1、Designation: C1628 11Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Gravity Flow Sewer Pipe, Using RubberGaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1628; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible leak resistant joints forconcrete gravity flow sewer pipe using rubber gaskets fors
3、ealing the joints, where measurable or defined infiltration orexfiltration is a factor of the design. The specification coversthe design of joints and the requirements for rubber gaskets tobe used therewith, for pipe conforming in all other respects toSpecifications C14, C76, C655, C985, and C1417,
4、providedthat, if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimension,the requirements of this specification shall govern for joints.NOTE 1Infiltration or exfiltration quantities for an installed pipelineare dependent upon many factors other than the joints, and allowablequantities must be cover
5、ed by other specifications and suitable testing ofthe installed pipeline and system. This specification covers the design,material, and performance of the rubber gasket joint only. Joints coveredby this specification are for hydrostatic pressures up to 13 psi withoutleakage, when plant tested in acc
6、ordance with Section 10.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of
7、 this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert PipeC76 Specification for Reinforced Con
8、crete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer PipeC497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC655 Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-Load Cul-vert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC985 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Spe
9、cifiedStrength Culvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer PipeC1417 Specification for Manufacture of Reinforced Con-crete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe for DirectDesignC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating
10、 to con-crete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joints and gasket shall bedetermined by the approved design submittal information,results of the physical tests prescribed in this specification, andby inspection to determine whether the pipe joints and
11、 gasketsconform to this specification as to design and freedom fromdefects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Gaskets5.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound.The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, ora blend of both meeting the physical requirements prescribed inS
12、pecification C1619.5.1.1 Gaskets for standard use shall meet Class E require-ments. Gaskets which require oil resistant properties shall meetClass B requirements.5.2 Circular Cross-Section Gaskets:5.2.1 Circular cross-section gaskets shall be extruded ormolded to the specified size within a toleranc
13、e of 6164 in. or61.5 % of the cord diameter, whichever is larger.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published Sept
14、ember 2011. Originallypublished in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as 06. DOI:10.1520/C1628-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2.2 Circular cross-section gaskets shall have the nominaldesign cut length tolerance of 63.0 % for extruded and splicedgaskets.5.2.3 Eac
16、h gasket shall be manufactured to provide thevolume of rubber required by the pipe manufacturers jointdesign with a tolerance of 63 %for gaskets up to and includingl- in. in diameter and 6 1 % for gaskets of 1-in. diameter andlarger. The allowable percentage tolerance shall vary linearlybetween 63 %
17、 and 61 % for gasket diameters between12 and1 in.5.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gaskets:5.3.1 Non-circular cross-section gaskets shall be extrudedor molded to the design size within a tolerance of 6164 in. or6 3.0 % on any dimension, measured at any cross section,whichever is larger.5.3.2 Non-circul
18、ar cross-section gaskets shall have thenominal design cut length tolerance of 63 % for extruded andspliced gaskets.6. Design of Joints6.1 When requested at time of purchase, the pipe manufac-turer shall furnish the owner with a detailed design of the jointor joints to be furnished under this specifi
19、cation. Includedwithin this submittal shall be gasket shape, dimensions, toler-ance, and hardness, joint geometry, pipe, and joint dimensiontolerances, gasket deformation analysis including manufactur-ing tolerances, proof of design; hydrostatic and structural testinformation, manufacturers quality
20、assurance testing, anddocumentation procedures. The manufacturing tolerances re-quired in joint design shall be specified by the manufacturerand verified by the manufacturers written quality assurancetesting procedures and documentation.6.1.1 The joint shall consist of a bell on one end of a unitof
21、pipe and a spigot on the adjacent end of the joining pipe.6.1.2 All surfaces of the joint, upon or against which thegasket shall bear, including the bell entrance slope taper, shallbe free of imperfections that would adversely affect theperformance of the joint.6.1.3 The joint shall be designed to p
22、rovide a minimumdistance when measured between the nearest end of spigotgroove or spigot offset and end of bell, excluding bell entrancechamfer, at the design closure position of12-in. for pipe 12 to27 in. diameters and34 in. for pipe 30-in. diameter and larger.NOTE 2See joint data form in Appendix,
23、 dimension 9A9.6.1.4 The joints of the pipe shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces caused by the deformation of thegasket when joined and when tested in accordance with Section10.6.1.5 The angle of taper on the conic surfaces of the insideof the bell end and the outer surface of
24、the spigot end where thegasket seats shall not be more than 2, measured from the pipeaxis. Tapers up to 3 are not prohibited if proven adequate byplant tests as specified in Section 9 and approved by the ownerunder the provisions of 6.4. It is not prohibited for the conicsurfaces to be modified with
25、 grooves or offsets to properlycontain and seat the gasket.6.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and leak resistant. The gasket shall be acontinuous ring which fits snugly into the annular spacebetween the overlapping surfaces of the assembled pipe joint
26、toform a flexible watertight seal.6.1.7 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the use of a lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no deterioration or detrimen-tal swelling effects on the performance of the joint due toprolonged exposure.6.
27、2 Confined Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:6.2.1 In joints that utilize spigot grooves and solid gasketsof circular cross-section, the smallest potential volume of theannular space provided for the gasket, with the engaged jointdesign closure in concentric position, shall be not less than
28、 thedesign volume of the gasket furnished. The smallest potentialcross-sectional area of the annular space shall be calculatedusing the minimum bell diameter, maximum spigot diameter,minimum width of groove at surface of spigot, and minimumdepth of groove. The smallest potential volume of the annula
29、rspace shall be calculated considering the centroid of thecross-sectional area to be at the midpoint between the insidebell surface and the surface of the groove on which the gasketis seated at the centerline of the groove.6.2.2 The gasket shall be of such diameter that when theouter surface of the
30、spigot and the inner surface of the bellcome into contact at some point in their periphery (off-centerposition), the deformation in the gasket shall not exceed 50 %at the point of contact nor be less than 15 % at any point. Whendetermining the maximum percent deformation of the gasket,the minimum de
31、pth of groove and the stretched gasket diam-eter shall be used and calculations made at the centerline of thegroove. When determining the minimum percent deformationof the gasket, the minimum groove width, the maximum belldiameter, the minimum spigot diameter, the maximum depth ofgroove, and the str
32、etched gasket diameter shall be used andcalculations made at the centerline of the groove. For gasketdeformation calculations, stretched gasket diameter shall bedetermined as being the design diameter of the gasket dividedby the square root of (1 + x) where x equals the design percentof gasket stret
33、ch divided by 100.6.2.3 In joints that utilize spigot grooves described in 6.2.1and 6.2.2, the gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 % ofits original circumference, except that gaskets meeting Class Erequirements used on pipe 96-in. diameter and larger shall notbe stretched more than 35% %.6.3
34、Non-Circular Cross-Section Gasket Joint Design:6.3.1 In joints that utilize gaskets of non-circular cross-section placed on a single offset spigot configuration, theannular space between the gasket contact surfaces of theassembled joint shall have the rubber gasket deformed not lessthan 15 % or more
35、 than 60 % when the pipe is joined withmaximum joint surface eccentricity (off-center) with all manu-facturing and gasket tolerances being considered. When deter-mining the maximum percent deformation of the gasket, theminimum bell diameter, the maximum spigot diameter, and thestretched gasket heigh
36、t shall be used at design closure. Whendetermining the minimum percent deformation of the gasket,the maximum bell diameter, the minimum spigot diameter, andC1628 112the stretched gasket height shall be used at design closure. Forgasket deformation calculations the stretched height shall bedetermined
37、 by 8.1.2.6.3.2 In lieu of the deformation limit design method de-scribed in 6.3.1, the manufacturer is not prohibited fromsubmitting a gasket force analysis. This design method shallanalyze the annular space between the gasket contact surfacesof the assembled joint and compare it to the compression
38、versus force characteristics for the proposed non-circularcross-section gasket as described in gasket compression curvesas furnished by the gasket manufacturer, pipe joint manufac-turer, or an independent testing laboratory. The joint designanalysis shall have the rubber gasket deformed within theli
39、mits of the specified design force limits when the pipe isjoined off-center with all manufacturing and gasket tolerancesbeing considered. When determining the maximum deforma-tion of the gasket, the minimum bell diameter, the maximumspigot diameter, and the stretched gasket height shall be used.When
40、 determining the minimum deformation of the gasket, themaximum bell diameter, the minimum spigot diameter, and thestretched gasket height shall be used.6.3.3 In joints that utilize offsets on the bell and spigot toconfine a non-circular cross-section gasket, the gasket shall beof such height that wh
41、en the outer surface of the spigot and theinner surface of the bell come into contact at some point intheir periphery, the deformation in the gasket shall not exceed55 % at the point of contact nor be less than 15 % at any point.When determining the maximum percent deformation of thegasket, the mini
42、mum bell diameter, the maximum spigotdiameter and the maximum stretched gasket height shall beused. When determining the minimum percent deformation ofthe gasket, the maximum depth of shoulders, the maximum belldiameter, the minimum spigot diameter, and the minimumstretched gasket height shall be us
43、ed. For gasket deformationcalculations, the stretched height shall be determined as de-scribed in 8.1.2.6.3.4 The gasket for joints described in 6.3 shall not bestretched more than 30 % of its unstretched length when seatedon the spigot end.6.4 Alternative Joint Designs:6.4.1 Alternative joint desig
44、ns, other than those described in6.1, 6.2, and 6.3, shall not be used unless they are approved inwriting by the owner and provided all the tests comply withthis specification. The pipe manufacturer shall submit to theowner detailed designs for any alternative joint or gasket, orboth. Design submissi
45、ons shall include joint geometry, toler-ances, gasket characteristics, gasket deformation analysis,plant quality control tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the joint design for requiredfield performance. Joints and gaskets of alternative jointdesigns shall meet all
46、 test requirements of Sections 5and 9contained within this specification.7. Permissible Variations in Dimensions7.1 The diameter of pipe joint gasket bearing surfaces isconfirmed by taking three equally spaced diametric measure-ments with a calibrated instrument accurate within 60.005 in.,all of whi
47、ch shall be within the minimum and maximum limitsused in Section 6.7.1.1 Specific methods, frequency, and record keeping ofjoint measurements shall be included in the manufacturerswritten quality assurance testing procedures and documenta-tion.8. Test Methods for Gaskets8.1 In addition to Specificat
48、ion C1619, the physical proper-ties of the gaskets shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing methods:8.1.1 Gasket Volume DeterminationDetermine the vol-ume of gasket sections in accordance to Test Method C497.8.1.2 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gasket Stretch HeightDetermine the stretch heigh
49、t of gasket sections in accordanceto Test Method C497.8.1.3 Gasket LengthDetermine the stretch length of gas-ket sections in accordance to Test Method C497.9. Performance Requirements for Joints9.1 The hydrostatic and structural tests are conducted toserve as a proof-of-design test and the results shall be includedwithin the joint submittal documents to the owner. Thehydrostatic and structural tests and results shall be witnessedand certified by an independent testing agency, an ownersrepresentative, or manufacturers employee who is identifiedwithin the manufactur
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