1、Designation: C1716/C1716M 14C1716/C1716M 16Standard Specification forCompression Testing Machine Requirements for ConcreteMasonry Units, Related Units, and Prisms1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1716/C1716M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of o
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification provides minimum design standards for te
3、sting machines used to measure the compressive strength ofconcrete masonry units, related units, and masonry prisms covered under Test Methods C140 and C1314.1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in
4、tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.3 This specification shall be used to determine the maximum allowable specimen size and the maximum allowable load limitson a specific specimen for any test machine. These limits are based on deflection of the bearing sur
5、faces and the machine loadframe. These limits may not reflect the actual capacity of the machine and do not supersede the machine manufacturersrecommended operational limits. The user must determine if testing machine capacities, allowable specimen size and maximumallowable load are appropriate for
6、the sample to be tested.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may resu
7、lt in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatoryli
8、mitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for MasonryC1314 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Masonry PrismsE4 Practices for Force Veri
9、fication of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 bearing, adjdirect contact with the specimen being tested, as in bearing plate, bearing block, and bearing platen.3.1.2 block, nsteel piece 50 mm 2 in. thick or greater that provides additional load capacity in bending to platens.3.1.2.
10、1 DiscussionBlocks may be used to accommodate testing specimens of various heights in a testing machine.3.1.3 composite, adjmade up of two or more pieces or materials.3.1.4 load frame, nall components of the testing machine that react against forces applied to the test specimen during testing.1 This
11、 specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 onResearch.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014June 1, 2016. Published December 2014July 2016. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition appr
12、oved in 20122014 asC1716/C1716M 12.C1716/C1716M 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1716_C1716M-14.10.1520/C1716_C1716M-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard
13、s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,
14、ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
15、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.5 plate, nsteel piece less than 50 mm 2 in. thick.3.1.5.1 DiscussionPlates are used to accommodate test specimens of various heights in a testing machine but do not provide additional load capacityin bending to platens or blocks. Plate
16、s can also be used as bearing surfaces.3.1.6 platen, nthe primary bearing surfaces of the testing machine.3.1.6.1 DiscussionPlaten is a general term without specific properties implied. In general, the lower platen is semi-permanently fixed to the testingmachine and the upper platen is semi-permanen
17、tly fixed to a hemispherical thrust bearing.3.1.7 spacer, nplates, blocks, or equipment and fixtures specific to a testing machine, used to adjust the position of bearingsurfaces to accommodate test specimens.NOTE 1Plates, blocks or platens used in bearing must be hardened. Spacers do not have to be
18、 hardened. Blocks are structural while plates are not.4. Testing Machine Requirements4.1 Machine Loading Requirements:4.1.1 The testing machine must be power operated and apply the load continuously, rather than intermittently, and withoutshock.4.1.2 The machine must be capable of maintaining specif
19、ic loading rates required by the test. Variations in the loading rate overthe elastic portion of the test shall not exceed 620 % of the set loading rate.4.1.3 The testing machine must be capable of a minimum of 50 mm 2 in. of continuous travel or displacement to accommodatepositioning and testing of
20、 a specimen.4.2 Gauges and DisplaysGauges and displays indicating loads shall meet the requirements of Practices E4, except in no caseshall the verified force range include forces less than 100 times the resolution of the force indicator.4.3 AccuracyThe accuracy and calibration of the testing machin
21、e shall meet the requirements of Practices E4, except thetesting machine shall be calibrated at the frequency prescribed in Practice C1093.4.4 Load Frame:4.4.1 Load frames shall have a minimum lateral stiffness of 18 106 N/m 10 104 lb/in., and a longitudinal stiffness of 18 108 N/m 10 106 lb/in.4.4.
22、2 Differential longitudinal strain of the load frame due to an eccentric loading shall be limited to 0.0001 mm/mm 0.0001in./in. at the maximum capacity of the machine or the rated capacity of the specific test setup. Eccentricity of the load shall beconsidered as 5 % of the maximum width of the spec
23、imen. See Appendix X1 for a discussion on allowable longitudinal strain andmachine capacity.NOTE 2In testing machines with significant differences in lateral stiffness, the center of mass and center of effort shall lie on the axis perpendicularto the axis of maximum lateral stiffness (see Fig. A1.3X
24、1.1). Test specimen centroid of compressive strength may not coincide with its centroid of mass.Test specimen section aspect ratio affects measured compressive strength but not mass.4.4.3 If the design of the load frame makes it an integral part of the support against deflection for platens, blocks,
25、 or testingheads, the specific parts of the load frame supporting platens, blocks, or testing heads shall meet the requirements of 4.9 forflatness, finish, and materials.4.4.4 Testing machines with fixed geometry frames and adjustable geometry frames are permitted.4.5 Plates, Blocks, and Platens:4.5
26、.1 Plates, blocks, and platens shall meet requirements of 4.9 for flatness and surface finish. Surface treatments or plating toreduce corrosion is permitted.4.5.2 Spacer PlateAone piece steel plate, less than 50 mm 2 in. in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm 0.45 in. in thickness.Spacer plates shall
27、 not be used in direct contact with the test specimen. Spacer plates provide no additional load capacity in bendingto platens or blocks.4.5.3 Bearing PlateA one piece hardened steel plate, less than 50 mm 2 in. in thickness and greater than 11.5 mm 0.45 in.in thickness. Bearing plates provide a bear
28、ing surface in direct contact with a test specimen. Bearing plates provide no additionalload capacity in bending to platens or blocks.4.5.4 Spacer BlockA one piece steel plate, 50 mm 2 in. in thickness or greater. Spacer blocks shall not be used in directcontact with the test specimen.4.5.5 Bearing
29、BlockA one piece hardened steel plate, 50 mm 2 in. in thickness or greater, that provides a bearing surfacein direct contact with a test specimen. Bearing blocks provide additional load capacity in bending to platens or blocks.C1716/C1716M 1624.5.6 PlatenA one piece steel plate, at least 25 mm 1 in.
30、 thick when new and at least 22 mm 0.9 in. thick when in service.Platens may be unhardened if they are not used for bearing.NOTE 3Platens 50 mm 2 in. thick or greater act as blocks and bearing capacities in bending are calculated accordingly.4.6 Spacers:4.6.1 Spacers and bearing plates are permitted
31、. Plates, blocks, and spacers are used to adjust the position of bearing surfacesto accommodate test specimens.NOTE 4Plates and blocks are usually placed between the upper and lower platens to accommodate specimen size while spacers are usually placedbetween testing heads and the frame of the testin
32、g machine.4.6.2 Spacers excluding those provided by the testing machine manufacturer must be constructed of steel.4.6.3 Non-ferrous and composite spacers, provided by the testing machine manufacturer, used between the upper testing headand the lower platen shall have their load capacity clearly indi
33、cated on the spacer and shall be used with a block or bearing blockbetween the spacer and the test specimen.NOTE 5The block may be integral to the design of a composite spacer.4.6.4 Spacers placed between the lower platen and lower bearing block must be a minimum of 6 mm 0.25 in. wider and 6 mm0.25
34、in. longer than the effective bearing area of the lower platen required for the test, or the length and width of the platen,whichever is smaller.4.6.5 Spacers used between the upper and lower platen must meet all requirements of 4.9 for flatness and surface finish.4.7 Hemispherical Head Design:4.7.1
35、 The upper platen or bearing surface of the testing machine shall be supported with a hemispherical thrust bearing to allowsmall angular movement of the bearing surface.NOTE 6The preferred design includes a socket and ball hemispherical section semi-permanently or permanently attached to a single be
36、aring blockor platen.4.7.2 The ball and the socket shall be designed so that the steel in the contact area of the hemispherical bearing does notpermanently deform when loaded to the capacity of the testing machine or the rated load of the testing head.4.7.3 The curved surfaces of the hemispherical b
37、earing surface shall be kept clean and shall be lubricated with petroleum-typeoil such as conventional motor oil and not with grease.NOTE 7After contacting the specimen and application of small initial load, further tilting of the spherically seated block is neither intended nordesirable. Spherical
38、bearing blocks that rotate under load may reduce measured strengths.4.7.4 The upper bearing surface and its attachment to the spherical seat shall be such that the bearing face can be rotated freelyat least 2 in any direction perpendicular to the axis of loading.4.7.5 Close contact of the hemispheri
39、cal bearing surfaces is preferred. Testing head designs with the surfaces not held in closecontact at all times shall have suitable alignment fixtures to assure the hemispherical bearing surfaces contact with lateral motionless than 0.75 mm 0.03 in.4.7.6 The radius of the hemispherical bearing shall
40、 not extend beyond the bearing face of the upper platen or bearing block.4.7.7 Hemispherical bearings utilizing non-integral construction shall be designed to withstand lateral loads up to 7 % of themaximum rated capacity of the testing head. Non-integral construction for hemispherical bearings are
41、those bearing heads with theconvex hemispherical bearing section mechanically connected to the bearing block or upper platen, rather than those machinedfrom a single piece of steel.4.7.8 If any portion of the upper platen is less than 50 mm 2 in. thick, that portion shall be considered a spacer for
42、calculationsof deflection under load. In a hemispherical head utilizing non-integral construction, the hemispherical bearing portion shall beexempt from this requirement.4.7.9 The bearing surface shall be designed to meet the requirements of 4.10 for deflection under load.4.8 Lower Platen Design:4.8
43、.1 If the lower platen is the primary bearing surface, the bearing surface shall be designed to meet the requirements of 4.10for deflection under load.4.8.2 If any portion of the lower platen is less than 50 mm 2 in. thick, it shall be considered a spacer for calculations ofdeflection under load.4.9
44、 Prescriptive Design Requirements for Blocks and Platens:4.9.1 The working surfaces of blocks, plates and platens shall be finished to better than RMS (root mean square) 63. Bearingsurfaces shall be finished to RMS 30 or better. Top and bottom surfaces must be parallel within 60.0005 mm/mm 0.0005 in
45、./in.on plates less than 50 mm 2 in. thick and 60.0010 mm/mm 0.0010 in.in. on platens and blocks 50 mm 2 in. or greater inthickness.4.9.2 The length and width of bearing blocks, plates, and platens shall be a minimum of 6 mm 0.25 in. larger than the lengthand width of the test specimen, respectively
46、.C1716/C1716M 1634.9.3 Any surface within 1.2 mm 0.05 in. of an edge is exempt from finish and flatness requirements.4.9.4 Side surfaces not intended for loading are excluded from finish requirements.4.9.5 Surfaces shall be flat within 60.0125 mm in 150 mm 0.0005 in. in 6 in. In addition, the entire
47、 surface excluding theedges must be flat within 60.025 mm 0.001 in. If a bearing surface is rated to a maximum specimen size, the flatness toleranceapplies to the rated working area and the rated size must be clearly indicated on the front of the plate, block, or platen. The ratedworking area shall
48、meet the requirements of 4.9.2.NOTE 8Compliance with flatness tolerances can be determined using a suitable straight edge and feeler gauge. A 0.025-mm 0.001-in. feeler gageshould be a no-go gage under a 150-mm 6-in. straight edge on any portion of the working area. A 0.075-mm 0.003-in. feeler gauge
49、should be a no-gogauge under a straight edge spanning any portion of the rated working area. The 0.075-mm 0.003-in. feeler gauge is slightly oversized to allow for theaccuracy of straight edges over 300 mm 12 in. in length. Other suitable methods may be used.4.9.6 All surfaces used in bearing must be hardened to a minimum of 55 HRC (HB 560). Surface treatments such as platingshall not be used to comply with the surface hardness requirements. Plates and blocks with one beari
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