1、Designation: C1744 10Standard Practice forInstallation and Use of Radiant Barrier Systems (RBS) inCommercial/Industrial Building Construction1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1744; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice has been prepared for use by the designer,specifier, builder, and the inst
3、aller of radiant barrier systems(RBS) for use in commercial/industrial building constructionnot otherwise restricted from use. The scope is limited torecommendations relative to the use and installation of RBS,including a surface(s) normally having an emittance of 0.1 orless, such as metallic foil o
4、r metallic foil deposits, mounted onsubstrates. Some examples that this practice is intended toaddress include: (1) low-emittance surfaces in vented buildingenvelope cavities intended to retard radiant transfer across theairspace: (2) low-emittance surfaces at interior building sur-faces intended to
5、 retard radiant transfer to, or from, buildinginhabitants; and (3) low-emittance surface at interior buildingsurfaces intended to reduce radiant transfer to, or from, radiantheating or cooling systems.1.2 This practice covers the installation process from pre-installation inspection through the post
6、-installation procedure.It does not cover the production of the radiant barrier materials.(See Specification C1313.)1.3 This practice is not intended to replace the manufactur-ers installation instructions but shall be used in conjunctionwith such instructions. This practice is not intended to super
7、-cede local, state, federal, or international codes.1.4 This practice assumes that the installer possesses a goodworking knowledge of the applicable codes and regulations,safety practices, tools, equipment, and methods necessary forinstallation of radiant barrier materials. It also assumes that thei
8、nstaller understands the fundamentals of commercial/industrial building construction that affect the installation ofRBS.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information o
9、nlyand are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limit
10、ations prior to use. For specificprecautionary statements see Sections 5 and 7.1.6.1 When the installation or use of radiant barrier mate-rials, accessories, and systems may pose safety or healthproblems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriatecurrent information regarding any known prob
11、lems associatedwith the recommended use of the companys products and shallalso recommend protective measures to be used in their sageutilization.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationC1313 Specification for Sheet Radiant Barriers for BuildingConstr
12、uction Applications2.2 NFPA Standards:3NFPA 54 National Fuel Gas CodeNFPA 211 Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces and Vents2.3 Other Document:4CPSC Product Safety Fact Sheet No. 18 “The Home Elec-trical System”3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this prac-tice, refer to Termi
13、nology C168.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 applicator, nperson or persons who apply radiantbarrier materials in buildings.3.2.2 conditioned space, nany space in a building that isserved by a heating or cooling system.3.2.3 girts, ntypically, 1 or 23 nominal lumber, installe
14、dover rafters or trusses, to be used for securing both the RBSand metal decking, which is used on wall assemblies forsecuring metal siding.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.21 on ReflectiveInsulati
15、on.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010. Published December 2010. DOI:10.1520/C174410.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summar
16、y page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.4Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 4330 EastWest Hwy., Bethesda, MD 20814, http:/www.cpsc.gov.1Copyright ASTM Internationa
17、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.4 open air space, nvented building cavity (for ex-ample, an open-ended wall or ceiling assembly) or a largeconditioned or unconditioned building space.3.2.4.1 DiscussionA large building space is defined asone
18、whose minimum dimension exceeds 2 ft (0.6 m).3.2.5 purlins, nsteel or wood structural members that areused to support the buildings primary structural load above thefloor.3.2.6 radiant barrier system, RBS, nbuilding constructionassembly consisting of a lowemittance (0.1 or less) surfacebounded by an
19、 open air space on one or both sides.3.2.6.1 DiscussionDiscussionAn RBS is used for thesole purpose of limiting heat transfer by radiation into or out ofa building assembly. An RBS is not specifically intended toreduce heat transfer by convection or conduction.3.2.7 subpurlins, nsecondary steel or w
20、ood structuralmembers that are used primarily to support the roofing andsiding of a building and may be identified as “Z purlins,” “Cchannel,” “I beams,” or other structural configurations basedon their cross-section appearance.3.2.8 thermal break, nlow-conductivity product such aswood or polystyren
21、e used to separate two higher conductivityproducts that may be metal in an effort to reduce heat gain orloss and prevent possible condensation problems.4. Significance and Use4.1 In this practice it is recognized that effectiveness, safety,and durability of an RBS depends not only on the quality of
22、thematerials, but also on their proper installation.4.2 Improper installation of an RBS will reduce the thermaleffectiveness, cause fire risks and other unsafe conditions, andpromote deterioration of the structure in which it is installed.Improper installations include fires caused by: (1) heat buil
23、dupin recessed lighting fixtures, (2) deterioration or failure ofelectrical wiring components, and (3) deterioration in woodstructures and paint failure as a result of moisture accumula-tion.4.3 This practice provides recommendations for the instal-lation of RBS products in a safe and effective mann
24、er. Actualconditions in existing buildings vary greatly and care shall betaken to ensure safe and effective installation.4.4 In this practice, requirements are presented that are bothgeneral and specific in nature and considered practical. Theyare not intended as specific recommendations unless so i
25、ndi-cated. The user shall consult the manufacturer for recom-mended application and installation methods. The require-ments in this practice shall be considered as the minimummaterial and installation requirements for RBS.5. Pre-Installation Inspection and Preparation5.1 The applicator shall wear pr
26、oper clothing and equipmentas recommended by the manufacturer and shall follow all local,state, and federal codes and safety regulations for buildingconstruction sites, for example, hard hats, safety gogglesrespiratory protection, and other safety items.6. Safety Precautions6.1 Pre-Installation Insp
27、ections: New and Retrofit Build-ings:6.1.1 Inspect the roof, wall, ceiling, and floor buildingmaterials, in both steel and wood structures, to identify areas inwhich previous or existing moisture problems have causedpaint peeling, lumber warpage, staining, rusting, corrosion,visible fungal growth, r
28、otting, or other structural damage. Donot install the RBS in such areas until the owner/builder hasbeen informed and has certified that these conditions have beencorrected and their source(s) eliminated.6.1.2 In areas where an RBS is to be installed, componentsof the electrical system shall be in go
29、od condition. If there isreason to believe the electrical system is faulty, do not installRBS in such areas until the owner/builder has been informedand qualified inspection and repair has been accomplished.NOTE 1The CPSC Product Safety Fact Sheet No. 18 has identified thefollowing signs of potentia
30、l electrical deficiencies: lights dimming, fusesblowing, circuit breakers tripping frequently, electrical sparks and glowingfrom receptacles, lights flickering, and cover plates on switches andoutlets that are warm or hot to the touch.6.1.3 In areas where an RBS is to be installed, the applicatorsha
31、ll locate and plan for installation around ventilation open-ings. The applicator shall not install RBS that will obstruct orblock existing ventilation openings, such as gable ends, dor-mers, ridge, off ridge, soffit vents, or any others.6.2 Preparations:6.2.1 All electrical wiring at, or near, radia
32、nt barrier mate-rial attachment surfaces shall be either moved, or protected, toensure that fasteners used to install the radiant barrier materialcannot contact the electrical wiring system.6.2.2 When soffit ventilation exists in wood frame construc-tion, and new or existing ceiling insulation will
33、be compro-mised by the installation of an RBS, vent baffles shall beinstalled at the soffits.7. Installation Guidelines7.1 Material Handling:7.1.1 The radiant barrier material shall be handled in accor-dance with the manufacturers instructions, shall be kept dry,and shall not be in contact with the
34、ground or sources of water.7.1.2 The radiant barrier material shall not be placed incontact with corrosive building materials.7.2 Performance Considerations:7.2.1 The performance of the RBS depends on adherence tomanufacturers recommendations. Manufacturers installationinstructions and all applicabl
35、e building codes shall be fol-lowed. The manufacturer shall provide the product informationsheet(s) that specify the products intended use(s), applicationmethod(s), health and safety considerations, and materialproperties per Specification C1313.7.2.2 The performance of the RBS is dependent on thepr
36、esence of an open airspace adjacent to at least one low-emittance surface.7.2.3 The performance of the RBS will be adversely af-fected by foreign materials on the lowemittance surface.Before installation, foreign materials shall be removed usingmanufacturers instructions, taking care not to damage t
37、heradiant barrier material.7.2.4 The performance of a radiant barrier will be reducedby a corrosive environment. In some instances, severe pollut-ants react with the low-emittance surface causing an increase inC1744 102the emittance of the material. When such conditions exist, theowner/builder shall
38、 be informed that these conditions mayresult in material degradation and a decrease in RBS perfor-mance.7.2.5 In some instances, the performance of a radiant barrierwill be reduced by the presence of moisture on the low-emittance surface. Such conditions may be temporary or longterm and the manufact
39、urer shall be consulted to determine theapplicability of RBS when these conditions are expected tooccur.7.2.6 The performance of the RBS will be adversely af-fected by the accumulation of dust over time on the low-emittance surface. RBS shall be installed to avoid the settle-ment of dust on the radi
40、ant barrier surface. Dust is not aconcern on a downward facing RBS.7.2.7 Damaged areas will result in loss of performance andshall be repaired in accordance with the manufacturers in-structions.7.3 Precautions:7.3.1 In areas in which radiant barrier materials are to beinstalled, the applicator shall
41、 provide clearance around lightingfixtures, motors, fans, blowers, heaters, flues, chimneys, andother heat-producing electrical and mechanical devices.7.3.1.1 The applicator shall provide 3-in. (75-mm) mini-mum clearance around all sides of recessed lighting fixturesunless such fixtures are approved
42、 for installation in directcontact with radiant barrier materials. Such fixtures includefixture wiring compartments, ballasts, and other heat-producing devices. These devices shall not be covered unlessthey are specifically approved for operation when covered.7.3.1.2 The applicator shall provide the
43、 minimum clear-ances specified in NFPA 54. Provide a 2-in. (50-mm) minimumclearance from the outside face of the masonry around masonrychimneys or masonry enclosing a flue. For vents, vent connec-tors, and chimneys other than masonry, provide minimumclearances as specified in NAPA 211.7.3.1.3 The op
44、erative material of most RBS is a metallic foilor vapor deposition of a metal on a substrate. Therefore, radiantbarrier materials can provide an extremely high resistance towater vapor transmission. Radiant barriers shall not be in-stalled so as to lead to moisture accumulation and deteriorationin t
45、he structure. Some radiant barriers are produced to providelow resistance to water vapor transmission. High vapor perme-able house wraps and perforated products are examples.7.3.1.4 In wood or steel framed buildings (new or retreofit),a perforated radiant barrier shall always be used when insula-tio
46、n is installed (warm-winter side) , such as in the roof orsidewall installations (Fig. 9), in direct contact with the radiantbarrier (cold-winter side). If the radiant barrier is below, or nextto, an unfaced insulation, in the wall or roof (warm-winterside), a nonperforated radiant barrier shall be
47、used.7.3.1.5 Regardless of construction type, all radiant barriermaterials that are installed with the low-emittance material(s)in direct contact with other metals shall be separated by anacceptable thermal break.7.4 Installation Requirements:7.4.1 Determine that the RBS material and installation me
48、etthe following criteria:7.4.1.1 Testing and certificationThe materials shall meetall the requirements of Specification C1313 as well as complywith all certification and codes governing the use and installa-tion of radiant barriers.7.4.1.2 VentilationIn all installation methods, regardlessof the typ
49、e of framing or roofing, materials, or methods ofinstallation, inspect all ventilation openings and pathways to besure they are not blocked by the installation of the RBSsystems.7.4.1.3 Venting ratioIt recommended that a minimumnet-free ventilation of not less than 1 ft2(0.09 m2) of vent areafor each 150 ft2(14 m2) of floor area (ground level only) beused in both new and retrofit construction whenever practical.Installation7.5 The installer or applicator shall install the RBS accord-ing to the manufacturers installation guidelines. In addition,the following
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