ASTM C192 C192M-2013a Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory《实验室中混凝土试样制备和固化的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: C192/C192M 13C192/C192M 13aStandard Practice forMaking and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in theLaboratory1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C192/C192M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision,

2、 the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers pr

3、ocedures for making and curing test specimens of concrete in the laboratory under accurate controlof materials and test conditions using concrete that can be consolidated by rodding or vibration as described herein.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separ

4、ately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety conce

5、rns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burn

6、s to exposedskin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C70 Test Method for Surface Moisture in Fine AggregateC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coa

7、rse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampl

8、ing Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure MethodC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC403/C403M Test Method

9、for Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration ResistanceC470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders VerticallyC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Us

10、ed in the Testing of HydraulicCements and ConcretesC566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by DryingC617/C617M Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice forAgencies

11、Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluation1 This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 on Testingfor Strength.Current edition app

12、roved Aug. 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2013. Published August 2013October 2013. Originally approved in 1944. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asC192/C192M 12a.C192/C192M 13. DOI: 10.1520/C0192_C0192M-13.10.1520/C0192_C0192M-13a.2 See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testi

13、ng,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, VolVol. 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document

14、 is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appr

15、opriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Sta

16、tes12.2 American Concrete Institute Publications:4211.3 Practice for Selecting Proportions for No-Slump Concrete309R Guide for Consolidation of Concrete3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice provides standardized requirements for preparation of materials, mixing concrete, and making and curingconc

17、rete test specimens under laboratory conditions.3.2 If specimen preparation is controlled as stipulated herein, the specimens may be used to develop information for thefollowing purposes:3.2.1 Mixture proportioning for project concrete,3.2.2 Evaluation of different mixtures and materials,3.2.3 Corre

18、lation with nondestructive tests, and3.2.4 Providing specimens for research purposes.NOTE 1The concrete test results for concrete specimens made and cured using this practice are widely used. They may be the basis for acceptancetesting for project concrete, research evaluations, and other studies. C

19、areful and knowledgeable handling of materials, mixing concrete, molding testspecimens, and curing test specimens is necessary. Many laboratories performing this important work are independently inspected or accredited. PracticeC1077 identifies and defines the duties, responsibilities, and minimum t

20、echnical qualification requirements of laboratory personnel and the minimumrequirements for equipment used in testing concrete and concrete aggregates.4. Apparatus4.1 Molds, GeneralMolds for specimens or fastenings thereto in contact with the concrete shall be made of steel, cast iron,or other nonab

21、sorbent material, nonreactive with concrete containing portland or other hydraulic cements. Molds shall conformto the dimensions and tolerances specified in the method for which the specimens are required. Molds shall hold their dimensionsand shape under all conditions of use. Watertightness of mold

22、s during use shall be judged by their ability to hold water poured intothem. Test procedures for watertightness are given in the section on Test Methods for Elongation, Absorption, and Watertightnessof Specification C470/C470M. A suitable sealant, such as heavy grease, modeling clay, or microcrystal

23、line wax, shall be usedwhere necessary to prevent leakage through the joints. Positive means shall be provided to hold base plates firmly to the molds.Reusable molds shall be lightly coated with mineral oil or a suitable nonreactive release material before use.4.2 Cylinder Molds:4.2.1 Molds for Cast

24、ing Specimens Vertically shall conform to the requirements of 4.1 and Specification C470/C470M.4.2.2 Horizontal Molds for Creep Test Cylinders shall conform to the requirements of 4.1 and to the requirements for symmetryand dimensional tolerance in the section on General Requirements except for vert

25、icality requirements of SpecificationC470/C470M. The use of horizontal molds is intended only for creep specimens that contain axially embedded strain gages. Moldsfor creep cylinders to be filled while supported in a horizontal position shall have a filling slot parallel to the axis of the mold whic

26、hextends the full length to receive the concrete. The width of the slot shall be one half the diameter of the specimen. If necessarythe edges of the slot shall be reinforced to maintain dimensional stability. Unless specimens are to be capped or ground to produceplane ends, the molds shall be provid

27、ed with two machined metal end plates at least 25 mm 1 in. thick and the working surfacesshall comply with the requirements for planeness and surface roughness given in the section on Capping Plates of PracticeC617/C617M. Provision shall be made for fixing both end plates firmly to the mold. The ins

28、ide surface of each end plate shall beprovided with at least three lugs or studs approximately 25 mm 1 in. long, firmly fastened to the plate for embedment in theconcrete. One base plate shall be drilled from the inside at an angle to permit the lead wire from the strain gage to exit the specimenthr

29、ough the edge of the plate. Provision shall be made for accurately positioning the strain gage. All necessary holes shall be assmall as possible to minimize disturbance to subsequent strain measurements and shall be sealed to prevent leakage.4.3 Beam and Prism Molds shall be rectangular in shape (un

30、less otherwise specified) and of the dimensions required to producethe desired specimen size. The inside surfaces of the molds shall be smooth and free from indentations. The sides, bottom, andends shall be at right angles to each other and shall be straight and true and free of warpage. Maximum var

31、iation from the nominalcross section shall not exceed 3 mm 18 in. for molds with depth or breadth of 150 mm 6 in. or more, or 2 mm 116 in. formolds of smaller depth or breadth. Except for flexure specimens, molds shall not vary from the nominal length by more than 2mm 116 in. Flexure molds shall not

32、 be shorter than 2 mm 116 in. of the required length, but may exceed it by more than thatamount.4.4 Tamping RodA round, smooth, straight, steel rod with a diameter conforming to the requirements in Table 2. The lengthof the tamping rod shall be at least 100 mm 4 in. greater than the depth of the mol

33、d in which rodding is being performed, butnot greater than 600 mm 24 in. in overall length (see Note 2). The rod shall have the tamping end or both ends rounded to ahemispherical tip of the same diameter as the rod.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills,

34、MI 48333-9094, http:/www.aci-int.org.C192/C192M 13a2NOTE 2Arod length of 400 mm 16 in. to 600 mm 24 in. meets the requirements of the following: Practice C31/C31M, Test Method C138/C138M,Test Method C143/C143M, Test Method C173/C173M, and Test Method C231/C231M.4.5 MalletsA mallet with a rubber or r

35、awhide head weighing 0.6 6 0.2 kg 1.25 6 0.50 lb shall be used.4.6 Vibrators:4.6.1 Internal VibratorsThe vibrator frequency shall be at least 70009000 vibrations per minute (115 Hz)150 Hz while thevibrator is operating in the concrete. The diameter of a round vibrator shall be no more than one fourt

36、h the diameter of the cylindermold or one fourth the width of the beam or prism mold. Other shaped vibrators shall have a perimeter equivalent to thecircumference of an appropriate round vibrator. The combined length of the vibrator shaft and vibrating element shall exceed thedepth of the section be

37、ing vibrated by at least 75 mm 3 in. The vibrator frequency shall be checked with a vibrating-reedtachometer or other suitable device at least every two years or as recommended by the manufacturer.NOTE 3For information on size and frequency of various vibrators and method to periodically check vibra

38、tor frequency, see ACI 309R.4.6.2 External VibratorsThe two types of external vibrators permitted are either table or plank. The external vibratorfrequency shall be 3600 vibrations per minute (60 Hz) or higher.4.6.3 Provisions shall be made for clamping the mold securely to the apparatus for both ty

39、pes of vibrators.NOTE 4Vibratory impulses are frequently imparted to a table or plank vibrator through electromagnetic means, or by use of an eccentric weight onthe shaft of an electric motor or on a separate shaft driven by a motor.4.7 Small ToolsTools and items such as shovels, pails, trowels, woo

40、d float, blunted trowels, straightedge, feeler gage, scoops,rulers, rubber gloves, and metal mixing bowls shall be provided.4.8 Slump ApparatusThe apparatus for measurement of slump shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC143/C143M.4.9 Sampling and Mixing PanThe pan shall be flat-bottom and

41、 of heavy-gage metal, watertight, of convenient depth, and ofsufficient capacity to allow easy mixing by shovel or trowel of the entire batch; or, if mixing is by machine, to receive the entirebatch on discharge of the mixer and allow remixing in the pan by trowel or shovel.4.10 Wet-Sieving Equipmen

42、tIf wet-sieving is required, the equipment shall conform to the requirements of PracticeC172/C172M.4.11 Air Content ApparatusThe apparatus for measuring air content shall conform to the requirements of either Test MethodsC231/C231M or C173/C173M.4.12 ScalesScales for determining the mass of batches

43、of materials and concrete shall be accurate within 0.3 % of the test loadat any point within the range of use.NOTE 5In general the mass of small quantities should not be determined on large capacity scales. In many applications the smallest mass determinedon a scale should be greater than about 10 %

44、 of the maximum capacity of the scale; however, this will vary with the performance characteristics of thescale and the required accuracy of the determination.Acceptable scales used for determining the mass for concrete materials preferably should determinemass accurately to about 0.1 % of total cap

45、acity and the foregoing precaution is applicable. However, certain analytical and precision balances areexceptions to this rule and should weigh accurately to 0.001 %. Particular care must be exercised in measuring small quantities of material by determiningthe difference between two much larger mas

46、ses.4.13 Temperature Measuring DeviceThe temperature measuring device shall conform to the requirements of Test MethodC1064/C1064M.4.14 Concrete MixerA power-driven concrete mixer shall be a revolving drum, tilting mixer, or suitable revolving pan orrevolving-paddle mixer capable of thoroughly mixin

47、g batches of the prescribed sizes at the required slump.TABLE 1 Number of Layers Required for SpecimensSpecimen Type and Size Mode ofConsolidationNumbers of Layersof ApproximateEqual DepthCylinders:Diameter, mm in.75 to 100 3 or 4 rodding 2150 6 rodding 3225 9 rodding 4up to 225 9 vibration 2Prisms

48、and horizontal creep Cylinders:Depth, mm in.up to 200 8 rodding 2over 200 8 rodding 3 or moreup to 200 8 vibration 1over 200 8 vibration 2 or moreC192/C192M 13a3NOTE 6Apan mixer is usually more suitable for mixing concrete with less than 25 mm 1 in. slump than a revolving drum mixer. The rate of rot

49、ation,degree of tilt, and rated capacity of tilting mixers are not always suitable for laboratory mixed concrete. It may be found desirable to reduce the rate ofrotation, decrease the angle of tilt from the horizontal, and use the mixer at somewhat less than the manufacturers rated capacity.5. Specimens5.1 Cylindrical SpecimensCylinder dimensions shall be as stipulated in the specification, test method or practice for thelaboratory studies being performed and shall meet the requirements of 5.4. If d