1、Designation: C1757 13Standard Test Method forDetermination of One-Point, Bulk Water Sorption of DriedConcrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1757; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of wateringress into the bulk (mass) of a hardened, dried concretespecimen aft
3、er being submerged for 30 minutes.1.2 The text of this test method references notes that provideexplanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excludingthose in tables and figures) shall not be considered as require-ments of this standard1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asst
4、andard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This test method does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
5、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing DrilledCores and Sawed Beams of ConcreteC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete an
6、d Concrete Ag-gregatesC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices f
7、orDetermining Mass and Volume for Use in the PhysicalTesting of Hydraulic CementsC1585 Test Method for Measurement of Rate of Absorptionof Water by Hydraulic-Cement Concretes3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology C125 for definitions of termsused in this test method.3.2 Definitions
8、:3.2.1 sorption, nthe change in mass divided by the prod-uct of the surface area of the test specimen and the density ofwater, expressed in millimetres.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A cylindrical concrete specimen is dried at 50C toconstant mass, and then placed in a sealed container for oneday. Afte
9、r immersion in water for 30 minutes, the specimensgain in mass is measured and the depth to which water isabsorbed in millimetres is calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 The durability of concrete largely depends on the easewith which fluids, both liquids and gases can enter into andmove through, t
10、he concrete.3Adsorption and absorption of aliquid into empty or partially empty pores occur by capillaryattraction.4The continuity of the pores and their size, as well asthe volume of the voids, are factors that affect the sorptivity.45.2 This test method is intended to compare the relativeperforman
11、ce of concrete mixtures exposed to wetting anddrying. It is not intended to compare the performance ofconcrete mixtures that will be submerged continuously.5.3 This test method tests a concrete that is essentially dry,as contrasted to the condition of the concrete in Test MethodC1585, in which much
12、of the capillary water is retained.5.4 This test method determines the water absorbed intodried concrete in the first 30 minutes as an indicator of the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、C09.66 on Concretes Resistance to Fluid Penetration.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published September 2013. DOI:10.1520/C1757-132For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume i
14、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Properties of Concrete, A. M. Neville, Fourth Edition, Pearson EducationLimited, Essex. England, p 483.4Construction Materials: Their Nature and Behavior, Edited by J. M. Illstonand P. L. J. Domone, Third Edition 2001, Spoo
15、n Press, 29 W 35th St., New York,New York 1000, pp192-194.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1susceptibility of the concrete to water intrusion. This testmethod subjects all of the surfaces of the specimen to waterthereby
16、giving a value for bulk sorption of the specimen whichgives an indication of the potential durability of the concretemixture.5.5 This test is applicable to hydraulic cement concretemixtures with or without supplementary cementitious materialsor admixtures.5.6 This test method permits for the use of
17、both cores andcast specimens. The results for cast specimens are not equiva-lent to those obtained from cores. Results can differ because,compared with cores, cast specimens have smoother surfacetexture, no damage from coring, and a greater amount of pasteexposed at the surface.5.7 This test is a me
18、asurement of the bulk sorption ofconcrete and has not been evaluated as a technique to assess theeffectiveness of surface treatments applied to the concrete.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, complying with Specification C1005 of suffi-cient capacity and readable to at least 0.01 % of the mass of thespecimen.
19、NOTE 1A balance having at least a 1000 gram capacity, readable to0.1 g is sufficient for a 100 mm diameter, 50 mm thick specimen of normalweight concrete.6.2 Core Drill, shall comply with Test Method C42/C42M.6.3 Saw, shall comply with Test Method C42/C42M.6.4 Forced-Air Oven, capable of maintaining
20、 a temperatureof 50 + 2C and such that the specimens can be placed in theoven at least 25 mm from any heating surface and from anotherspecimen.6.5 Airtight Vessel or Desiccator, of sufficient size to containthe specimens.6.6 Immersion Container, for submersion of the specimens,containing tap water a
21、nd the specimen support rack,6.7 Specimen Support Rack, which keeps the specimen fromcontacting the bottom of the container and provides minimalcontact area with the specimen.NOTE 2A light wire cake rack or hail screen with a spacing ofapproximately 15 mm is acceptable for the purpose.6.8 Absorbent
22、Cloth, suitable for absorbing free moisturefrom the specimen surface.7. Test Specimens and Sampling7.1 Specimen selection and preparation depends on thepurpose of the test. For evaluation of materials or theirproportions, permitted specimens include: (a) 100 mm diam-eter cores taken from test slabs
23、or from large diametercylinders or (b) 100 mm diameter cast cylinders. For evalua-tion of structures or the field concrete, specimens include: (a)100 mm diameter cores taken from the structure or field-castspecimens or (b) 100 mm diameter cylinders cast at the fieldsite. The preferred test specimen
24、length is 50 mm. In noinstance shall a test specimen be shorter than 30 mm or longerthan 150 mm.7.2 Specimens cast in the laboratory shall be made andcured in accordance with Practice C192/C192M. Specimenscast in the field shall be made and cured in accordance with thefield-curing procedure in Pract
25、ice C31/C31M. The test ageshall be stated by the specifier of the testing. If no test age isspecified, begin the oven drying at 28 days.NOTE 3As with other properties of hydraulic concrete mixtures,specimens tested at 28 days are likely to give results indicative of a matureconcrete. Mixtures with s
26、upplementary cementitious materials may re-quire longer times to show the effect of these materials. Test results forsorption of all concretes at early ages can be expected to be higher than thesorption results at later ages. The improvement at later ages is dependenton the hydration of the cementit
27、ious materials. Results from later ages (28days and beyond) should be used for any comparisons between concretes.7.3 Coring and cutting the specimen to length shall be inaccordance with Test Method C42/C42M. Field cores shall behandled and initially conditioned in accordance with Section7.3 of Test
28、Method C42/C42M. If additional moist curing offield cores is specified, provide additional curing in a moistroom or storage tank in accordance with Specification C511.7.4 Drill cores according to Test Method C42/C42M. Theends of the specimen shall be square to the longitudinal axiswithin 5 mm across
29、 the 100 mm face. Saw as necessary.7.5 Measure the dimensions of the specimen to the nearestmillimetre in accordance with Test Method C42/C42M.7.6 The average of two or more cores or cast cylinders shallconstitute the test result.8. Procedure8.1 Begin testing by placing the specimen in the forced-ai
30、roven so that it is at least 25 mm from any heating surface andfrom another specimen. Dry the specimen at 50 6 2C for aninitial period of 48 6 2 h.After the initial period, determine themass of the oven-warm specimen. Return the specimen to theoven and determine subsequent oven-warm masses every 24
31、62 h. Drying is complete when the specimen loses less than0.2 % of its previous mass during a 24 6 2 h period of drying.For weekend and holiday interruptions in this cycle, store thespecimen in the airtight vessel as specified in 8.2 and thenbegin with another 24-hour drying cycle.NOTE 4Good quality
32、 28 day-old concrete can be expected to lose lessthan 0.2 % of its mass in 24 6 2 h of drying within three or four days.8.2 Upon completion of the drying, store the specimen inthe airtight vessel for 24 6 1 h. Maintain the ambienttemperature around the vessel at 23 6 3C. After 24 h in thevessel, det
33、ermine the mass of the specimen and record it as theoven-dried mass. Within ten minutes, place the specimen onthe support rack in the immersion container with a flat facehorizontal and so that it does not contact the container walls oranother specimen. Maintain the water temperature at 23 6 3Cand th
34、e water level in the container such that there is 25 6 10mm of water over the top of the specimen.8.3 Immerse the specimen for 30 6 0.5 min. Remove thespecimen; shake it to remove the bulk of the surface water. Dryit using a damp absorbent cloth as rapidly as possible until allvisible films of water
35、 are removed and the surface appearsC1757 132damp. Immediately determine the mass of the specimen andrecord it as the mass after immersion.NOTE 5The cloth is considered damp when it has been wetted andwrung out by hand twisting.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the sorption of the specimen as the change i
36、nmass divided by the product of the surface area of the testspecimen and the density of water. For the purpose of this test,the temperature dependence of the density of water is neglectedand a value of 0.001 g/mm3is used. The units of sorption aremm.Sorption 5W 2 DA*d(1)Where:W = mass of specimen af
37、ter immersion in grams,D = mass of oven-dried specimen in grams, andA = the surface area of the specimen in square millimetresA 5 3.14*sd*sd21sh! (2)Where:sd = specimen diameter in mm,sh = specimen height in mm, andd = density of water (0.001) in grams per cubic millimetre10. Report10.1 Report the f
38、ollowing information:10.1.1 Specimen identification number,10.1.2 The source of the concrete,10.1.3 Relevant background information on the specimensuch as mixture proportions, date when the concrete was cast,type of finishing, curing type and history, and the date when theconcrete was sampled, if av
39、ailable,10.1.4 The age of the concrete when testing was begun,10.1.5 Length and diameter of the specimen, in millimetres;10.1.6 The type of specimen, either core or cast cylinder,10.1.7 The type of the top and bottom faces of the specimen,either formed, finished, or cut,10.1.8 If the specimen was fr
40、om a structure, its location inthe structure,10.1.9 The number of specimens in the set and the sorptionfor the set of specimens to the nearest 0.001 mm.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Single-Operator PrecisionThe single-operator coef-ficient of variation of a single test result for cast cylinders,(where
41、a test result is the average of two separate measure-ments) using two materials with average sorption valuesranging from 0.186 mm to 0.409 mm, has been found to be4.8 %. For these parameters, the single-operator coefficient ofvariation of individual determinations has been found to be6.2 %.NOTE 6The
42、 reproducibility of this test method will be determined andshould be available within 5 years of the initial approval of this testmethod.11.2 BiasNo information can be presented on the bias ofthe procedure in Test Method C1757 for measuring thecorrected sorption because no material having an accepte
43、dreference value is available.12. Keywords12.1 absorption; capillary; pores; sorption; waterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio
44、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra
45、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c
46、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single
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