lintel before or after defects are repaired using practices satisfactoryto the engineer.NOTE 3The purchaser is

30、the public body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agreement topurchase or install, or both, concrete masonry lintels. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchasers agenttransports the concrete maso

31、nry lintels, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturers agent transports the concretemasonry lintels.NOTE 4When these lintels are used in above-grade applications as part of a vertical, free-draining assemblage, the physical requirements in thisspecification hav

32、e been shown to result in durable products. In applications where the lintels are frequently exposed to deicing chemicals or saturatedconditions in conjunction with freezing and thawing temperatures, testing should be considered to evaluate freezing and thawing resistance using ASTMC1262.6. Permissi

33、ble Variations in Dimensions6.1 Overall dimensions for width, and height shall differ by not more than 618 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified standarddimensions. Overall dimension for length shall differ by not more than 0.5 % from the specified length.6.2 Warpage6.2.1 The longitudinal straightness of

34、each of the four faces shall not deviate from a straight line more than 14 in. (6 mm) over10 ft (3.05 m). Measure deviations with lintel resting on flat, horizontal surface.6.2.2 The cross-section of the lintel shall not deviate from square more than 18 in. (3 mm) over 8 in. (203 mm) in height.7. Re

35、quirements for Reinforcement7.1 Reinforcement and its placement shall comply with Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures,TMS 402ACI 530ASCE 5 and Specification for Masonry Structures, TMS 602ACI 530.1ASCE 6 with the following exceptions.7.1.1 Specified vertical depth of longitudinal reinf

36、orcement shall be equal to or greater than the specified depth minus 0.5 in.(12.7 mm) (Fig. 1a).7.1.2 When a single longitudinal reinforcing bar is used at a given depth, the specified horizontal depth of that reinforcementshall be 61 in. (25.4 in.) from the specified depth (Fig. 1b).7.1.3 When mult

37、iple longitudinal reinforcing bars are used at a given depth, the specified horizontal depth of each bar shall beequal to or greater than the specified depth minus 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) (Fig. 1c).7.2 Splicing of reinforcing bars is not permitted.7.3 End of reinforcing bars shall be terminated not less t

38、han 1.5 in. (38 mm) and not more than 3 in. (76 mm) from the endof the lintel. These requirements do not apply to non-structural reinforcing bars (i.e. those used to facilitate handling andtransportation) nor to those reinforcing bars manufactured to extend past the end of the lintel.NOTE 5Lintels a

39、re sometimes manufactured with reinforcing bars extending past the end of the lintel. Consult applicable codes to determine if suchbars need to be embedded in grout or otherwise connected to the structure or protected.7.4 Manufacturer shall maintain records of mill certifications for reinforcement a

40、nd shall make such records available on requestby the purchaser.8. Finish and Appearance8.1 Where lintels are to be used in exposed wall construction, the face or faces that are to be exposed shall not show chips orcracks, not otherwise permitted, or other imperfections when viewed from a distance o

41、f not less than 20 ft (6.1 m) under diffusedlighting.8.2 The purchaser shall specify the color and texture of lintels. The finished surfaces that will be exposed in place shall conformto an approved sample consisting of not less than four lintels, representing the range of texture and color permitte

42、d on the project.TABLE 1 Strength, Absorption, and Density Classification RequirementsADensity Classification Oven-Dry Densityof Concrete, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Maximum WaterAbsorption, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)Minimum Net AreaCompressive Strength,psi (MPa)Average of3 SpecimensBAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimen

43、BAverage of3 SpecimensBIndividualSpecimenBLightweight Less than105 (1680) 18 (288) 20 (320) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Medium Weight 105 to less than 125 (16802000) 15 (240) 17 (272) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)Normal Weight 125 (2000) or more 13 (208) 15 (240) 2500 (17.2) 2250 (15.5)A Consult manufacturers

44、for available densities.B Refer to section 9.2.1 for specimen requirements.C1623 1639. Sampling and Testing9.1 The purchaser or authorized representative shall be accorded proper facilities to inspect and sample the lintels at the placeof manufacture from the lots ready for delivery.9.2 Sample and t

45、est lintels for compression and absorption in accordance withTest Methods C140 with the following deviations.9.2.1 Compression tests shall be performed on three specimens, each measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height. The aspect ratio of each

46、 test specimen (measured height divided by measured width)shall by 2.0 6 0.1. The height of the specimen shall be in the same orientation as the height of the lintel. One specimen shall besaw-cut from each of three lintels with or without horizontal reinforcing bars within the specimen.NOTE 6Because

47、 concrete masonry lintels contain reinforcing steel it is often impractical to obtain compression specimens that do not containreinforcement. Saw-cuts that are made perpendicular to the length of the reinforcement do not typically damage the integrity of the compression specimenbeing removed if the

48、blade is sharp and in good working order. Horizontal reinforcing bars that are oriented perpendicular to the direction of compressionloading do not significantly affect the tested strength of the specimen.9.2.2 Absorption tests shall be performed on three specimens, each having greater than 200 in3

49、(3280 cm3) in volume. Onespecimen shall be saw-cut from each of three lintels. The specimen shall be cut such that it does not contain reinforcing bars.NOTE 7A specimen measuring nominally 4 in. (100 mm) in width, 8 in. (200 mm) in length and 8 in. (200 mm) in height is typically easy to obtainand meets the volume requirements for absorption specimens.9.2.3 When saw-cutting of compression and absorption specimens exposes reinforcement, document and report the following:9.2.3.1 Number of bars and a sketch or description of thei