1、Designation: C1710 11Standard Guide forInstallation of Flexible Closed Cell Preformed Insulation inTube and Sheet Form1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers recommended installation techniquesfor flexible closed cell pre-formed insulation in tube or
3、sheetform. This guide is applicable to materials manufactured inaccordance with Specification C534 (Elastomeric based insu-lation) or Specification C1427 (polyolefin based insulation).The materials covered in this guide encompass a servicetemperature of -297F to 300F ( -183C to 150 C) asindicated in
4、 the material specifications referenced above. Manyof the recommendations made are specific to below ambientapplications only.1.2 The purpose of this guide is to optimize the thermalperformance and longevity of installed closed cell flexibleinsulation systems. By following this guide, the owner, and
5、designer can expect to achieve the energy savings expected andprevention of condensation under the specified design condi-tions. This document is limited to installation procedures anddoes not encompass system design.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values
6、 given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establ
7、ish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC534 Specification for Preformed Flexible Elastomeric Cel-lular Thermal Insulation in Sheet a
8、nd Tubular FormC585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of ThermalInsulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC1427 Specification for Extruded Preformed Flexible Cel-lular Polyolefin Thermal Insulation in Sheet and TubularForm2.2 Other Standards:National Commerical, Industrial Insulation Stand
9、ards(MICA Manual)3ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals Chapter 26)4ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration Chapter 33)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:C168 shall be considered as applying to the terms in thisspecification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 seamsLongitudinal or horizontal cross-s
10、ectionswhere insulation meets and must be adhered to itself or othersystem components.3.2.2 butt jointsCross-sections where two pieces of tubu-lar or sheet insulation must be adhered to itself or other systemcomponents.3.2.3 vapor (water) stopsLocations / methods to preventwater or water vapor from
11、traveling into or down a tubular pipesection.3.2.4 sleeving/multi layeringApplying another layer ofinsulation over the first layer. This process is used when theinsulation thickness required is greater than that which iscommercially available. This technique is also employed whenproper installation
12、practice requires multiple layers and orstaggered joint application, even if a single layer thickness isavailable.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Proper insulation thickness shall be installed as specifiedand not compromised. The integrity of the insulation systemshall be maintained throughout the applicatio
13、n. Never pull orstretch insulation, always push or over-size insulation.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Origin
14、allyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C171009.DOI:10.1520/C171011.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
15、ummary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from MICA (Midwest Insulation Contractors Association) 16712Elm Circle, Omaha, NE 68130. http:/www.micainsulation.org.4Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta,
16、GA30329, http:/www.ashrae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 All seams, butt joints, cutouts and termination pointsshall be sealed with a manufacturers approved adhesive toprevent air/moisture intrusion. For belo
17、w ambient applications,install vapor stops at all insulation terminations or interrup-tions, such as at supports, valves and flanges by adhering theinsulation directly to the pipe using a 2 in. (50 mm) strip ofcontact adhesive or sealant to maintain closure. Insulation tapecan also be used for this
18、purpose. On straight runs, install vaporstops every 18 ft (5.4 m) to minimize moisture problems if theyoccur.4.3 Specific product Manufacturers recommended instal-lation practices shall be used in all cases.4.4 Product should be applied to clean, dry surfaces. If thesystem is operating, additional s
19、teps may be needed to insure aproper installation.4.5 A coating, jacket, cladding or appropriate protectionshall be used where mechanical abuse or damage is expected.Outdoor applications may require special consideration referto the manufacturers recommendations.4.6 For satisfactory performance, pro
20、perly installed protec-tive vapor retarders/barriers and vapor stops must be used onhigh relative humidity and below ambient temperature appli-cations to reduce movement of moisture through or around theinsulation to the colder interior surface.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide applies to flexib
21、le closed cell insulationtubing and sheet materials manufactured according to Specifi-cation C534 and Specification C1427. This standard is in-tended to provide a basic guide for installing these types ofmaterials.5.2 Confirm application use temperature is consistent withspecified use temperature fo
22、r material as defined in ASTMSpecifications unless otherwise agreed upon with the manufac-turer. There are different grades for each of the insulation typesreferred to in this guide, material and grade installed should bethat specified.5.3 This guide is not intended to cover all aspects associatedwi
23、th installation for all applications, consult the National,Commercial Industrial Insulation Standards (MICAManual) orthe specific product manufacturer for recommendations, orboth. (See ASHRAE Handbook (Fundamentals Chapter 26)and ASHRAE Handbook (Refrigeration Chapter 33)6. Workmanship, Finish and A
24、ppearance6.1 The insulation shall have no visible defects that willadversely affect its performance or appearance. Materials shallbe kept clean and dry until used. Use good quality tools at alltimes. Ensure cleanliness of insulation products, pipe work,vessels, fittings and tools. Avoid dust, dirt,
25、oil or water onsurfaces and equipment. It is recommended to apply insulationto a system which is not in operation. If insulation must beapplied to a system that is operating, special precautions mustbe taken to prevent condensation from being trapped in theinsulation envelope. Never stretch insulati
26、on to fit. Specifieddimensions for the inner diameter (ID) and wall thickness shallbe adhered to.7. Dimensional Tolerances7.1 Dimensions for the ID, wall and length shall conform totolerances published by the manufacturer and or applicableASTM standards, for example Specifications C534, C1427 andPra
27、ctice C585.8. General Installation Recommendations8.1 All seams, butt joints, cut outs and termination pointsshould be sealed with a manufacturers approved system.External taping of seams is not recommended as an exclusivemethod of sealing joints or seams for below ambient systems.Approved adhesives
28、 can be: contact adhesives, spray adhesivesor pressure sensitive adhesives. Water based adhesives are notrecommended because of their slow drying time which causesthem to pull apart. Adhesives should be applied according tomanufacturers recommendations. A thinner layer of adhesiveis best, with 100%
29、coverage on both surfaces. Always keepadhesives stirred thoroughly.Allow solvents to dissipate beforecombining two surfaces. This will be determined by time,temperature and adhesive type. Ensure all seams are aligned,tight, and are completely sealed.8.2 The specified insulation thickness should be m
30、aintainedthroughout the installation. When using unslit tubular insula-tion on pipe work being installed, the insulation should beslid/pushed on the pipe, never pulled as this will stretch andthin the insulation. The insulation is not to be stretched to fit.All insulation should be installed under s
31、light compression toensure a snug fit. Accommodations need to be made to preventthe insulation from being compressed by weight; that is, pipehangers. For applications where the pipe work is alreadyinstalled, the insulation must be slit and adhesive applied orpre-slit/pre-glued insulation used.8.3 In
32、stall insulation on systems that are dry, at roomtemperature and already pressure tested.8.4 Use miter boxes or templates for making accurate cuts.See Fig. 1. Keep to correct dimensions. Do not cut theinsulation short and stretch it to fit the space.8.5 Slide insulation on straight piping runs whene
33、ver pos-sible to reduce seams. If insulation must be slit to apply topiping, slit in a straight line. On large ID insulation where thematerial may be oval shaped, slit along the flat side (top orbottom) not along the edge for a better fitting seam. Refer to8.2.9. Hazards9.1 Use good quality tools an
34、d keep working area andmaterials clean. Keep cutting tools sharp. Recommend non-serrated edged steel knife which can be sharpened.9.2 Use appropriate protective equipment, that is. Safetyglasses and safe practices when installing the material.9.3 Provide suitable ventilation when working with solven
35、tbased adhesives.10. Recommendations for Specific Installation Situations10.1 Straight Pipe Section unjoinedSlide insulationalong the pipe work for straight runs. Seal all butt joints, cutouts and termination points. See Fig. 2.10.1.1 Slit tube in a straight line (Fig. 3). Apply a thin brushcoat of
36、contact adhesive to each seam. Slip the insulation overC1710 112the pipe. Allow adhesive to properly set and press seamstogether at each end working toward the center. Seal all buttjoints, cut outs and termination points with adhesive.10.1.2 Use pre-slit/pre-glued insulation. (Insulation pre-slitwit
37、h factory applied pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA). SeeFig. 4. Be sure application temperature and manufacturersinstallation temperature recommendations are in accordance.10.2 90 elbows:NOTE 1As an alternative to field fabricated fittings, factory manufac-tured fittings are available for many confi
38、gurations.10.2.1 Fabricate 90 elbows from straight tubing. Cut theinsulation at 45 angle. Reverse the pieces by 180 to eachother. See Fig. 5. Apply contact adhesive to both faces andpress firmly together when properly set. Slit open the formedbend by cutting through the throat or heel of fitting. Ap
39、plybrush coat of contact adhesive to both longitudinal seams of thefabricated fitting. Place over bend and press seams firmlytogether. See Fig. 6.10.2.2 Optional (but not optimal) MethodSlide insulationaround 90. The product should be pushed, not pulled aroundthe 90. Although sliding the insulation
40、around a 90 is atechnique that is used in the field, it is not recommended as theinsulation thickness will be compromised (thinned) and con-densation may occur on the outside edge as a result.10.3 Tee and ValveFabricate tee by cutting a V notch(45; cut ) from straight section. Cut end of adjoining p
41、iece at45 angle to fit into notch of section above. Apply contactadhesive to all cut faces, when properly dried, press fitinsulation sections firmly together. Slit open the completedfitting section, apply contact adhesive to all exposed insulationFIG. 1 USE Miter Box For Making CutsFIG. 2 Apply Adhe
42、sive to all Butt Joints Installed/Existing Pipe WorkC1710 113wall faces, place cover over tee when adhesive is properly setand apply pressure to bond the fitting insulation. See Fig. 7.10.4 FittingsThere are several types of fittings: pipefittings, screwed tee piece fittings (see Fig. 8)10.4.1 Valve
43、sIn all cases, insulate as close to the fitting orvalve as possible with straight tubing. Then insulate over oraround the fitting or valve by sleeving appropriately sizedinsulation or flat sheet over the straight sections to create thecorrect build up of insulation. Seal all cutouts by adhering thei
44、nsulation ( with contact adhesive) to the pipe or body beinginsulated to prevent air (with moisture) or condensation intru-sion into the system. See Figures Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.10.5 Large Diameter PipeLarge diameter pipe can beinsulated with flat sheet. Refer to Fig. 10. Determine circum-ference of pi
45、pe ( circumference = ) x diameter + 1in.(25mm).Cut sheet to fit the circumference of pipe. Applybrush coat of contact adhesive to all insulation edges to bejoined and sealed. Place insulation around pipe and firmlypress seams together starting from the ends and workingtoward the center. Apply adhesi
46、ve to butt ends and pressadjoining straight insulation sections to fitting cover. On largepipe 12 in. (30 cm) or greater apply adhesive to the bottom13of pipe to adhere insulation to pipe to prevent any sagging ofinsulation. Sheet can also be used to fabricate large diameterelbows and other fittings
47、.10.6 Brazed FittingsWhen brazing pipe joints or fittings,ease insulation back along the pipe by 12in. ( 30 cm) on eachside of joint and restrain with clamps. When the brazed jointhas fully cooled, apply a brush coat of adhesive to butt ends,when properly set press joints together. See Fig. 11.10.7
48、Pipe Hangers and Other Pressure PointsPipe Hang-ers or pressure points create a situation where the insulationcan be compressed. Various techniques can be used to alleviatethe insulation from being compressed; Wooden dowels can beused to form a tripod (load bearing)to lift the pipe off theinsulation
49、. See Fig. 12. Hanger insulation supports also knownas Saddles can be used to spread the weight of the pipe over alarge area and to compensate for movement in the pipingsystem but does not totally alleviate the issue of compressingthe insulation (reducing the wall thickness) which may result inthe formation of condensation.10.8 Tanks and VesselsSheet or roll insulation can be usedto insulate tanks and vessels. See Fig. 13. Draw up a workschedule of the sizes needed to complete the job. Calculate themost efficient lay out available
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