1、Designation: C 1685 08Standard Specification forPneumatically Applied High-Temperature Fiber ThermalInsulation for Industrial Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1685; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca
2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the composition, thermal per-formance, and physical properties o
3、f high-temperature fiberthermal insulation for use at temperatures from ambient to3000F (1649C).1.2 The dry, loose high-temperature fibers shall be pneu-matically conveyed to a nozzle where they are mixed with awater-based chemical binder.1.3 The pneumatically applied, high-temperature fiber insu-la
4、tion is intended for use in industrial applications on flat, ornearly flat, surfaces. It is not intended for use on pipes.1.4 This specification does not address the requirements forfire-resistive insulation, but it does not preclude this materialsuse in that capacity.1.5 This is a material specific
5、ation only and is not intendedto cover methods of application that are provided by themanufacturer.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not consid
6、ered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
7、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C71 Terminology Relating to RefractoriesC 165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Propertiesof Thermal InsulationsC 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties
8、 by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refracto-riesC 356 Test Method for Linear Shrinkage of PreformedHigh-Temperature Thermal Insulation Subjected to Soak-ing HeatC 390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of ThermalInsulation LotsC411 Test Method
9、for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC 447 Practice for Estimating the Maximum Use Tempera-ture of Thermal InsulationsC 665 Specification for Mineral-Fiber Blanket Thermal In-sulation for Light Frame Construction and ManufacturedHousingC 795 Specification for Thermal Ins
10、ulation for Use in Con-tact with Austenitic Stainless SteelC 1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal TransmissionProperties Under Steady-State ConditionsC 1104/C 1104M Test Method for Determining the WaterVapor Sorption of Unfaced Mineral Fiber InsulationC 1113 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of
11、Refracto-ries by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Tech-nique)E84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 605 Test Methods for Thickness and Density of SprayedFire-Resistive Material (S
12、FRM) Applied to StructuralMembersE 2231 Practice for Specimen Preparation and Mounting ofPipe and Duct Insulation Materials to Assess SurfaceBurning Characteristics1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
13、e C16.23 onBlanket and Loose Fill Insulation.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stand
14、ards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Other Standards:ISO 8894 Thermal Conductivity by the Hot Wire Method;Part 1 Crossed Wire Method, Part 2 Parallel Wire Method3CAN/ULCS10
15、207 Standard Method of Test for SurfaceBurning Characteristics of Building Materials and Assem-blies43. Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms used in thisspecification, see Terminology C71and C 168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3 cured, nstate or condition of the
16、 finished product afterthe liquid vehicle has been evaporated to a constant mass.3.4 pneumatically applied, vuse of air to convey thefibrous insulation to a nozzle and then from a nozzle to theintended surface to be insulated.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Composition The basic types of materials s
17、hall beloose inorganic fibers combined with a liquid, water-basedbinder. The fibers are made from mineral substances such assilica, alumina, calcium, and magnesium processed from themolten state into fibrous form. The liquid binder is made frominorganic materials: water, colloidal silica, and less t
18、han 2% ofan organic foaming agent.4.2 TypesThe product is separated into types based on thechemistry and temperature use limit:TypeChemicalCompositionUpper Use Temperature,F (C)I Calcium Magnesium Silicate 2012 (1100)II Magnesium Silicate 2300 (1260)III Aluminum Silicate 3000 (1649)4.3 The liquid bi
19、nder shall be added in sufficient quantity toprovide the fibers with necessary adhesion to the appliedsurface, cohesion to one another, and the required physicalproperties of the installed, dry insulation.5. Physical Properties5.1 For pneumatically applied, high-temperature thermalinsulation, it is
20、possible that the properties of density andapparent thermal conductivity will vary with the manufacturer.Minimum acceptable value of density and maximum accept-able values of thermal conductivity shall be stated by themanufacturer before sale and shall be tested in accordance with9.1. (See Table 1.)
21、5.2 Maximum Use TemperatureWhen tested in accor-dance with 9.1, the high-temperature fiber insulation shall notwarp, flame, or glow during hot surface exposure. No evidenceof melting or fiber degradation shall be evident upon posttestinspection.5.3 Maximum Exothermic Temperature RiseWhen testedin ac
22、cordance with 9.1, the internal temperature shall not at anytime exceed the hot surface temperature by more than 200F(111C). The 200F criterion applies during heat-up as well assteady-state conditions. Exceeding this limit constitutes non-compliance to this specification and rejection.5.4 Surface Bu
23、rning Characteristics The cured insulationshall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and amaximum smoke developed of 50 when tested in accordancewith 9.4.5.5 Non-combustibilityIf required for the particular appli-cation, the installed, dry insulation shall meet the requirementsof non-combustibili
24、ty when tested in accordance with 9.5.5.6 Linear Shrinkage and Temperature of UseThe pneu-matically applied high-temperature insulation shall be demon-strated to be dimensionally stable with a maximum of 5%linear shrinkage when tested in accordance with Test MethodC 356 to its maximum use temperatur
25、e.3Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.ch.4Available from Ottawa Standards and Government Relations Office 440 LaurierAve. West, Suite 200 Ottawa ON K1R 7X6, http:/www.ulc.ca.TAB
26、LE 1 Physical Property RequirementsMaximum Use Temperature, F (C)Type I Type II Type III2012 (1100) 2300 (1260) 3000 (1649)Apparent Thermal Conductivity, maximum Btu-in./h ft2 F (W/m K) at mean temperature, F (C), for all three types75 (24) 0.40 (0.058)200 (93) 0.44 (0.063)400 (204) 0.54 (0.078)600
27、(316) 0.72 (0.104)800 (427) 1.00 (0.144)1000 (538) 1.37 (0.197)1200 (649) 1.82 (0.262)1400 (760) 2.36 (0.340)1600 (871) 2.99 (0.431)Maximum Compressive Resistance, at 10% deformation, min, lb/ft2(kPa), for all three types 50 (2.4)Linear Shrinkage, at maximum use temperature, %, for all three types 5
28、.0Water Vapor Sorption, maximum, % by weight, for all three types 5.0Surface Burning Characteristics, for all three types:Flame Spread Index, maximum 25Smoke Developed Index, maximum 50C16850825.7 Compressive ResistanceThe compressive resistanceshall be at least 50 psi (2.4 kPa) at 10% deformation,
29、whentested in accordance with 9.6.5.8 Water Vapor SorptionWater vapor sorption shall notexceed 5% by weight when tested in accordance with 9.7.5.9 Corrosiveness to SteelWhen tested and evaluated inaccordance with 9.8, the corrosion resulting from insulation incontact with steel plates shall be judge
30、d to be no greater thanfor comparative plates in contact with sterile cotton in accor-dance with 9.8.5.10 Stress Corrosion to Austenitic Stainless SteelWhenspecified, the stress corrosion shall be tested and evaluated inaccordance with 9.9.6. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance6.1 The pneumatically a
31、pplied high-temperature insulationshall be free of all extraneous foreign material, such as metaland paper, that would adversely affect the performance of theinsulation.6.2 The thickness and appearance of the insulation shall beas agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. Surfacefinish sha
32、ll be done only in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions.6.3 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance with themanufacturers instructions. This has the potential to include,but is not limited to, the addition of mechanical anchors andrefractory mortar.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling of the insul
33、ation shall be in accordance withPractice C 390.8. Specimen Preparation8.1 Test Specimens All specimens shall be prepared usingthe manufacturers recommended application apparatus andapplication techniques. All specimens shall be dry and cured toconstant mass before testing. All specimens shall be te
34、sted atthe maximum design thickness or the applied thickness unlessotherwise specified by the specific test method in Section 9.9. Test Methods9.1 Maximum Use Temperature and Exothermic RiseTemperaturesTest in accordance with Test Method C411and the hot surface performance of Practice C 447 at thein
35、sulations maximum use temperature. All types shall betested without jacketing at the manufacturers maximum rec-ommended thickness for the particular temperature. Tests shallbe conducted on a flat hot plate.9.2 Density and ThicknessDensity and thickness shall betested in accordance with Test Method E
36、 605.9.3 Apparent Thermal Conductivity The thermal conduc-tivity shall be determined in accordance with any one of thefollowing test methods: C 177, C 201, C 1113,orISO 8894,using at least four mean temperatures spanning the expectedmean use temperature of the installation if required for theinstall
37、ation. As specified in Practice C 1045, the range of testconditions must include at least one test where the hot surfacetemperature is greater than, or equal to, the hot limit of thetemperature range of desired data and at least one test wherethe cold surface temperature is less than, or equal to, t
38、he coldlimit of the temperature range desired. At least two additionaltests shall be distributed somewhere evenly over the rest of thetemperature range9.4 Surface Burning Characteristics Test in accordancewith Test Method E84 using the specimen preparation andmounting method of Practice E 2231. For
39、Canada, test inaccordance with Test Method CAN/ULCS10207.9.5 Non-combustibilityIf required for the particular appli-cation, test in accordance with Test Method E 136.9.6 Compressive ResistanceTest in accordance with TestMethod C 165.9.7 Water Vapor SorptionTest in accordance with TestMethod C 1104/C
40、 1104M.9.8 Corrosiveness to SteelTest in accordance with Speci-fication C 665, Subsection 13.8 on Corrosiveness.9.9 Stress Corrosion Performance for Use on AusteniticStainless SteelWhen requested, test in accordance withSpecification C 795.10. Qualification Requirements10.1 Unless otherwise specifie
41、d, the following requirementsshall be employed for the purpose of initial material or productqualification after application on a particular job.10.1.1 Maximum use temperature.10.1.2 Thickness.10.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity at four or more meantemperatures over the range of expected temperatur
42、e use.10.1.4 Linear shrinkage.10.1.5 Surface burning characteristics.10.1.6 Compressive resistance.10.1.7 Water vapor sorption.10.1.8 Corrosiveness.10.1.9 Non-combustibility (if required for the particularapplication).11. Inspection and Acceptance of Installed Insulation11.1 Unless otherwise specifi
43、ed, the following requirementsshall be employed for the purposes of acceptance sampling ofan application:11.1.1 Density, 8 lb/ft3(128 kg/m3) 6 10%.11.1.2 Thickness, within 6 10% of specified.11.1.3 Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance .12. Acceptance or Rejection12.1 If inspection of the samples prep
44、ared at the site of theapplication shows failure to conform to the requirements of thespecification, a second sampling from the same lot shall betested and the results of this retest averaged with the results ofthe original test.12.1.1 Upon retest as described in 12.1, failure to conformto this spec
45、ification shall constitute grounds for rejection.12.1.2 In case of rejection, the manufacturer, supplier, orcontractor shall have the right to reinspect the rejected ship-ment and resubmit the lot after removal of that portion of theshipment not conforming to the specified requirements.C168508313. P
46、ackaging and Package Marking13.1 Material shall be delivered to the site in the approvedmanufacturers original and unopened packaging, bearing la-bels showing the type of material, brand name, labels asrequired, lot numbers, and the manufacturers name andaddress.14. Delivery and Storage14.1 Material
47、 shall be stored under cover in a dry and cleanlocation. Delivered materials that have been exposed to waterbefore use or are otherwise not suitable for insulation shall beremoved from the job site and replaced with acceptablematerials. The inorganic liquid binder shall be stored in afreezeprotected
48、 environment.15. Installation15.1 Pneumatically applied high-temperature insulation ma-terial shall be applied in conformance with the manufacturerswritten instructions and all applicable codes and standards.15.2 Material shall be applied within the acceptable instal-lation temperature limitation in
49、 accordance with the manufac-turers written instructions.16. Keywords16.1 cured; high-temperature fiber insulation; industrial ap-plications; pneumatically applied; refractory fibersASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard
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