1、Designation: C1708 11Standard Test Methods forSelf-leveling Mortars Containing Hydraulic Cements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1708; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods are appropriate to evaluate theperformance of self-leveling mortars containing hydrauliccements that are used to i
3、mprove the levelness, smoothness,and flatness of existing floors. These materials may be used asan underlayment to receive floor finishes, or as an overlaymentto serve as the wear surface. The self-leveling mortars coveredby these test methods consist of proprietary blends of hydrauliccements, along
4、 with fine aggregate, polymers, fillers, and otheradditives.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combin
5、ing values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI unitsbecause the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WarningFreshhydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may causechemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)22. Referenced
7、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC191 Test
8、 Methods for Time of Setting of HydraulicCement by Vicat NeedleC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC348 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-Cement MortarsC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determinationof Length Change of
9、 Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC778 Specification for SandC928/C928M Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete RepairsC1005 Specification for Ref
10、erence Masses and Devices forDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1107/C1107M Specification for Packaged Dry, Hydraulic-Cement Grout (Nonshrink)E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1
11、 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in these testmethods, refer to Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flow, nof self-leveling mortars, the ability of afreshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar to spread under its ownweight.3.2.2 healing, nthe ability of a self-
12、leveling mortar toreturn to its original state of levelness and smoothness afterbeing disturbed.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and ConcreteAggregates and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.43 on Packaged Dry Combined Materials.Current ed
13、ition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. DOI:10.1520/C1708-11.2Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servi
14、ceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 mortar, self-leveling, nmortar containing hydrauli
15、ccement that, in the fresh state, exhibits flow sufficient to seekgravitational leveling.3.2.4 overlayment, nin flooring, a layer of material usu-ally placed upon the sub-floor that provides a smooth, evensurface to be left exposed as the wear surface of the floor.3.2.5 time, healing, nthe period of
16、 time from initialcontact of a self-leveling mortar with mixing water just prior tothe time at which the self-leveling mortar no longer heals butinstead leaves a visible indentation or ridge in the surface afterbeing disturbed.3.2.6 time, starting, nof self-leveling mortars, the timewhen water is br
17、ought into contact with the dry ingredients ofa self-leveling mortar.3.2.7 underlayment, nin flooring, a layer of materialusually placed upon the sub-floor that provides a smooth, evenbase for flooring.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test methods in this standard are used to evaluatefreshly mixed pro
18、perties such as the initial flow, flow retention,and healing time as well as hardened properties such ascompressive strength, setting time, and flexural strength, ofself-leveling mortars.4.2 Tests are conducted under standardized conditions forcomparative purposes and results are not intended to ber
19、epresentative of performance under field conditions.5. Standard Laboratory Conditions5.1 Unless otherwise specified, curing and testing of speci-mens shall be conducted at standard laboratory conditionswhich are defined as 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F and therelative humidity of the laboratory shall be
20、 not less that 50 %.For optional tests at the manufacturers stated temperatureextremes, the curing and testing temperatures must be within62.0 C 63.5 F of the stated extreme temperatures.6. Sampling6.1 Sample according to the Sampling section of Specifica-tion C1107/C1107M.7. Mixing7.1 Apparatus7.1.
21、1 Use the mixer and scraper as specified in PracticeC305. The standard batch size is 3000 g (See Note 1)ofdryself-leveling mortar. Use a splash guard to prevent excessivesplashing.WarningThe clearances between the paddle and the bowlspecified in Practice C305 are suitable when using mortar madewith
22、standard sand as described in Specification C778.Topermit the mixer to operate freely and to avoid serious damageto the paddle and bowl when coarser aggregates are used, itmay be necessary to set the clearance adjustment bracket toprovide greater clearances than those specified in 4.1 ofPractice C30
23、5.7.1.2 Weighing devices used in determining the mass ofmaterials shall conform to Specification C1005.7.1.3 A timer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60 min.NOTE 1This batch size is used for self-leveling mortars with a typicalfreshly mixed density of approximately 1920 kg/m3120 lb/ft3. Adju
24、stthe batch size as needed to accommodate densities significantly differentfrom the typical value.7.2 Procedure7.2.1 Mix the self-leveling mortar with liquid as prescribedby the manufacturer.7.2.2 Add the entire quantity of mixing liquid to the bowl.Start the mixer on speed 1 and start the timer. Mi
25、x times are tobe observed within 65 s of the recommended times.7.2.3 Add the dry self-leveling mortar to the mixer whilemixing at speed 1 during the first 30 s. (0-30 s on timer)7.2.4 Mix for an additional 30 s period, at speed 1. (30-60 son timer)7.2.5 Stop the mixer and quickly scrape down into th
26、e batchany mortar that may have collected on the side of the bowl orblade. This must be completed within 30 s (60-90 s on timer)7.2.6 Mix at speed 2 for 240 s. (90-330 s on timer)7.2.7 In any case requiring a remixing interval, any mortaradhering to the side of the bowl shall be quickly scraped down
27、into the batch with the scraper prior to remixing.8. Initial Flow, Flow Retention, and Healing Time8.1 ScopeThis test method measures the flow of freshly-mixed, self-leveling mortar by releasing it from a rigid tubeafter a given time. The diameter of the spread mixture ismeasured after a specified t
28、ime. Flow retention is measured byrepeating the test on aged material.8.2 Significance and UseThe flow of a self-levelingmortar is a measure of its placeability. Establishing an accept-able flow range for the self-leveling mortar is critical to theproper use of the self-leveling mortar. If the flow
29、is too low, theself-leveling mortar will not be self-leveling and if the flow istoo high, the designed properties of the self-leveling mortarwill be compromised. A proper flow range must be establishedin order to determine the proper water content to use whenevaluating the physical properties of the
30、 mortar. The flowretention and healing time provide an indication of the usefulworking time of the mortar.8.3 Apparatus8.3.1 Flow Ring: A tube made of smooth, non-corrosivematerial of 30.0 6 0.1mm 114 6116 in. internal diameter and50.0 6 0.1 mm 2 6116 in. high.8.3.2 A clean, dry 400 3 400 3 6 mm 16
31、in. 3 16 in. 314 in. square glass plate.8.3.3 A timer accurate to 1 s with a range of at least 60 min.8.3.4 A length-measuring device such as a ruler or tapemeasure divided into 1 mm 116 in. divisions at least 300 mm12 in. long.8.3.5 Rectangular pan with inside dimensions of at least 210mm 3 210 mm
32、812 3 812 in. with a nominal depth of at least9mm38 in. made of metal or glass not attacked by theself-leveling mortar.8.3.6 A metal bar 6 mm 14 in. thick, with square edges,and at least 150 mm 6 in. long.NOTE 2The side of a mold used to prepare specimens for Test MethodC157/C157M is acceptable for
33、this purpose.8.4 ProcedureC1708 1128.4.1 Initial Flow:8.4.1.1 Place the flow ring centrally on the glass plate andplace this assembly on a firm horizontal surface not to departfrom horizontal by more than 0.5 (approximately equivalentto 1 mm in 100 mm 0.12 in. in 12 in.).8.4.1.2 Within 30 s from the
34、 completion of mixing, com-pletely fill the flow ring, immediately lift the flow ring andsimultaneously start the timer. Lift the flow ring from the glassplate in a vertical direction to a height of 50 to 100 mm 2 to4 in. within 2 s and allow the material to empty from the ringonto the glass plate.8
35、.4.1.3 Allow the mortar to spread for 240 6 10 s andmeasure the diameter of the spread in two directions at rightangles using the length-measuring device. Record the averagediameter as the initial flow of the self-leveling material.8.4.1.4 Report the initial flow, mm in.8.4.2 Flow Retention:8.4.2.1
36、Repeat the flow test at 20 min and 30 min from thestarting time and record the flow. Remix the material by usingthe Practice C305 mixer, speed 1, for 5 to 10 s before filling theflow ring.8.4.2.2 Report the flow retention at 20 min and 30 min.NOTE 3Self-leveling mortars with flow retention times eit
37、her shorteror longer than 20-30 min reported in 8.4.2.2 may be measured atappropriate 10 min intervals until material no longer flows out of the flowring.NOTE 4An alternate procedure for flow retention is to fill three flowrings after the completion of mixing. The first ring is lifted immediatelyand
38、 the second and third rings are lifted at 20 min and 30 min respectivelyfrom the starting time. This procedure is not recommended as the primarymethod of measuring flow retention but may be used to provide additionalinformation about the behavior of the material in a completely undisturbedcondition.
39、 The precision of this method is included in section 10.1.2.1 (2).8.4.3 Healing Time:8.4.3.1 Place the pan on a level, vibration free surface.8.4.3.2 Upon completion of mixing, pour self-leveling mor-tar into the pan until a thickness of 6 61mm14 6116 in. isobtained.8.4.3.3 Start making a full-depth
40、 cut in the test specimen, at10 min from the starting time using the 6 mm 14 in. thickmetal bar. Hold the bar at approximately a 45 angle. Start atthe far side of the pan about 25 mm 1 in. from the left edgeof the pan. Pull the bar smoothly through the mix stopping atthe near edge of the pan. Comple
41、te the cut in approximately 5to 10 s.8.4.3.4 Continue making cuts every 5 min until the materialno longer heals. Each cut shall be made about 25 mm 1 in. tothe right of the previous cut.8.4.3.5 Allow the specimen to cure overnight before ratinghealing time.8.4.3.6 Healing time is determined by both
42、touching andobserving the cuts made the previous day. If there is an obviousridge or indentation in the cut, the material is not healing (seedefinition). Make observations near the center of the cutsavoiding areas near the edge of the pan.8.4.3.7 Report the healing time as the longest time for which
43、no obvious indentation or ridge is observed.9. Physical Properties9.1 The following test methods are used to characterize thetime of setting, strength and dimensional stability of theself-leveling mortar and will require several batches to com-plete the testing. In order to ensure valid comparisons,
44、 all testsshall be conducted at the same water content. The correct watercontent shall be established by using an initial trial batch forthat purpose. Water content shall be adjusted to achieve a flowof from 125 to 150 mm 5 to 6 in. or as otherwise specified bythe manufacturer. The trial batch shall
45、 not be used for specimenpreparation. It will then be necessary to mix additional batchesof material using the same amount of water as the establishedfor the trial batch. Always use freshly mixed material for eachtest.9.2 Setting Time9.2.1 ScopeThis method covers the determination of thetime of init
46、ial setting and time of final setting of self-levelingmortars using the Vicat apparatus. Either procedure A or B asdefined in Test Method C191 is acceptable.9.2.2 Significance and UseThis test method determinesthe setting time of self-leveling mortars mixed to the normalplacement consistency as defi
47、ned in 9.1. Special precautionsare taken to ensure a proper seal around the Vicat ring.9.2.3 ApparatusVicat Apparatus, in accordance with TestMethod C191.9.2.4 Test SampleThe test sample shall consist of at least300 mL of self-leveling mortar taken from a freshly-mixedbatch prepared in accordance wi
48、th 7.2.9.2.5 Procedure:9.2.5.1 Seal the Vicat ring to the base plate in one of thefollowing ways:(1) Sealing wax method: Warm the Vicat conical ring andbase plate to approximately 100 C 212 F. Apply a thin filmof paraffin wax to the base of the conical ring and place thewaxed conical ring on the bas
49、e plate. Place a weight on theconical ring to ensure intimate contact with the base plate andallow the conical ring and plate to cool to room temperature.(2) Lubricant method: Use silicone high-vacuum grease orother suitable method of sealing the ring to the glass plate sothat no bleed water escapes at the bottom of the ring.9.2.5.2 Fill the conical ring apparatus with freshly mixedself-leveling mortar flush with its top within 2 min aftercompletion of mixing. Strike off flush with the top of theconi
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