1、Designation: C1677 11a (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Box, Using Rubber Gaskets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1677; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible joints for concrete boxsections, using rubber gaskets for leak resistant joints. Th
3、especification covers the design of joints and the requirementsfor rubber gaskets to be used therewith, for boxes conformingin all other respects to Specification C1433 or C1577, providedthat if there is conflict in permissible variations in dimensionsthe requirements of this specification for joint
4、s shall govern.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with inte
5、rnationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C497
6、 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, orTileC822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC1433 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewersC1577 Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-lithic Box
7、 Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFDC1619 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joining Con-crete Structures3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability
8、of the box joints and gaskets shall bedetermined by the results of the physical test prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the box joints and gaskets conform to thisspecification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture
9、 for Gaskets5.1 The gasket shall be fabricated from a rubber compound.The basic polymer shall be natural rubber, synthetic rubber, ora blend of both meeting the physical requirements prescribed inSpecification C1619.5.1.1 Gaskets for standard use shall meet Class C require-ments. Gaskets which requi
10、re oil resistant properties shall meetClass D requirements.5.2 Circular Cross-Section Gaskets:5.2.1 Circular cross-section gaskets shall be extruded ormolded to the specified size within a tolerance of 6164 in.(60.4 mm) or 61.5 % of the cord diameter, whichever islarger.5.2.2 Circular cross-section
11、gaskets shall have the nominaldesign cut length tolerance of 63 % for extruded and splicedgaskets.5.3 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gaskets:5.3.1 Non-circular cross-section gaskets shall be extrudedor molded to the design size within a tolerance of 6164 in.(60.4 mm) or 63.0 % on any dimension, measured
12、 at anycross section, whichever is larger.5.3.2 Non-circular cross-section gaskets shall have thenominal design cut length tolerance of 63 % for extruded andspliced gaskets.6. Design of Joints6.1 The manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint or joints including design
13、 anddurometer hardness of the rubber gasket proposed to befurnished under this specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved S
14、ept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as C1677 11a. DOI:10.1520/C1677-11AR17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
15、 volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on
16、standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of a unit of box,
17、 and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the joining box.6.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thegasket is capable of bearing shall be smooth, free of spalls,cracks or fractures, and imperfections that would adverselyaffect the performance of the joint.6.1.3 The joints of the b
18、ox shall be of such design that theywill withstand the forces caused by the compression of thegasket when joined, without cracking or fracturing when testedin accordance with Section 9.6.1.4 The angle of taper on the surfaces of the inside of thebell or groove and the outer surface of the spigot or
19、tonguewhere the gasket seats shall be not more than 3.5 measuredfrom the pipe axis, except that tapers up to 5 are not prohibitedif proven adequate by plant tests as specified in Section 9 andapproved by the owner. The surface on the spigot or tongueshall be modified to properly position and seat th
20、e gasket.6.1.5 The space between the gasket-bearing surfaces of theassembled and centered joint shall be not more than 75 % ofthe uncompressed thickness of the installed gasket with allmanufacturing tolerances applied. Minimum tolerances shallnot be less than 10 % of the installed gasket height. The
21、minimum off-center gasket deformation of the assembled jointat design closure shall not be less than 15 %. The joint designshall provide for the deflection of a box unit by opening oneside of the outside joint surface of the joint12 in. (13 mm)wider than the designed position without causing the def
22、orma-tion of the gasket to be less than 10 %. Where greaterdeflections are required than provided by the joint design,beveled joints or elbows must be provided.6.1.6 The gasket shall be the sole sealing element dependedupon to make the joint flexible and leak resistant. The gasketshall be a continuo
23、us shape which fits snugly into the annularspace between the overlapping surfaces of the assembled boxjoint.6.1.7 The gasket shall not be stretched more than 30 %when seated on the spigot or tongue end of the box.6.1.8 Where the particular joint design utilizing a rubbergasket dictates the use of a
24、lubricant to facilitate assembly, thelubricant composition shall have no detrimental effect on theperformance of the gasket and joint due to prolonged exposure.NOTE 1Joints in an assembled position are defined as joints in theposition after assembly in accordance with the manufacturers design.6.2 Al
25、ternative Joint DesignsWhen agreed upon by theowner, manufacturers are not prohibited from submitting to theowner detailed designs for joints and gaskets other than thosedescribed in Section 6. Design submissions shall include jointgeometry, tolerances, gasket characteristics, gasketdeformation, pro
26、posed plant tests, gasket splice bend tests, andsuch other information as required by the owner to evaluate thejoint design for field performance. Joints and gaskets ofalternative joint designs shall at least meet all test requirementsof this specification if permitted by the owner. Alternative join
27、tdesigns shall be acceptable provided the designs are approvedby the owner prior to manufacture and provided the test pipecomply with the specified tests.7. Permissible Variations in Dimensions7.1 The planes formed by the ends of non-beveled box shallnot vary from the perpendicular to the box axis b
28、y more than18 in./ft (10 mm/m) of internal span with a maximum of58 in.(16 mm) for all sizes through 7 ft (2100 mm) internal span, anda maximum of34 in. (19 mm) for internal spans greater than 7ft (2100 mm), except where beveled ends for laying on curvesare specified by the purchaser.8. Test Methods
29、 for Gaskets8.1 In addition to Specification C1619, the physical proper-ties of the gaskets shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing methods:8.1.1 Gasket Volume DeterminationDetermine the vol-ume of gasket sections in accordance to Test Method C497.8.1.2 Non-Circular Cross-Section Gasket
30、Stretch HeightDetermine the stretch height of gasket sections in accordanceto Test Method C497.8.1.3 Gasket LengthDetermine the stretch length of gas-ket sections in accordance to Test Method C497.9. Performance Requirements for Joints9.1 When required by the owner, assembled joints shall passthe fo
31、llowing in plant performance test.9.1.1 Boxes in Straight AlignmentHydrostatic pressuretests on joints shall be made on an assembly of two sections ofbox, properly connected in accordance with the joint design.Atthe option of the owner a second such test shall be required.Suitable means shall be pro
32、vided that allows pressure to beapplied to the joint, either external or internal of the two joinedbox sections. No fillings or packings shall be placed prior to thetests. After the box sections are fitted together with the gasketor gaskets in place, the assembly shall be subjected to ahydrostatic p
33、ressure of 5 psi (35 kPa) for 10 min. Moisture orbeads of water that drip from the joint that can be proven toseal and dry up on retesting are acceptable.9.1.2 Boxes in Maximum Deflected PositionUponcompletion of the test for boxes in straight alignment in 9.1.1,the test sections shall be deflected
34、to create a position12 in. (13mm) wider than the assembled position on one side of theoutside perimeter of each joint and shall be subjected to aninternal hydrostatic pressure of 3 psi (21 kPa) for 10 min.Moisture or beads of water that drip from the joint that can beproven to seal and dry up on ret
35、esting are acceptable.9.1.3 Off-Center AlignmentOn completion of tests in 9.1.1and 9.1.2 the assembly shall be loaded to cause maximum jointannular space to occur. The load shall be applied such that adifferential load across the tested joint of 150 lb/in. (26.3KN/mm) of span is obtained or concrete
36、-to-concrete contactoccurs. The assembly shall than be retested as set forth in 9.1.1.10. Storage10.1 The gaskets shall be stored in as cool, clean, andshaded place as practicable, preferably at 70F (21C) or less.10.2 The lubricant shall be stored in accordance to thelubricant manufacturers recommen
37、ded temperature range.C1677 11a (2017)211. Inspection11.1 The quality of the materials and the finished pipe jointand gasket shall be subject to inspection and approval by aninspector employed by the owner.12. Certification12.1 When requested by the owner, the manufacturer shallfurnish written certi
38、fication that the joint lubricant conforms toall requirements of this specification for the specific gasketssupplied.13. Product Marking13.1 LubricantThe following information shall be clearlymarked on each container of lubricant:13.1.1 Name of lubricant manufacturer,13.1.2 Usable temperature range
39、for application andstorage,13.1.3 Shelf life, and13.1.4 Lot or batch number.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damageduring handling of each box end are not prohibited from beingrepaired and will be acceptable, if in the opinion of the owner,the repaired pipe conforms to
40、the requirements of 6.1.2provided the length of a single area to be repaired shall notexceed one fourth of the inside span of the box or the length ofseveral areas combined does not exceed one half of the insidespan of the box.14.2 At the option of the owner, the box joint that has beenrepaired shal
41、l be subjected to the designated hydrostatic test inaccordance with 9.1.1 and shall be accepted if it passes thehydrostatic test requirements.15. Rejection15.1 Box joints and gaskets shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the requirements of thisspecification. Box that is dam
42、aged because of carelessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-facture or damage during handling shall be subject to rejection.15.2 Gaskets shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the w
43、ork.16. Keywords16.1 concrete box; joints; rubber gasketsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such paten
44、t rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited eithe
45、r for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair he
46、aring you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standar
47、d may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11a (2017)3
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